Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP最新文献

{"title":"ASPECTS OF IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF CRISIS THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW CHALLENGES FOR POLAND’S SECURITY","authors":"Agnieszka Terczyńska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9120","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, we are dealing with an increasing number of crisis situations. The Covid-19 pandemic,the crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border and the war in Ukraine are examples of very serious crisissituations that the Polish state must deal with. Optimal actions related to crisis response requireoptimization of actions in each phase of crisis management. The first two of them: preparationand prevention are of key importance for the functioning of crisis management entities and theentire environment in the response phase. However, the effort and resources expended at thisstage must be based on the principles of economy. The main purpose of the research, the results ofwhich are presented in the article, is the choice and critical evaluation of selected methods usefulin the implementation of the process related to the proper identification, analysis and assessmentof the risk of threats. The article presents a scientific solution to research problems: Which crisisthreats currently impose the greatest risk? Which methods can be used to identify, analyzeand assess these crisis threats? Which of these methods can make it possible to use the latesttechnological advances? How to adjust the pragmatics of conduct to effectively identify, analyzeand assess risks? The research process considers the latest technological achievements, includingartificial intelligence methods, the increase in computing power and its availability, as well as therequirements stemming from the current complexity of the political and economic and socialenvironment. Methods of analyzing literature, legal acts, normative and available statistical datawere used. The outcome of adopting the utilitarian objective is to identify potential areas of changein the approach to identifying, analyzing and assessing the risk of crisis situations in Poland.","PeriodicalId":495485,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF CITIES IN THE ASPECT OF WAR IN UKRAINE","authors":"Wojciech Więcek, Grzegorz Sobolewski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9117","url":null,"abstract":"Russia, which for many years has been recognised as the second military power in the world,launched a strike against Ukraine on 24 February 2022. This was to be a very quick and efficientoperation intended to demonstrate Russia’s military power and effectiveness. Most expertspredicting potential wars were in agreement that future military operations were all about theneed to forego costly operations, following the principle of winning wars with limited costs.The anticipated type of future war is one of hybrid conflict with an emphasis on the sphere ofinformation, psychological and cyber operations and the clash of new technologies. Unacceptablecosts are primarily the lives of civilians and soldiers. A future military operation is expected tocomprise combat operations conducted in a dynamic, precise and systemic manner with the useof modern military technology.Nonetheless, nothing of the sort has happened; it has been more than a year since the conflicthas begun and its nature considerably differs from all predictions of the assumptions. Cities havebecome the most desirable battle space, which as a consequence resulted in many casualties of warand the devastation of Ukraine’s infrastructure. With this in mind, the primary objective of theresearch was identifying factors that contribute to conducting military operations in built-up areasand outlining pertinent considerations for effective operations in urban areas in the context of theongoing conflict in Ukraine.The main research problem formulated for the purposes of the research being carried out wasexpressed in the form of the following question: Why are urban areas so important in the ongoingconflict in Ukraine, and what are the specifics and factors that affect the effectiveness of operations inbuilt-up areas?For needs of the research it was assumed that cities and built-up areas, as political-administrative,economic, industrial and cultural centres, are gaining in importance. They often serve as nodes ofrailways, roads, airports and seaports and the location of critical infrastructure facilities of the stateand the region. Cities are home to large reserves of skilled human reserves, food, raw materials andfinished industrial products. Moreover, they play an important role in the functioning of the stateas a whole. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine shows that maintaining at all costs the urban complexesthat assure the appropriate functioning of the state (public administration, media, energy, etc.) can determine the success of military operations. This may be confirmed by conclusions drawn froman analysis of recent conflicts of the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries, which indicatethat military operations in a built-up area are becoming dominant.","PeriodicalId":495485,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEMANTIC ATTACK PREVENTION: GENERAL DECISION MODEL AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES","authors":"Dominik Szczepkowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9125","url":null,"abstract":"This publication analyses the vulnerability of entities to socio-technical threats, primarily focusingon semantic attacks. In the present information sphere, which is prominently manifested in theform of social networks, it garners the attention of the majority of individuals. This makes userssusceptible to attacks aimed at extracting key information. The article consists of three parts. Thefirst part introduces the reader to the general issues of semantic threats. Subsequently, using theproposed model, the author analyses the dissymmetry arising from two types of reactions. Thismodel is based on distinguishing between System I, where the subject acts intuitively, and System II,which involves reflection and analysis before decisions are made. The final part of the article presentsvarious preventive measures against semantic attacks. The work is focused on demonstrating variousstrategies for dealing with such attacks. The goal of the publication is to emphasize the importanceof psychological determinants of individual behaviour in the context of functioning in the virtualenvironment and to present prospective preventive approaches intended to minimise semanticthreats. In the development of this article, research methods such as analysis, synthesis, and literaturereview were employed. The results of the conducted research on individuals’ vulnerability tosemantic threats indicate a significant influence of intuitive behaviour on increasing the risk of fallingvictim to such attacks. To reduce this vulnerability, reliance cannot solely be placed on specializedsoftware or tools, as their effectiveness largely depends on human behaviour. Therefore, continuousknowledge expansion as regards those threats through participation in training and the developmentof appropriate habits that promote a more detailed analysis of received content is crucial.","PeriodicalId":495485,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135245720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SENSE OF UNCERTAINTY AS A CRITERION OF HUMAN SECURITY","authors":"Roman