Silva Fennica最新文献_第9页

Silva Fennica’s latest quarter centennial publishing Silva Fennica最新的25周年纪念出版

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10122

E. Korpilahti

引用次数: 0

Geographic variations of wood properties of Larix sibirica naturally grown in Mongolia 蒙古天然落叶松木材特性的地理变异

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10002

Bayasaa Tumenjargal, F. Ishiguri, Haruna Aiso-Sanada, Yusuke Takahashi, Bayartsetseg Baasan, Ganbaatar Chultem, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota

{"title":"Geographic variations of wood properties of Larix sibirica naturally grown in Mongolia","authors":"Bayasaa Tumenjargal, F. Ishiguri, Haruna Aiso-Sanada, Yusuke Takahashi, Bayartsetseg Baasan, Ganbaatar Chultem, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota","doi":"10.14214/SF.10002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10002","url":null,"abstract":"Geographic variations in growth, stress-wave velocity of stem, dynamic Young’s modulus of stems and logs, annual ring width, latewood percentage and basic density were investigated for Larix sibirica (Münchh.) Ledeb. naturally grown in Mongolia. A total of 250 trees with 20 to 30 cm in stem diameter at a height of 1.3 m above ground level were selected from each natural stand in five different provenances in Mongolia. In addition, five trees in each stand were cut for measuring dynamic Young’s modulus of stems and logs, annual ring width, latewood percentage and basic density. Mean values of stress-wave velocity of stems in each stand ranged from 2.92 to 3.41 km s–1, and the mean value of five stands was 3.23 km s–1. Mean values of dynamic Young’s modulus of logs in each stand ranged from 5.17 to 9.72 GPa. A significant correlation (r = 0.798, p < 0.01) was found between stress-wave velocity of stems and dynamic Young’s modulus of logs. Among the five stands, the highest and the lowest values of average annual ring number were 193 and 44, respectively. Mean values of basic density in five trees within each stand were examined and ranged from 0.52 to 0.56 g cm–3. Significant differences among five stands were found in tree height, stress-wave velocity of stem, dynamic Young’s modulus of stems and logs, annual ring width and latewood percentage, suggesting that L. sibirica trees naturally grown in Mongolia have geographic variations in mechanical properties of wood.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Combined effects of provenance and slow-release fertilizer on nursery and field performance of yellowhorn seedlings 种源与缓释肥料对黄角苗圃和田间生产性能的联合影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10034

Y. Ao, P. Hirst, Guolei Li, Yahui Miao, Runzhe Zhang

{"title":"Combined effects of provenance and slow-release fertilizer on nursery and field performance of yellowhorn seedlings","authors":"Y. Ao, P. Hirst, Guolei Li, Yahui Miao, Runzhe Zhang","doi":"10.14214/SF.10034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10034","url":null,"abstract":"Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) has been widely planted for biodiesel production in China, but has frequently shown poor field performance. Container-grown yellowhorn seedlings originating from three Chinese provenances, Wengniute Qi (WQ), Alukeerqin Qi (AQ), and Shanxian (SX), were fertilized with slow-release fertilizer (SRF) at 40, 80, 120, 160 or 200 mg N seedling–1. Tree growth, survival and nutrient content were measured after one year’s growth in a greenhouse followed by two years in a field site. Plants from AQ and SX tended to have higher stem and root P contents in the nursery. Higher rates of SRF increased root N, and stem and root P contents. After one year in the nursery, there were a number of interactions between provenance and SRF for plant growth responses and nutrient content in the nursery, however after two years of additional growth in the field, plants from the different provenances generally responded similarly to applied SRF in the nursery, with few interactions. Final plant height was approximately 10% lower in trees from provenance SX but was not affected by application of SRF. Conversely, final trunk diameter and stem and root biomass were unaffected by provenance but increased with higher rates of applied SRF. Our results indicate that application of SRF may be a useful tool to nutrient load yellowhorn in the nursery and facilitate transplanting performance in the field. Overall, optimal nursery and field performance of yellowhorn were observed in provenance AQ at 120–200 mg N seedling–1 SRF. We suggest that growers consider a wider range of yellowhorn provenances and SRF rates (above 200 mg N seedling–1) to yield even better growth response.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Factors affecting windstorm damage at the stand level in hemiboreal forests in Latvia: case study of 2005 winter storm 拉脱维亚半北方森林林分水平影响风暴破坏的因素:2005年冬季风暴案例研究

