SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems最新文献

{"title":"Graph-Based Sufficient Conditions for the Indistinguishability of Linear Compartmental Models","authors":"Cashous Bortner, Nicolette Meshkat","doi":"10.1137/23m1614663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1614663","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 2179-2207, September 2024. <br/> Abstract.An important problem in biological modeling is choosing the right model. Given experimental data, one is supposed to find the best mathematical representation to describe the real-world phenomena. However, there may not be a unique model representing that real-world phenomena. Two distinct models could yield the same exact dynamics. In this case, these models are called indistinguishable. In this work, we consider the indistinguishability problem for linear compartmental models, which are used in many areas, such as pharmacokinetics, physiology, cell biology, toxicology, and ecology. We exhibit sufficient conditions for indistinguishability for models with a certain graph structure: paths from input to output with “detours.” The benefit of applying our results is that indistinguishability can be proven using only the graph structure of the models, without the use of any symbolic computation. This can be very helpful for medium-to-large sized linear compartmental models. These are the first sufficient conditions for the indistinguishability of linear compartmental models based on graph structure alone, as previously only necessary conditions for indistinguishability of linear compartmental models existed based on graph structure alone. We prove our results by showing that the indistinguishable models are the same up to a renaming of parameters, which we call permutation indistinguishability.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mathematical Model of the Visual MacKay Effect","authors":"Cyprien Tamekue, Dario Prandi, Yacine Chitour","doi":"10.1137/23m1616686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1616686","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 2138-2178, September 2024. <br/> Abstract.This paper investigates the intricate connection between visual perception and the mathematical modeling of neural activity in the primary visual cortex (V1). The focus is on modeling the visual MacKay effect [D. M. MacKay, Nature, 180 (1957), pp. 849–850]. While bifurcation theory has been a prominent mathematical approach for addressing issues in neuroscience, especially in describing spontaneous pattern formations in V1 due to parameter changes, it faces challenges in scenarios with localized sensory inputs. This is evident, for instance, in MacKay’s psychophysical experiments, where the redundancy of visual stimuli information results in irregular shapes, making bifurcation theory and multiscale analysis less effective. To address this, we follow a mathematical viewpoint based on the input-output controllability of an Amari-type neural fields model. In this framework, we consider sensory input as a control function, a cortical representation via the retino-cortical map of the visual stimulus that captures its distinct features. This includes highly localized information in the center of MacKay’s funnel pattern “MacKay rays.” From a control theory point of view, the Amari-type equation’s exact controllability property is discussed for linear and nonlinear response functions. For the visual MacKay effect modeling, we adjust the parameter representing intra-neuron connectivity to ensure that cortical activity exponentially stabilizes to the stationary state in the absence of sensory input. Then, we perform quantitative and qualitative studies to demonstrate that they capture all the essential features of the induced after-image reported by MacKay.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nucleation-Annihilation Dynamics of Hotspot Patterns for a Reaction-Diffusion System of Urban Crime with Police Deployment","authors":"Chunyi Gai, Michael J. Ward","doi":"10.1137/23m1562330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1562330","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 2018-2060, September 2024. <br/> Abstract. A hybrid asymptotic-numerical approach is developed to study the existence and linear stability of steady-state hotspot patterns for a three-component one-dimensional reaction-diffusion (RD) system that models urban crime with police intervention. Our analysis is focused on a new scaling regime in the RD system where there are two distinct competing mechanisms of hotspot annihilation and creation that, when coincident in a parameter space, lead to complex spatio-temporal dynamics of hotspot patterns. Hotspot annihilation events are shown numerically to be triggered by an asynchronous oscillatory instability of the hotspot amplitudes that arises from a secondary instability on the branch of periodic solutions that emerges from a Hopf bifurcation of the steady-state solution. In addition, hotspots can be nucleated from a quiescent background when the criminal diffusivity is below a saddle-node bifurcation threshold of hotspot equilibria, which we estimate from our asymptotic analysis. To investigate instabilities of hotspot steady states, the spectrum of the linearization around a two-boundary hotspot pattern is computed, and instability thresholds due to either zero-eigenvalue crossings or Hopf bifurcations are shown. The bifurcation software pde2path is used to follow the branch of periodic solutions and detect the onset of the secondary instability. Overall, these results provide a phase diagram in parameter space where distinct types of dynamical behaviors occur. In one region of this phase diagram, where the police diffusivity is small, a two-boundary hotspot steady state is unstable to an asynchronous oscillatory instability in the hotspot amplitudes. This instability typically triggers a nonlinear process leading to the annihilation of one of the hotspots. However, for parameter values where this instability is coincident with the nonexistence of a one-hotspot steady state, we show that hotspot patterns undergo complex “nucleation-annihilation” dynamics that are characterized by large-scale persistent oscillations of the hotspot amplitudes. In this way, our results identify parameter ranges in the three-component crime model where the effect of police intervention is to simply displace crime between adjacent hotspots and where new crime hotspots regularly emerge “spontaneously” from regions that were previously free of crime. More generally, it is suggested that when these annihilation and nucleation mechanisms are coincident for other multihotspot patterns, the problem of predicting the spatial-temporal distribution of crime is largely intractable.