Romanian Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Biomass Energy Production Potential in Agricultural Holdings in Relation to Their Size. Case Study for COP Farms in Romania","authors":"E. Cofas, C. Bălăceanu","doi":"10.59665/rar4061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4061","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass energy production is a priority for the global economy in terms of ensuring the premises for sustainable development. The current context, determined by increases in energy costs, involves the identification of applicable and eco-intensive measures by which the use of biomass in productive activities will reduce the level of pollution and, implicitly, global warming. Progress of the bioeconomy is intercorrelated with the dimension of agriculture, which is the major provider of biomass for food, feed, and other bio-based industries. The agricultural sector in the last decades is characterized by an increase in energy production and consumption, with direct consequences on the environment. Biomass is for Romania, a renewable energy source, particularly valuable, both in terms of potential and in terms of future use, through complementarity with the sustainable development programs of the state that aim to develop the capacity of production and the creation of well-being. This research aims to estimate the energy efficiency of three types of COP farms (which cultivate cereals, oilseeds, and protein crops) of different physical sizes, and the analysis of the potential energy generated by energetical cultures, with emphasis on biomass energy. The energy balance at the farm level remains a very important method to determine the efficiency of agricultural systems and for the assessment of potential energy from biomass. With this study, we emphasize the need to support a more sustainable demand for biomass and to make the bioeconomy market more competitive.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71124055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Inhibators and Rhizobia Can Improve Yield and Yield Components in Bean","authors":"Engin Takil, N. Kayan","doi":"10.59665/rar4012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4012","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is investigation of the effects of rhizobia and different nitrogen fertilizer types and doses on yield and some yield components for bean. The field experiment was conducted during the 2017 and 2018 at the experimental area of the Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. The experiments were laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated four times per treatment. In this study, rhizobia and non-rhizobia were investigated at different nitrogen fertilizer types and doses (control, 25 kg ha-1 AS, 25 kg ha-1 DMPP, 50 kg ha-1 AS and 50 kg ha-1 DMPP). Bean varieties Goynuk-98 was used research material. The effects of year were significantly for all of the investigated characters but differences between the rhizobia and nitrogen fertilization were significant were all of the investigated characters except for plant emergence number. All of the investigated characters were higher in first year than second year due to climatic conditions. Rhizobia inoculation was increased yield and yield components. 50 kg ha-1 DMPP nitrogen fertilization types and doses were provided highest values for investigated characters and grain yield. Inoculation with rhizobia and 50 kg ha-1 DMPP application can be recommended for beans in Eskişehir conditions.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed Control Using Allelopathic Properties of Rapeseed Residues and Crop Management","authors":"Farshid Golmaei, Elias Rahimi Petroudi, H. Mobasser, Fazl Shirdel Shahmiri","doi":"10.59665/rar4027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4027","url":null,"abstract":"Planting date, density and allelopathic properties are important tools of crop management in controlling weeds in crops. Allelopathy refers to any direct or indirect inhibitory or stimulating effect of one plant on another through the production and release of secondary metabolites in the environment. Two experiments performed separately, in order to investigate the effect of allelopathic properties of rapeseed residues and crop management on the control of rapeseed weeds and its yield. The first experiment was conducted during two agricultural years (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) in a factorial form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at the Qarakhil agricultural research station (QaemShahr). The treatments were included: planting date in 3 treatment levels (October 17, November 6 and November 26), seed rate in 3 treatment levels (3, 5 and 7 kg per hectare) and weed management in 2 treatment levels presence of weed (no control) and the absence of weed (control). The second experiment was conducted as a factorial in the form of a completely random design in three repetitions in the research laboratory of the Islamic Azad University, QaemShahr branch in 2020. The experimental treatments included weeds [wild oat (Avena fatua), darnel regrass (Lolium temulentum), phalaris (Phalaris minor)] and charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensis)) different