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10009

J. Donis, Māra Kitenberga, G. Šņepsts, Edgars Dubrovskis, Ā. Jansons

{"title":"Factors affecting windstorm damage at the stand level in hemiboreal forests in Latvia: case study of 2005 winter storm","authors":"J. Donis, Māra Kitenberga, G. Šņepsts, Edgars Dubrovskis, Ā. Jansons","doi":"10.14214/SF.10009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10009","url":null,"abstract":"In managed European hemiboreal forests, windstorms have a notable ecological and socioeconomic impact. In this study, stand properties affecting windstorm damage occurrence at the stand-level were assessed using a Generalized Linear Mixed model. After 2005 windstorm, 5959 stands dominated by birch (Betula spp.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), with mean height > 10 m were inventoried. Windstorm damage was positively associated with spruce and pine-dominated stands, increasing mean height, fresh forest edges, decreasing time since the last thinning and stronger wind gusts. Tree species composition – mixed or monodominant – was not statistically significant in the model; while, the admixture of spruce in the canopy layer was positively associated with higher windstorm damage. Stands on peat soils were more damaged than stands on mineral soils. Birch stands were more damaged than pine stands. This information could be used in forest management planning, selection of silvicultural treatments to increase forest resilience to natural disturbances.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Models for diameter and height growth of Scots pine, Norway spruce and pubescent birch in drained peatland sites in Finland 芬兰排水泥炭地地区苏格兰松、挪威云杉和短毛桦树的直径和高度生长模型

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10055

J. Repola, H. Hökkä, H. Salminen

{"title":"Models for diameter and height growth of Scots pine, Norway spruce and pubescent birch in drained peatland sites in Finland","authors":"J. Repola, H. Hökkä, H. Salminen","doi":"10.14214/SF.10055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10055","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to develop individual-tree diameter and height growth models for Scots pine, Norway spruce, and pubescent birch growing in drained peatlands in Finland. Trees growing in peatland sites have growth patterns that deviate from that of trees growing in mineral soil sites. Five-year growth was explained by tree diameter, different tree and stand level competition measures, management operations and site characteristics. The drainage status of the site was influencing growth directly or in interaction with other variables. Site quality had a direct impact but was also commonly related to current site drainage status (need for ditch maintenance). Recent thinning increased growth of all species and former PK fertilization increased growth of pine and birch. Temperature sum was a significant predictor in all models and altitude for spruce and birch. The data were a subsample of the 7th National Forest Inventory (NFI) sample plots representing northern and southern Finland and followed by repeated measurements for 15–20 yrs. Growth levels predicted by the models were calibrated using NFI11 data to remove bias originating from the sample of the modelling data. The mixed linear models technique was used in model estimation. The models will be incorporated into the MOTTI stand simulator to replace the current peatlands growth models.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Genetic diversity and differentiation of the riparian relict tree Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae) along altitudinal gradients in the Hyrcanian forest (Iran). 伊朗海卡尼亚森林沿海拔梯度的滨岸残树木蕨的遗传多样性和分化。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10000