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141865110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic Energy-Balance Model With A Moving Ice Line","authors":"Ilya Pavlyukevich, Marian Ritsch","doi":"10.1137/23m1619873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1619873","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 2061-2098, September 2024. <br/> Abstract.In [SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 12 (2013), pp. 2068–2092], Widiasih proposed and analyzed a deterministic one-dimensional Budyko–Sellers energy-balance model with a moving ice line. In this paper, we extend this model to the stochastic setting and analyze it within the framework of stochastic slow-fast systems. We derive the dynamics for the ice line in the limit of a small parameter as a solution to a stochastic differential equation. The stochastic approach enables the study of co-existing (metastable) climate states as well as the transition dynamics between them.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141865182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Geometric Singular Perturbation Analysis of Shock Selection Rules in Composite Regularized Reaction-Nonlinear Diffusion Models","authors":"Bronwyn H. Bradshaw-Hajek, Ian Lizarraga, Robert Marangell, Martin Wechselberger","doi":"10.1137/23m1591803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1591803","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 2099-2137, September 2024. <br/> Abstract.Reaction-nonlinear diffusion partial differential equations (RND PDEs) have recently been developed as a powerful and flexible modeling tool in order to investigate the emergence of steep fronts in biological and ecological contexts. In this work, we demonstrate the utility and scope of regularization as a technique to investigate the existence and uniqueness of steep-fronted traveling wave solutions in RND PDE models with forward-backward-forward diffusion. In a recent work (see [Y. Li et al., Phys. D, 423 (2021), 132916]), geometric singular perturbation theory (GSPT) was introduced as a framework to analyze these regularized RND PDEs. Using the GSPT toolbox, different regularizations were shown to give rise to distinct families of monotone steep-fronted traveling waves which limit to their shock-fronted singular counterparts, obeying either the equal area or extremal area (i.e., algebraic decay) rules that are well known in the shockwave literature. In this work, we extend those earlier results by showing that composite regularizations can be used to construct families of monotone shock-fronted traveling waves sweeping out distinct generalized area rules, which smoothly interpolate between these two extremal rules for shock selection. Our analysis blends Melnikov methods—including a new variant of the method which can be applied to autonomous piecewise-smooth systems—with GSPT techniques applied to the traveling wave problem of the regularized RND model over distinct spatiotemporal scales. We further demonstrate using numerical continuation that our composite model supports more exotic shock-fronted solutions, namely, nonmonotone shock-fronted waves as well as shock-fronted waves containing slow tails in the aggregation (backward diffusion) regime. We complement these existence results with a numerical spectral stability analysis of some of these new “interpolated” steep-fronted waves. Using techniques from geometric spectral stability theory, our numerical results suggest that the monotone families remain spectrally stable in the “interpolation” regime, which extends recent stability results by some of the authors in [I. Lizarraga and R. Marangell, Phys. D, 460 (2024), 134069], [I. Lizarraga and R. Marangell, J. Nonlinear Sci., 33 (2023), 82]. The multiple-scale nature of the composite regularized RND PDE model continues to play an important role in the numerical analysis of the spatial eigenvalue problem.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141865181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rigorous Computation of Solutions of Semilinear PDEs on Unbounded Domains via Spectral Methods","authors":"Matthieu Cadiot, Jean-Philippe Lessard, Jean-Christophe Nave","doi":"10.1137/23m1607507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1607507","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 1966-2017, September 2024. <br/> Abstract.In this article we present a general method to rigorously prove existence of strong solutions to a large class of autonomous semilinear PDEs in a Hilbert space [math] ([math]) via computer-assisted proofs. Our approach is fully spectral and uses Fourier series to approximate functions in [math] as well as bounded linear operators from [math] to [math]. In particular, we construct approximate inverses of differential operators via Fourier series approximations. Combining this construction with a Newton–Kantorovich approach, we develop a numerical method to prove existence of strong solutions. To do so, we introduce a finite-dimensional trace theorem from which we build smooth functions with support on a hypercube. The method is then generalized to systems of PDEs with extra equations/parameters, such as eigenvalue problems. As an application, we prove the existence of a traveling wave (soliton) in the Kawahara equation in [math] as well as eigenpairs of the linearization about the soliton. These results allow us to prove the stability of the aforementioned traveling wave.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transverse Lyapunov Exponent and Chimeras in Globally Coupled Maps","authors":"Théophile Caby, Pierre Guiraud","doi":"10.1137/23m1603339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1603339","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 1946-1965, September 2024. <br/> Abstract.We study the stability properties and the long-term dynamics of chimeras in systems of globally coupled maps. In particular, we establish a formula for the transverse Lyapunov exponent of the states of the system containing synchronized units. We use this formula to present numerical evidence of attracting chimeras having chaotic dynamics as well as periodic behaviors. We also show that, at least for polynomial local maps, attracting periodic cycles tend to belong to cluster spaces, and, more generally, limit sets of chimera orbits have zero Lebesgue measure for strong coupling regimes.