concentrations of rapeseed root and stalk extracts (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). The results of the first experiment showed that, in general, the rapeseed seed yield was affected by the planting date and density, so that the rapeseed seed yield on the delayed planting date (November 26) decreased compared to the first planting date (October 17) by 49 and 59 percent, respectively in the first and second year of the experiment, and this decrease was more intense in the second year. Also, the results showed that the highest dry weight of weeds was obtained in both years at a density of three kilograms per hectare and in the cultivation of November 26 (except for the highest dry weight of wild oats that was observed in the cultivation of October 17). While the highest weight of seed yield was obtained in both crop years at a density of 7 kg per hectare. The results of the second experiment showed that the extract obtained from the root and stem of the rape plant had a negative and significant effect on the speed, percentage and inhibition of germination in all weeds. However, no significant difference was observed between the concentration of root and stem extracts at the 5% level. A significant negative linear regression relationship was observed between the concentration of the extract (root and stem) with the percentage and speed of germination. Also, a significant positive linear regression relationship was observed between inhibition percentage and extract concentration (root and stem). Therefore, the germination and seedling growth of the seeds of all three weed species had a negative reaction to th","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Waterlogging Tolerance of Faba Bean Genotypes at Different Growth Stages under Field Conditions","authors":"Ebrahim Mollaali, M. R. Dadashi, F. Sheikh, Hossein Ajamnorozi, Mohammad Taqi Feyzbakhsh","doi":"10.59665/rar4023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4023","url":null,"abstract":"Waterlogging stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses in Mediterranean conditions such as north of Iran. The tolerance of faba bean to waterlogging may vary between genotypes. This study investigated the effects of 10 days of waterlogging on grain yield for 21 faba bean genotypes at two stages (flowering and pod-filling stages) during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 under farm conditions. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used at three field sites (normal and waterlogging sites). Nine indices of endurance were calculated in normal and waterlogging conditions. The results indicated that waterlogging stress reduced the faba bean grain yield. Also, the negative waterlogging effect at flowering stage is more than pod-filling stage. Correlation coefficients and principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), and stress tolerance index (STI) indices could be effectively used for screening of waterlogging stress tolerant genotypes. Waterlogging was caused to decrease significantly grain yield in all genotypes. According to results of three-dimensional graphs the genotypes G21, G18, G15, G6 and G2 with an average yield 4806, 4815, 4789, 4686 and 4681 kg.ha-1 , respectively, were selected as waterlogging stress tolerance and suitable grain yield under non-stress and waterlogging stress (waterlogging stress in flowering and pod-filling stages) conditions. Therefore, these genotypes can be used as source of genes in faba bean breeding programs to obtain tolerant cultivars and cultivation in the areas under waterlogging stress.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Silicon Foliar Spraying and Nitrogen Application Techniques on Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters of Rice at Different Planting Spaces","authors":"Sarvenaz Yahyazadeh, H. Mobasser, E. R. Petroudi, Alireza Daneshmand","doi":"10.59665/rar4035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4035","url":null,"abstract":"The silicon (Si) foliar application along with timely application of nitrogen (N) can be help to increase the quantity and quality of crops. Also, planting spaces is an agronomic technique that can affect yield and quality of rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Si foliar application and N application techniques on yield components, grain yield and accumulation of Si and N in rice grains at different planting spaces. The experiment was conducted as a split-split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two crop years of 2018 and 2019. The experimental treatments included the main plot assigned to planting spaces (25×10 cm, 20×10 cm), the sub-plot assigned to N application techniques (N application as 33.3% at basal + 33.3% at panicle initiation + 33.3% at full heading, N application as 40% at basal + 40% at panicle initiation + 20% at full heading), and the sub-sub-plot assigned to foliar application of Si (control or non-use of Si, Si foliar application). The results indicated that the reducing planting space (20×10 cm) resulted in an increase in the number of panicle number m–2 by 9.3%, followed by an improvement in grain yield by 9.7% compared with planting distance of 25×10 cm. The plants that received N in three equal splits had higher grain yield (6993.1 kg.ha–1 ). The Si-treated plants showed both higher yield parameters and greater physiological characteristics when compared with control plants. We observed an increase in grain yield (10%), N concentration (7%) and uptake (14.3%) in grain, protein content (6.8%), and nitrogen use efficiency (7.1%) by supplying Si fertilizer. Overall, our results revealed that foliar application of Si could be an effective technique for increasing rice grain yield and improving rice nutritional quality.