H. Yousefzadeh, R. Rajaei, A. Jasińska, Ł. Walas, Y. Fragnière, G. Kozlowski

{"title":"Genetic diversity and differentiation of the riparian relict tree Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae) along altitudinal gradients in the Hyrcanian forest (Iran).","authors":"H. Yousefzadeh, R. Rajaei, A. Jasińska, Ł. Walas, Y. Fragnière, G. Kozlowski","doi":"10.14214/SF.10000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10000","url":null,"abstract":"Riparian trees, especially relict trees, are attractive and important for research to understand both past and recent biogeographical and evolutionary processes. Our work is the first study to elucidate the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of the canopy-dominating riparian Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae) along two altitudinal gradients in different river systems of the Hyrcanian forest, which is one of the most important refugium of relict trees in Western Eurasia. Altitudinal gradients were chosen along two river systems at 100, 400 and 900 m a.s.l. Leaf samples were collected from 116 trees, and the genetic diversity was evaluated with eight SSR markers. Overall, 39 alleles were identified for all of the populations studied. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) varied from 0.79 to 0.87 (with a mean of 0.83). The results of the AMOVA analysis indicated that the variation within populations was 88%, whereas the variation among populations was 12% for all of the gradients. A structure analysis indicated that 93% of the trees were grouped in the same gradient. The genetic distance based on Fst confirmed the structure result and indicated a high rate of gene flow among the investigated populations. Based on high gene flow (low differentiation of the population along the same river) and the clearly distinct genetic structure of the investigated gradients, it can be concluded that rivers are the main seed dispersal vector among P. fraxinifolia populations. The genetic diversity of P. fraxinifolia did not show any trend from upstream to downstream. The high level of gene flow and uniform genetic diversity along each river suggest the “classical” metapopulation structure of the species.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A spectral analysis of 25 boreal tree species 25种北方树种的光谱分析

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2017-09-12 DOI: 10.14214/SF.7753

A. Hovi, Pekka Raitio, M. Rautiainen

{"title":"A spectral analysis of 25 boreal tree species","authors":"A. Hovi, Pekka Raitio, M. Rautiainen","doi":"10.14214/SF.7753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.7753","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral libraries have a fundamental role in the development of interpretation methods for airborne and satellite-borne remote sensing data. This paper presents to-date the largest spectral measurement campaign of boreal tree species. Reflectance and transmittance spectra of over 600 leaf and needle samples from 25 species were measured in the Helsinki area (Finland) using integrating sphere systems attached to an ASD FieldSpec 4 spectroradiometer. Factors influencing the spectra and red edge inflection point (REIP) were quantified using one-way analysis of variance. Tree species differed most in the shortwave-infrared (1500–2500 nm) and least in the visible (400–700 nm) wavelength region. Species belonging to same genera showed similar spectral characteristics. Upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) leaf sides differed most in the visible region. Canopy position (sunlit/shaded) had a minor role in explaining spectral variation. For evergreen conifers, current and previous year needles differed in their spectra, current-year needles resembling those of broadleaved and deciduous conifers. Two broadleaved species were monitored throughout the growing season (May–October), and two conifers were measured twice during summer (June, September). Rapid changes were observed in the spectra in early spring and late autumn, whereas seasonal variations during summer months were relatively small for both broadleaved and coniferous species. Based on our results, shortwave-infrared seems promising in separating tree species, although it is to-date least studied. The spectral library reported here (Version 1.0) is publicly available through the SPECCHIO Spectral Information System.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43130749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine 树干环剥对苏格兰松木质部和韧皮部形成的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1760

Marek Fajstavr, K. Giagli, H. Vavrčík, V. Gryc, J. Urban

{"title":"The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine","authors":"Marek Fajstavr, K. Giagli, H. Vavrčík, V. Gryc, J. Urban","doi":"10.14214/SF.1760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.1760","url":null,"abstract":"Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a resilient, wide spread species. This paper reports on the xylem and phloem cell formation process, before and after, the species was put under artificial stress by stem girdling. Microcore method was applied to a healthy control group and a standing group of girdled trees within an 80-year-old pine forest for two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014). The stem girdling was applied in the middle of the first growing season (July 2013). Cambial activity timings (onset and cessation of cell division), cell formation intensity, cell differentiation, and the dynamics of the annual radial increment in the stem were analyzed. Cambial activity was inhibited and eventually ceased below the stem girdling immediately after the removal of the strip. Therefore, no latewood tracheids were formed. However, above the stem girdling and in the control trees, cell formation and tissue differentiation continued until the end of the growing season, with the girdled trees moving at a less intensive pace but for a longer period of time. During the following growing season (2014), the cambial zone was reactivated only above the stem girdling, not below, and eventually the girdled trees died. In 2014, the onset of the cambial activity was delayed and the division rate of the cells was slower in the girdled trees. Furthermore, the girdled trees formed less phloem cells than the control trees.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49647567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Molecular identification of bamboo genera and species based on RAPD-RFLP markers 基于RAPD-RFLP标记的竹属种分子鉴定

