Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias最新文献

{"title":"Dairy goats fed sunflower hay intercropped with chickpea in small-scale systems. Part II: Cheese yield and composition, sensory analysis and economic performance","authors":"A. Sainz-Ramírez, J. Estrada-Flores, J. Velarde-Guillén, F. López-González, C. Arriaga-Jordán","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a5","url":null,"abstract":"25 Background: Goat production worldwide has grown as a way to improve the quality of rural 26 life and reduce the environmental footprint, but there is a need to increase productivity 27 through improved feeding strategies. The growing demand of consumers for healthier 28 products but with organoleptic characteristics similar to traditional ones has made it 29 necessary to develop strategies to satisfy this need, so it is necessary to evaluate the effect of 30 new forages in diets on their acceptance by consumers. Goat milk chemical and organoleptic 31 composition vary according to diet, which in turn affects the characteristics of goat milk 32 cheese. Among the most important sensory attributes for consumers, there are texture, taste 33 and smell. Objective: To evaluate the effect of substituting corn straw with sunflower hay 34 associated with chickpea in the feeding of dairy goats in terms of yield, chemical composition 35 and sensory acceptability of cheese, as well as economic performance. Methods: Twenty- 36 eight Saanen dairy goats were randomly assigned to two treatments in a 30-day experiment 37 on a small-scale farm. The daily ration per goat in the MZST treatment (control treatment) 38 consisted of alfalfa hay (200 g/goat/day) and concentrate (400 g/goat/day) plus 600 39 g/goat/day (50% of the ration) of corn straw and the SFCP treatment (treatment substituted 40 the sunflower-chickpea ground hay) had the same alfalfa and concentrate content, but with 41 600 g/goat/day of sunflower-chickpea hay. The yield, composition and sensory evaluation of 42 fresh cheeses made with milk from each treatment were recorded, and the feeding costs and 43 returns evaluated. Variables for the chemical composition of cheeses were analyzed 44 following a completely randomized design. Results: There were significant differences in 45 cheese yield and for all the chemical composition variables. Sensory evaluation showed that 46 SFCP cheese had significantly higher scores for texture and odor but significantly lower for 47 taste and overall acceptability compared to MZST. In economic terms, SFCP increased feed 48 costs by 5% but resulted in higher margins over feed costs of 12 and 24% for milk and cheese, 49 respectively, compared to MZST. Conclusion: In spite of favorable performance and 50 economic returns by the MZST treatment alimentación en un 5%, pero resultó en márgenes más altos sobre los costos de alimentación 83 de 12 y 24% para la leche y el queso, respectivamente, en comparación con MZST. 84 Conclusión: A pesar del desempeño favorable y los beneficios económicos del tratamiento 85 MZST (tratamiento control), los cambios en las características organolépticas del queso 86 redujeron su aceptación general. 87 alimentação e retornos avaliados. As variáveis de composição química dos queijos foram 113 analisadas seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Resultados: Houve 114 diferenças significativas no rendimento do queijo e para todas as vari","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44110114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic acids for broilers: Effects on intestinal morphology and growth performance","authors":"Magda Y Serrano-Gamboa, J. Arce-Menocal, E. Ávila-González, C. López-Coello, L. Garibay-Torres, J. Herrera-Camacho","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recommendations for the application of organic acids blend and ammonium salts 29 in drinking water are needed to optimize productivity in broiler chickens. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the acidification of drinking water on the productive performance, blood and intestinal 31 pH, and intestinal morphology. Methods: 1,400 broiler chicks between the ages of 1- and 42-days- 32 old were used to evaluate two pH levels (4 and 6) in drinking water between three periods (1-21, 33 1-28 and 1-42 days of age) of treatments in water with a blend of formic acid 31%, propionic acid 34 19%, and their salts ammonium formate 26%, and ammonium propionate 6% compared to control 35 (pH 8). Results: Groups that consume water pH 6 (0.038 moles) continuously for 42 days improved 36 vs the control (p≤0.01) live weight (2.785 vs 2.691 kg) and feed conversion ratio (1.430 vs 1.463 37 kg/kg), as well as increased numbers of intestinal villi (59.0 vs 55.7), blood and intestinal pH 38 reduced vs control (7.75 vs 7.89; 6.32 vs 6.41). Conclusion: The blend of formic and propionic 39 acids and their ammonium salts in drinking water at pH 6 during the complete production cycle 40 improved production parameters in 42-day-old broilers and it increased the number of intestinal 41 villi and a reduction in blood, duodenum and ileum pH.