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Management Trends for Agricultural and Environmental Science","authors":"M. Constantinescu, S. Rodino, A. Buțu, M. Buțu, I. Todirică, M. Popa, R. Chetroiu, N. Sima","doi":"10.59665/rar4039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4039","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plants and is required by them in relatively large quantities. This paper presents an overview of scientific literature related to nitrogen management, with a specific highlight on permanent grasslands and has involved a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature regarding nitrogen management. The analysis was performed using the SCOPUS, which is an extensive database of literature all over the world, with wide coverage in keyword of analysis. For visualization and analysis, VOSviewer 1.6.18 was employed, which is an open access computer program, developed for creating bibliometric maps. The search results were downloaded as full record and citation data, with information related to document type, year of publication, title, author, keywords, abstract, references, funding agency, citations. A number of 3,948 articles were retrieved for analysis. The articles were sorted by relevance. The information was downloaded as .csv file and imported into VOSviewer 1.6.18 application software. Using the search query ”nitrogen management”, ”meadows” and ”pastures” indicated that 90% of the papers retrieved were research articles indexed in agricultural and biological sciences, followed by those in the environmental sciences, with themes of the ecosystem process, environmental management, land use, nitrogen fixation, organic nitrogen, soil structure, soil processing techniques.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Various Soil Quality Parameters and Humus Content Evolution in Conventional and Minimum Tillage Systems","authors":"L. Burtan, Manuel Coronado, C. Sîrbu, Laurențiu Ciornei, I. Todirică, A. Străteanu, M. Popa","doi":"10.59665/rar4046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4046","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was laid out on a Haplic Phaeozem (PH ha) (WRB-SR 2014) characterized by a dark colored mollic A horizon (Am), a cambic B horizon (Bv), and an accumulation calcareous illuviation horizon (Cca) of secondary calcium carbonates which occurs deeper than 125 cm (SRTS, 2012). Clay content in the first 40 cm varies between 39.4 and 42.6%, total nitrogen is 0.186%, available phosphorus soluble in the ammonium acetate lactate solution (PAL) 76 mg/kg, available potassium soluble in the same solution (KAL) 250 mg/kg, and soil reaction (pH) 6.3. The land is slightly uneven, groundwater below 5 m depth. The humus content was average in the beginning of the experimentations after which increases were noticed especially in the upper layer (5-10 cm). Soil humus content evolution following different agricultural technologies use was similar at all three studied depths, with increases in the case of minimum tillage system, but without statistically significant differences as compared to the classic one. Therefore, the various agricultural technological systems must assert the conservation and increase of soil organic matter, respectively the soil humus supply, through their technological chain links.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Behavior of Some Sunflower Hybrids to White Rust (Albugo tragopogonis) under Brăila County Conditions","authors":"A. Chiriac, M. Joița-Păcureanu, L. Rîșnoveanu, S. Cristea","doi":"10.59665/rar4055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4055","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of an extensive study on the behavior of different genotypes of sunflower to solid and liquid fertilizers and plant protection products to the attack of the main parasitic agents, this paper presents the dynamics of Albugo tragopogonis. Symptoms during the asexual phase were expressed, symptoms that became visible as white pustules on the infected plants. Although the tested fungicides were not approved to control this pathogen, a reduction in the development of the pathogen have been observed in the variants where have been applied the fungicides. The best percentage calculated for effectiveness was the fertilization variant Last N (250 g/l N) in two doses where was applied the fungicide Tanos WG (0.4 kg/ha) with 86.96%, followed by the variant Urea 46% N (90 kg/ha a.s.) where was applied the fungicide Sfera 535 SC (0.4 l/ha) with an effectiveness of 78.26%. Even if in 2019 no genotype of the sunflower under study showed symptoms, in 2020 all nine hybrids showed symptoms with different frequencies and intensities. The impact of white rust on Romania commercial sunflower crops has not been determined. Research needs to be done to find possible seed treatment that will keep the disease at bay and protect the sunflower crops.