利用油菜籽残茬化感作用控制杂草及作物管理

IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRONOMY
Farshid Golmaei, Elias Rahimi Petroudi, H. Mobasser, Fazl Shirdel Shahmiri
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引用次数: 0

摘要

种植日期、种植密度和化感特性是作物管理中控制杂草的重要手段。化感作用是指一种植物通过在环境中产生和释放次生代谢物对另一种植物产生直接或间接的抑制或刺激作用。为探讨油菜籽残茬化感作用特性和作物管理对油菜籽杂草防治及产量的影响,分别进行了两项试验。第一个试验在两个农业年(2018-2019年和2019-2020年)在Qarakhil农业研究站(QaemShahr)以随机完全区组设计的因子形式进行,共有3个重复。处理包括:播种日期3个处理水平(10月17日、11月6日和11月26日),种子率3个处理水平(3、5和7 kg /公顷)和杂草管理2个处理水平(有无杂草(对照))。第二项实验于2020年在伊斯兰阿扎德大学QaemShahr分校的研究实验室以完全随机设计的形式进行了三次重复的析因实验。不同浓度的油菜籽根茎提取物(0、25、50、75和100%)分别处理野草[野燕麦(Avena fatua)、茴香草(Lolium temulentum)、蝴蝶兰(phalaris minor)]和芥菜(Sinapis arvensis)]。第一次试验结果表明,总体而言,油菜种子产量受播种日期和密度的影响,延迟播种日期(11月26日)与提前播种日期(10月17日)相比,试验第一年和第二年的油菜种子产量分别下降了49%和59%,第二年下降幅度更大。此外,除10月17日野生燕麦干重最高外,在密度为3 kg /公顷和11月26日栽培时,杂草干重最高。而在两个作物年,密度为每公顷7公斤时,种子产量最高。第2次试验结果表明,油菜根茎提取物对所有杂草的发芽率、发芽率和抑制率均有显著负向影响。而在5%水平下,根提取物和茎提取物的浓度无显著差异。提取液(根和茎)浓度与发芽率和发芽率呈显著的负线性回归关系。抑制率与提取物浓度(根和茎)呈显著的线性正相关。因此,三种杂草种子的萌发和幼苗生长对油菜籽提取物浓度均有负反应,但对野生燕麦种子的敏感性最高。因此,根据研究结果,油菜籽提取物可用于杂草的生物防治。总的来说,两项试验结果表明,种植日期、密度和油菜籽残留量可以有效地控制油菜田杂草。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Weed Control Using Allelopathic Properties of Rapeseed Residues and Crop Management
Planting date, density and allelopathic properties are important tools of crop management in controlling weeds in crops. Allelopathy refers to any direct or indirect inhibitory or stimulating effect of one plant on another through the production and release of secondary metabolites in the environment. Two experiments performed separately, in order to investigate the effect of allelopathic properties of rapeseed residues and crop management on the control of rapeseed weeds and its yield. The first experiment was conducted during two agricultural years (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) in a factorial form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at the Qarakhil agricultural research station (QaemShahr). The treatments were included: planting date in 3 treatment levels (October 17, November 6 and November 26), seed rate in 3 treatment levels (3, 5 and 7 kg per hectare) and weed management in 2 treatment levels presence of weed (no control) and the absence of weed (control). The second experiment was conducted as a factorial in the form of a completely random design in three repetitions in the research laboratory of the Islamic Azad University, QaemShahr branch in 2020. The experimental treatments included weeds [wild oat (Avena fatua), darnel regrass (Lolium temulentum), phalaris (Phalaris minor)] and charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensis)) different concentrations of rapeseed root and stalk extracts (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). The results of the first experiment showed that, in general, the rapeseed seed yield was affected by the planting date and density, so that the rapeseed seed yield on the delayed planting date (November 26) decreased compared to the first planting date (October 17) by 49 and 59 percent, respectively in the first and second year of the experiment, and this decrease was more intense in the second year. Also, the results showed that the highest dry weight of weeds was obtained in both years at a density of three kilograms per hectare and in the cultivation of November 26 (except for the highest dry weight of wild oats that was observed in the cultivation of October 17). While the highest weight of seed yield was obtained in both crop years at a density of 7 kg per hectare. The results of the second experiment showed that the extract obtained from the root and stem of the rape plant had a negative and significant effect on the speed, percentage and inhibition of germination in all weeds. However, no significant difference was observed between the concentration of root and stem extracts at the 5% level. A significant negative linear regression relationship was observed between the concentration of the extract (root and stem) with the percentage and speed of germination. Also, a significant positive linear regression relationship was observed between inhibition percentage and extract concentration (root and stem). Therefore, the germination and seedling growth of the seeds of all three weed species had a negative reaction to the concentration of rapeseed extract, but the highest sensitivity was observed in wild oat seeds. Therefore, according to the results, rapeseed extract can be used in the biological control of weeds. In general, the results of two experiments showed that the planting date, density and rapeseed residues can be used effectively in controlling weeds in rapeseed fields.
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来源期刊
Romanian Agricultural Research
Romanian Agricultural Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
28.60%
发文量
2
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal ROMANIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH is an “open access” one, which publishes original articles, short communications, presenting new scientific results – theoretical, experimental and technical – on plant breeding and genetics, physiology, biotechnology, mineral nutrition and plant protection, in field crops. Reviews on up-to date subjects and recent research, preferably from Eastern Europe, may also be published.
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