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of mathematical models to estimate live weight through heart girth in growing Pelibuey sheep","authors":"J. Canul-Solís, R. Portillo-Salgado, R. García-Herrera, E. Castillo-Gallegos, L. Castillo-Sanchez, E. Camacho-Pérez, A. Chaves-Gurgel, Carolina Marques-Costa, Patrick Bezerra-Fernandes, A. Chay-Canul","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a4","url":null,"abstract":"38 Background: In traditional sheep production systems, the assessment of animal growth 39 based on live weight (LW) is limited by the high cost of livestock scales as well as the 40 sophisticated maintenance required. Objective: To develop and evaluate equations to 41 predict LW using heart girth (HG) in growing Pelibuey sheep. Methods: A dataset 42 (n=415) of clinically healthy male Pelibuey sheep from two months to one year of age, 43 with an average LW of 25.96 ± 10.25 kg and HG of 68.31 ± 10.53 cm, were used. Three 44 equations were evaluated: LW (kg) = −37.70 + 0.93 × HG (Eq. 1); LW (kg) = −1.74 + 45 0.19 × HG + 0.008 × HG 2 (Eq. 2); and LW (kg) = 0.003 × HG 2.68 (Eq. 3). Results: The 46 correlation coefficient between LW and HG was r = 0.94 (p<0.001). The three equations 47 showed a high concordance correlation coefficient (CCCs≥0.97). However, the random 48 error was the main component of the mean square partition of the prediction error 49 (≥82.78%) only for Eqs. 1 and 2. The test for parameter identity (intercept=0; slope=1) 50 was accepted only for Eq. 2 (p>0.05). On the other hand, for Eqs. 1 and 3, the intercept 51 was different from zero and the slope was different from one (p<0.05). Conclusions: The 52 second-degree equations accurately and precisely estimated the body weight of growing 53 Pelibuey sheep using the HG as a sole predictor variable.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46833330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal quality of milk from Creole grazing goats, stabled Saanen and French-Alpine goats","authors":"","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Goat milk production has been increasing in northern Mexico; however, there is little information available about its quality. Objective: To compare goat milk quality during three seasons among creole goats in a traditional grazing system and stabled Saanen and French-Alpine goats. Methods: An experiment was performed in a completely randomized nested design with seasonality factor (fixed effects) with three levels (rain, transition, and drought) and breed factor (fixed effect with three levels (Creole, Saanen and French-Alpine)) nested within the season-of-the-year factor. Fifteen goats were randomly selected: five Creole in the extensive grazing system, five stabled Saanen, and five stabled French-Alpine. The factors assessed in milk were fat content, non-fat solids, protein, lactose, salts, density, freezing point, conductivity, and pH (using a Lactoscan® device). Results: With respect to season for all the breeds: fat, non-fat solids, protein, lactose, and salt contents were higher (p≤0.05) for goats sampled in the rainy season, followed by drought and transition seasons, respectively. The variables related to milk quality by breed and season showed that milk fat content of creole goats was greater (p≤0.05) in the drought season; salt and non-fat content (p≤0.05) in the three seasons of the year; density and protein increased (p≤0.05) in the transition and rainy seasons, while lactose was greater (p≤0.05) in drought and rainy seasons; protein was greater (p≤0.05) in transition and rainy seasons; and the freezing point was lower (p≤0.05) in the transition season. Regarding conductivity, French-Alpine milk was greater (p≤0.05) in the drought season. Conclusion: Season of the year significantly affects milk quality, with increased quality during the rainy season in creole grazing goats.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45568786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La adición de orujo mejora el ensilaje de las partes aéreas de la planta de yuca","authors":"","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a3","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Si bien es posible preservar la parte aérea de la yuca en forma de ensilaje, como se demostró en estudios anteriores, el bajo contenido de materia seca puede resultar en fermentaciones indeseables y mayores pérdidas de efluentes durante el ensilaje, levando a una reducción en la calidad final del ensilaje. Una de las formas de solucionar este problema sería el ensilaje mixto de la parte aérea de la yuca con subproductos deshidratados de la agroindustria. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la adición de bagazo de uva deshidratado (BUD) a la parte aérea del ensilaje de yuca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) sobre la composición química, degradabilidad y producción de gas in vitro del ensilado. Métodos: El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar y los tratamientos consistieron en: (I) ensilado de brotes de yuca sin aditivos; (II) ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca con 10% de BUD en materia natural, como aditivo. Luego de 30 días de fermentación, los ensilajes fueron evaluados para materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), extracto de éter (EE), fibra detergente neutra (FDN), nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT), pH, degradabilidad in vitro y producción acumulada de gas mediante la técnica de producción de gas in vitro semiautomática. Resultados: La adición de BUD no cambió los contenidos de PB, EE, FDN y NDT del ensilaje. Sin embargo, BUD promovió un aumento en el contenido de MS (32,61 vs 30,31%) y una reducción en el pH (4,00 vs 4,75) del ensilaje. El ensilado que recibió la BUD mostró mayores coeficientes de degradabilidad de las fracciones solubles y potencialmente degradables, lo que resultó en mayores valores de degradabilidad potencial y efectiva. De manera similar, BUD promovió una reducción en el tiempo de colonización de partículas (6,74 vs 10,01 h) y un aumento en la producción acumulada de gas (62,03 vs 57,82 mL/g MS). Conclusiones: La adición de 10% de bagazo de uva deshidratado al ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca puede ser útil para reducir el pH y aumentar el contenido de materia seca del ensilaje.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48289993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and bone quality of broilers fed diets containing different levels of phosphorus and supplemented with phytase","authors":"M. M. Saldanha, L. F. P. Pereira, A. R. C. Abreu, F. L. S. Castro, W. Clímaco, I. Araújo, L. J. Lara","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a2","url":null,"abstract":"quality of fed diets containing different levels of phosphorus and supplemented with phytase. Abstract Background: Phytase is an enzyme widely used in the nutrition of broilers. However, there are several commercial options and their effects with low levels of dietary phosphorus are poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of commercially available phytase feed","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ivermectin use on pastured livestock in Colombia: parasite resistance and impacts on the dung community","authors":"D. Villar, D. Schaeffer","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a2","url":null,"abstract":"Ivermectin (IVM) has been the most widely used antiparasitic agent in veterinary medicine since it came to the market in 1981. In its risk assessment, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that, although it is very toxic to aquatic organisms, it is unlikely to contaminate watercourses from current applications registered for animal use. However, the effects of IVM on non-target invertebrate fauna can greatly impact grassland ecology. The economic loss from undegraded dung on lowering the quality of pastures and reducing the area of pasture available and palatable to livestock was $380 million for the American economy in 2003. We discuss selected aspects of IVM effects on non-target species, dung beetles in pastures. We do not consider confined or feedlot production. Ivermectin affects a highly beneficial and taxonomically diverse group inhabiting dung pats, including flies, parasitic wasps, and coprophilus and predatory dung beetles. Some studies show that dung from IVM-treated animals can remain in the pasture without noticeable signs of degradation for up to 340 days, while pats from untreated animals are almost completely degraded after 80 days. Field and laboratory studies have shown many invertebrates species are susceptible to IVM at concentrations well below those excreted in the feces of treated cattle IVM affects reproduction and development of coleopteran larvae at concentrations up to 10 times lower than cause mortality. In Colombia, at least 68 species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae have been identified in dung communities. Greater diversity of dung beetles is associated with forests and silvopastoral systems that incorporate native trees and provide habitats for survival. IVM should be used selectively on animals on pasture to minimize parasite resistance and effects on dung beetle communities and other nontarget invertebrate communities.