Stawicki","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9171","url":null,"abstract":"The sense of uncertainty has become one of the key criteria of human security in the third decade of the 21st century. The relationship between the sense of uncertainty and human security has been presented in the theoretical-cognitive and empirical aspects. The research results described in this publication are only one of the components of the completed research project in 2022. The aim of the research presented in this article was to analyze the impact of uncertainty on human security in the third decade of the 21st century. The first research problem was related to the recognition of the relationship between human security and the uncertainty of the world on the basis of the existing sources. The second and the third one concerned the structuring and validation of the index of uncertainty in the area of personal security. The analysis of the obtained field research results showed how important it was to diagnose human and design human security based on social practice, which was reflected in the final conclusions.","PeriodicalId":495485,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYBER SECURITY AND OTHER DETERMINANTS OF THE INTERNETIZATION OF LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL MAGAZINES","authors":"Anna Gołębiowska, Dariusz Prokopowicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9119","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this article was to point out the growing importance of the issue of cybersecurityin the use of new Internet media in the development of electronic local and local governmentmagazines. This article identifies the importance and impact of the development of new onlinemedia in the process of digitization of documents and the development of electronic, digital versionsof local and self-government magazines. In the context of the conducted research, the followingresearch thesis was formulated: The development of cybercrime related to the theft of sensitivedata on the Internet defines the need for continuous improvement of cybersecurity techniques andinstruments. Improving the cybersecurity in the use of new Internet media is an important factorin the development of electronic and online local and self-government magazines. New onlinemedia, including social media, have become one of the key factors in the current information andsocial globalization. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic significantly accelerated the processesof digitization of the economy and the Internetization of remote communication processes. Theconclusions from the conducted research confirm the main research thesis. The analysis proves thatthere is a fundamental relationship between the improvement of cybersecurity techniques and theprocess of digitization and Internetization of the media, including press media. The article indicatesthe growing importance of cybersecurity in the use of new Internet media in the development ofelectronic local and local government magazines. The considerations and results of the analysescontained in the article confirm the thesis that the development of cybercriminal theft of sensitivedata on the Internet forces the need for continuous improvement of cybersecurity techniques andinstruments. Improvement of the cybersecurity in the use of new Internet media also concerns thedevelopment of electronic and online local and self-government magazines. The text shows theimportance of the role of the Coronavirus pandemic, which occurred in March 2020, in acceleratingthe process of the Internetization of journals.","PeriodicalId":495485,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELECTRONIC AGGRESSION AND CYBERBULLYING AS A SOCIAL THREAT - CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHENOMENON AND EDUCATION FOR ONLINE SAFETY","authors":"Magdalena Szumiec","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9128","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years one can observe a dynamic development of modern technologies, especially in thearea of the media. A special place and role among them are occupied by the Internet, which is aninseparable element of practicallyevery area of human functioning. It should be borne in mind thatapart fromundeniable benefits, the Internet is also a source of many threats. The aim of the article isto identify the scale of the phenomenon of cyberbullying and to indicate to what extent individualcategories of threats concern respondents. Thanks to the conducted research, it was possible toidentify the leading causes of this phenomenon and present their consequences. In addition, thearticle contains suggestions for preventive measures aimed at increasing online security.","PeriodicalId":495485,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPPORTUNITIES OF ADAPTING SPECTRAL IMAGERY IN RESCUE SERVICES OF THE NATIONAL FIRE AND RESCUE SYSTEM","authors":"Marcin Kamil Olejnik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9124","url":null,"abstract":"The tasks carried out by the National Rescue and Firefighting System (KSRG) require highflexibility of the units of this system. In the event of a crisis over a large area, it may be necessaryto map the crisis area in order to provide assistance effectively, but a simple orthophoto map maynot be sufficient. Bearing in mind the possibility of various threats, the publication analyses thepossibility of using spectral imagery for analyses and mapping of areas affected by a crisis situationto improve the activities provided by the National Rescue and Firefighting System, especially in thecontext of activities provided outside Poland on the basis of international agreements, and so alsoin cases of natural disasters that do not threaten Poland.","PeriodicalId":495485,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMS OF REFUGEE PROTECTION AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE SENSE OF SECURITY OF POLAND’S CITIZENS","authors":"Sylwia Bernatek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9118","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the topic of refugees and their impact on society. It analyses both the refugeeprotection system and the scale of applying for and granting shelter to foreigners in Poland.Simultaneously, it draws attention to social attitudes and opinions on the reception of refugees andtheir possible impact on state security. The conclusions of the study point to a variety of perspectivesand diverse approaches to this issue. The integration of refugees may bring opportunities for thecountry, but it also raises fears and controversies among the society regarding this topic. Thearticle shows the complexity and multifaceted nature of the topic of refugees and their impacton the society. The theoretical analysis and empirical research provide valuable information thatcan contribute to a better understanding of migration and effective management of the refugeeadmission process in Poland. For the implementation of the research process, the followingspecific problems have been identified: 1) What is the theoretical basis for the refugee protectionsystem? 2) What is the scale of applying for and granting shelter to foreigners in Poland? 3) Whatare the social opinions on the formation of a sense of security in connection with the presence ofrefugees on the territory of the Republic of Poland? Within the theoretical and cognitive methods,analysis and synthesis were applied, while for empirical research applied were the diagnosticsurvey method and inference.","PeriodicalId":495485,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}