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate and Bifurcation Induced Transitions in Asymptotically Slow-Fast Systems","authors":"Samuel Jelbart","doi":"10.1137/24m1632000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/24m1632000","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 1836-1869, September 2024. <br/> Abstract.This work provides a geometric approach to the study of bifurcation and rate induced transitions in a class of nonautonomous systems referred to herein as asymptotically slow-fast systems, which may be viewed as “intermediate” between the (smaller, resp., larger) classes of asymptotically autonomous and nonautonomous systems. After showing that the relevant systems can be viewed as singular perturbations of a limiting system with a discontinuity in time, we develop an analytical framework for their analysis based on geometric blow-up techniques. We then provide sufficient conditions for the occurrence of bifurcation and rate induced transitions in low dimensions, as well as sufficient conditions for “tracking” in arbitrary (finite) dimensions, i.e., the persistence of an attracting and normally hyperbolic manifold through the transitionary regime. The proofs rely on geometric blow-up, a variant of the Melnikov method which applies on noncompact domains, and general invariant manifold theory. The formalism is applicable in arbitrary (finite) dimensions, and for systems with forward and backward attractors characterized by nontrivial (i.e., nonconstant) dependence on time. The results are demonstrated for low dimensional applications.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141721243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inertial Focusing Dynamics of Spherical Particles in Curved Microfluidic Ducts with a Trapezoidal Cross Section","authors":"Brendan Harding, Yvonne M. Stokes, Rahil N. Valani","doi":"10.1137/23m1613220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1613220","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 1805-1835, September 2024. <br/> Abstract.Inertial focusing in curved microfluidic ducts exploits the interaction of the drag force from the Dean flow with the inertial lift force to separate particles or cells laterally across the cross-section width according to their size. Experimental work has identified that using a trapezoidal cross section, as opposed to a rectangular one, can enhance the sized based separation of particles/cells over a wide range of flow rates. Using our model, derived by carefully examining the way the Dean drag and inertial lift forces interact at low flow rates, we calculate the leading order approximation of these forces for a range of trapezoidal ducts, both vertically symmetric and nonsymmetric, with an increasing amount of skew towards the outside wall. We then conduct a systematic study to examine the bifurcations in the particle equilbira that occur with respect to a shape parameter characterizing the trapezoidal cross section. We reveal how the dynamics associated with particle migration are modified by the degree of skew in the cross-section shape, and show the existence of cusp bifurcations (with the bend radius as a second parameter). Additionally, our investigation suggests an optimal amount of skew for the trapezoidal cross section for the purposes of maximizing particle separation over a wide range of bend radii.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighted Birkhoff Averages and the Parameterization Method","authors":"David Blessing, J. D. Mireles James","doi":"10.1137/23m1579546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/23m1579546","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 1766-1804, September 2024. <br/> Abstract. This work provides a systematic recipe for computing accurate high order Fourier expansions of quasiperiodic invariant circles (and systems of such circles) in area preserving maps. The recipe requires only a finite data set sampled from the quasiperiodic circle. Our approach, being based on the parameterization method of [A. Haro and R. de la Llave, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 6 (2007), pp. 142–207; A. Haro and R. de la Llave, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 6 (2006), pp. 1261–1300; A. Haro and R. de la Llave, J. Differential Equations, 228 (2006), pp. 530–579], uses a Newton scheme to iteratively solve a conjugacy equation describing the invariant circle (or systems of circles). A critical step in properly formulating the conjugacy equation is to determine the rotation number of the quasiperiodic subsystem. For this we exploit the weighted Birkhoff averaging method of [S. Das et al., Nonlinearity, 30 (2017), pp. 4111–4140; S. Das et al., The Foundations of Chaos Revisited, Springer, Cham, 2016, pp. 103–118; S. Das and J. A. Yorke, Nonlinearity, 31 (2018), pp. 491–501]. This approach facilities accurate computation of the rotation number given nothing but the already mentioned orbit data. The weighted Birkhoff averages also facilitate the computation of other integral observables like Fourier coefficients of the parameterization of the invariant circle. Since, the parameterization method is based on a Newton scheme, we only need to approximate a small number of Fourier coefficients with low accuracy (say, a few correct digits) to find a good enough initial approximation so that Newton converges. Moreover, the Fourier coefficients may be computed independently, so we can sample the higher modes to guess the decay rate of the Fourier coefficients. This allows us to choose, a priori, an appropriate number of modes in the truncation. We illustrate the utility of the approach for explicit example systems including the area preserving Hénon map and the standard map (polynomial and trigonometric nonlinearity respectively). We present example computations for invariant circles and for systems of invariant circles with as many as 120 components. We also employ a numerical continuation scheme (where the rotation number is the continuation parameter) to compute large numbers of quasiperiodic circles in these systems. During the continuation we monitor the Sobolev norm of the parameterization, as explained in [R. Calleja and R. de la Llave, Nonlinearity, 23 (2010), pp. 2029–2058], to automatically detect the breakdown of the family.","PeriodicalId":49534,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}