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sorghum Genotypes for Striga (S. hermonthica) Tolerance","authors":"Wilbert Mutezo, M. M. Sedibe","doi":"10.59665/rar4047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4047","url":null,"abstract":"Striga infestation and transmission, and the adverse impact of Striga on crop yield can essentially be diminished through selection of resistant genotypes. The study was carried out to screen sorghum genotypes for Striga hermonthica (Striga) tolerance based on their physiological responses to the parasitic effects of this weed. Seventy-five grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes were subjected to three levels (0 mg, 2.5 mg and 5 mg/pot) of Striga at Rattary Arnold Research Institute in Zimbabwe. One way analysis of variance results show that there were significant difference among genotypes on plant height, chlorophyll content, leaf number, field weight, grain weight, panicle height for Striga*genotype interaction for all the 75 sorghum genotypes (P<0.001). The correlation matrix show that fresh panicle weight and grain dry weight showed a very high correlation (0.948) at P<0.05. Panicle height and fresh panicle weight are highly correlated (0.736) at P<0.05. Similarly, panicle height and grain dry weight were also highly correlated (0.718) at P<0.05. The heatmap analysis shows that 45%, 31% and 24% of the cultivars exhibited high, medium and low plant heights respectively. Chlorophyll content showed that 80% and 20% of the cultivars showed medium and low amounts, respectively. All the 75 genotypes recorded low leaf numbers when compared to the control experiment. It was observed that 25%, 63% and 12% for the genotypes produced high, medium and low fresh panicle weight and dry grain weight values respectively. The panicle size for most (87%) of the genotypes was medium while 13% of the cultivars showed very small sized. Principle component analysis using the scree plot Eigen values shows that the first factor contributes 58% of the cumulative variation. Two principal axes (F1 and F2) were selected, which explained about 74.45% of the total variation. Neighbour-joining hierarchical clustering analysis led to the formation of five groups for Striga*genotype interaction. It can be concluded that Striga hermonthica affects negatively crop morpho-physiologaical aspects such as plant height, chlorophyll content and leaf number as well as yield determining components such as field weight, panicle height which ultimately reduce the yield of sorghum. The existence of high variability in the response to Striga hermonthica infestation in the 75 sorghum genotypes gives the possibility to breeding interventions to improve tolerance to this parasitic weed.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variability, Heritability and Selection of M2 Sorghum Super 2 Mutant Lines Derived from Irradiation Using Gamma Rays","authors":"E. Lestari, I. Dewi, R. Yunita","doi":"10.59665/rar4003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4003","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a potential plant to be developed as food, feed, and industrial raw materials. In Indonesia, sweet sorghum breeding is needed because only five varieties of sweet sorghum have been released. Genetic variability is essential in breeding. Through mutation induction, breeders can increase genetic variability so that new characters superior to their parents can be obtained. This study aimed to analyze the effect of various doses of gamma-ray irradiation on genetic variability in the agronomic character of the M2 population derived from the sweet sorghum Super 2 mutant and to select potential populations for further selection. The research was carried out at Experimental Garden, ICABIOGRAD, in February-June 2021. The material used was selected M2 mutant seeds from mutant populations resulting from gamma-ray irradiation of sorghum’s shoots of Super 2 variety with doses of 40, 50, 60, and 70 Gy. Variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, panicle length, panicle diameter, sugar content, and fresh and dry panicle weights. The results showed that all radiation doses could increase genetic variability in M2 plants compared to their parents. Significant differences in characters between the original parents and the M2 population with a dose of 40 Gy were seen in the top diameter of the stem, panicle length, and sugar content; at a dose of 50 Gy in panicle diameter, sugar content, and fresh panicle weight; at a dose of 60 Gy on plant height, top stem diameter, sugar content, fresh panicle weight; while at a dose of 70 Gy on bottom stem diameter and middle stem diameter. The potential population for further selection based on fresh weight is the irradiated mutant population with a dose of 70 Gy. In pre-analysis using Cluster Gram and 49 mutant genotypes of the 70Gy M2 population, a group of mutants similar to their parent (Super 2 sorghum variety) and the other group that was completely different from their parent was obtained.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}