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2017-08-25 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1691

E. R. Konzen, Raquel Peron, M. Ito, G. E. Brondani, S. Tsai

{"title":"Molecular identification of bamboo genera and species based on RAPD-RFLP markers","authors":"E. R. Konzen, Raquel Peron, M. Ito, G. E. Brondani, S. Tsai","doi":"10.14214/SF.1691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.1691","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo species have a very significant ecological and economic impact. Determining morphological and genetic differences among bamboo genera and species are crucial to explore desirable traits for breeding purposes. Several advances have been made in the taxonomy of bamboos by using molecular fingerprinting tools and next generation sequencing technologies. Nevertheless, classical molecular markers such as RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA), AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) also provide an accurate discrimination among genera and species. Moreover, the RAPD-RFLP (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method, in which amplification products from RAPD are digested with restriction enzymes, is a reliable, fast and cost-effective method for fingerprinting. RAPD-RFLP has been scarcely used in the literature and no report regarding bamboo taxonomy is available with this method. Here we explored the molecular (RAPD, RAPD-RFLP) variation among genera (Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, Guadua and Phyllostachys) and species of bamboo cultivated in Brazil. Both molecular markers allowed clear distinction among the genera studied. Moreover, high cophenetic correlation values in UPGMA clusters indicated their potential for discriminating bamboo species. The digestion of RAPD products (RFLP) resulted in high number of polymorphic bands and produced very characteristic profiles for each genus with three enzyme combinations (HindIII/HaeIII, HinfI/RsaI, and single digestion with MspI). We recommend RAPD-RFLP as a reproducible and informative method for screening differences among genera, species and varieties of bamboos. Providing a cost-effective and accurate method for species identification and characterization is straightforward for bamboo conservation, management and breeding.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41873809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Allometric equations for below-ground biomass of four key woody species in West African savanna-woodlands 西非稀树草原林地四种主要木本植物地下生物量的异速生长方程

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2017-05-22 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1631

J. Koala, L. Sawadogo, P. Savadogo, E. Aynekulu, J. Heiskanen, M. Said

{"title":"Allometric equations for below-ground biomass of four key woody species in West African savanna-woodlands","authors":"J. Koala, L. Sawadogo, P. Savadogo, E. Aynekulu, J. Heiskanen, M. Said","doi":"10.14214/SF.1631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.1631","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimates of both above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) are essential for estimating carbon (C) balances at various geographical scales and formulating effective climate change mitigation programs. However, estimating BGB is challenging, particularly for forest ecosystems, so robust allometric equations are needed. To obtain such equations for savanna-woodlands of the West African north sudanian zone, we selected four common native woody species (Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr., Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr., Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. and Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.). At two sites in Burkina Faso, we determined the BGB of 30 trees of each of these species by excavation, and measured various above-ground dimensional variables. The root:shoot ratio varied widely among the species, from 0.1 to 3.4. Depending on the species, allometric equations based on stem basal area at 20 cm height, basal area at breast height and tree height explained 50–95% of the variation in BGB. The best generic equation we obtained, based on basal area at 20 cm, explained 60% of the variation in BGB across the species. Three previously published generic allometric equations underestimated BGB by 8 to 63%. The presented equations should significantly improve the accuracy of BGB estimates in savanna-woodlands and help avoid costly needs to excavate root systems.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48632227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15