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43957001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the addition of cellulolytic bacteria to ruminal bacteria on in vitro fermentation characteristics","authors":"N. Torres-Salado, M. Ayala-Monter, P. Sánchez-Santillán, Isaac Almaraz-Buendía","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a5","url":null,"abstract":"26 Background : Digestibility of fiber in the rumen is not due to enzymatic activity of individual 27 bacteria, but rather to their interaction, which complements their enzymatic functioning. Thus, 28 efficiency of fiber digestion depends on the diversity and density of cellulolytic bacteria. 29 Objective: To estimate in vitro production of biogas, methane, and fermentative characteristics of 30 cobra grass ( Brachiaria hibrido ) inoculated with ruminal bacteria (RB) in coculture with isolated 31 cellulolytic bacteria (ICB) from bovine (ICB bov ) or water buffalo (ICB buf ). Methods : ICB bov and 32 ICB buf were isolated from ruminal cellulolytic bacteria consortia using specific culture media for 33 cellulolytic bacteria. Both were morphologically characterized, and a Gram stain was performed. 34 In the in vitro gas production test, the substrate was cobra grass and the inocula were ruminal 35 bacteria (RB), ICB bov , ICB buf , Coculture bov (RB + ICB bov ) and Coculture buf (RB + ICB buf ). 36 Production of biogas and methane (CH 4 ), as well as dry matter degradation (DMD) and neutral 37 detergent fiber degradation (NDFD) were measured. A completely randomized design was used. 38 Results : ICB were Gram positive cocci. Accumulated biogas production at 72 h from ICB bov and 39 ICB buf was on average 42.11% of that produced by RB. The Coculture bov produced 14.24% more 40 biogas than RB. CH 4 production was lower in ICB bov and ICB buf than in RB, Coculture bov and 41 Coculture buf . DMD and NDFD were not different among RB, Coculture bov and Coculture buf . ICB bov 42 degraded 37.10 and 96.34% more DMD and NDFD than ICB buf (p<0.05). Conclusion : The use of 43 ICB from bovine or water buffalo in coculture with RB does not improve in vitro production of 44 biogas, DMD or NDFD with respect to RB alone.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47246693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collateral damage of fipronil in economic and ecologically important non-target species","authors":"D. Villar, D. Schaeffer","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n3a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n3a6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42616119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental protocol to repel opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) through an artisanal odor repellent device","authors":"K. Rodríguez, Diana R Aguirre, Claudia P Ceballos","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a01","url":null,"abstract":"26 27 Background: The human-opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) conflict has increased during the 28 last decades mainly due to natural habitat loss and mediated by the opossum’s generalist and 29 opportunistic habits. Objective: A potential solution to reduce this conflict is to discourage 30 the opossums presence in human settlements without affecting the welfare of both parts. With 31 this purpose we developed an artisanal odor device with three different chemicals: citronella, 32 ammonia and creolin, and tested their effectiveness to drive away opossums. Methods: We 33 first attracted local opossums using fruits or canned sardines as bait in two areas, an urban 34 natural park (n = 2 sites), and in a peri-urban forest reserve (n = 4 sites), both in Envigado, 35 Antioquia, Colombia. Posteriorly we installed the odor device with one of three chemicals 36 on each site and for two weeks. The cycle was repeated with all chemicals in all sites. The 37 number of opossums per night was recorded daily using camera-traps with bait and 38 bait+chemical. Results: We found that ammonia and creolin were associated to fewer 39 opossums/night, even when the sites were still baited, and that citronella did not decrease the 40 presence of opossums/night when added to the baited sites. In addition, the number of 41 opossums per night was higher in the urban park relative to the forest reserve. Conclusion: 42 We suggest to further test the repellent effect of ammonia and creolin on real human-opossum 43 conflict scenarios, however caution is warranted given its irritant, flammable, and corrosive 44 properties. 45","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44250418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}