Silva Fennica最新文献_第10页

Allometric equations for below-ground biomass of four key woody species in West African savanna-woodlands 西非稀树草原林地四种主要木本植物地下生物量的异速生长方程

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2017-05-22 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1631

J. Koala, L. Sawadogo, P. Savadogo, E. Aynekulu, J. Heiskanen, M. Said

{"title":"Allometric equations for below-ground biomass of four key woody species in West African savanna-woodlands","authors":"J. Koala, L. Sawadogo, P. Savadogo, E. Aynekulu, J. Heiskanen, M. Said","doi":"10.14214/SF.1631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.1631","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimates of both above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) are essential for estimating carbon (C) balances at various geographical scales and formulating effective climate change mitigation programs. However, estimating BGB is challenging, particularly for forest ecosystems, so robust allometric equations are needed. To obtain such equations for savanna-woodlands of the West African north sudanian zone, we selected four common native woody species (Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr., Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr., Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. and Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.). At two sites in Burkina Faso, we determined the BGB of 30 trees of each of these species by excavation, and measured various above-ground dimensional variables. The root:shoot ratio varied widely among the species, from 0.1 to 3.4. Depending on the species, allometric equations based on stem basal area at 20 cm height, basal area at breast height and tree height explained 50–95% of the variation in BGB. The best generic equation we obtained, based on basal area at 20 cm, explained 60% of the variation in BGB across the species. Three previously published generic allometric equations underestimated BGB by 8 to 63%. The presented equations should significantly improve the accuracy of BGB estimates in savanna-woodlands and help avoid costly needs to excavate root systems.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":"51 1","pages":"1631"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48632227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Carbon emissions from dryland shifting cultivation: a case study of Mexican tropical dry forest. 旱地轮作产生的碳排放：以墨西哥热带干林为例的研究。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2017-03-02 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1553

M. Salinas-Melgoza, M. Skutsch, J. Lovett, A. Borrego

{"title":"Carbon emissions from dryland shifting cultivation: a case study of Mexican tropical dry forest.","authors":"M. Salinas-Melgoza, M. Skutsch, J. Lovett, A. Borrego","doi":"10.14214/SF.1553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.1553","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the relation of shifting cultivation to deforestation and degradation, and hence its impacts in terms of carbon emissions and sequestration potential. There is a need to understand these relationships better in the context of international policy on Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). The article reviews the way in which shifting cultivation has been incorporated in global and national estimations of carbon emissions, and assembles the available information on shifting cultivation in Tropical Dry Forests (TDF) in Mexico, where it is widely practiced. It then takes the case of two villages, Tonaya and El Temazcal, which lie within the basin of the River Ayuquila in Jalisco, Mexico. Field data for the typical carbon stocks and fluxes associated with shifting cultivation are compared with stocks and fluxes associated with more intensive agricultural production in the same dry tropical forest area to highlight the carbon sequestration dynamics associated with the shortening and potential lengthening of the fallow cycles. The biomass density in the shifting cultivation system observed can reach levels similar to that of old growth forests, with old fallows (>20 years) having higher carbon stocks than old growth forests. Per Mg of maize produced, the biomass-related emissions from shifting cultivation in the traditional 12 year cycle are about three times those from permanent cultivation. We did not, however, take into account the additional emissions from inputs that result from the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the case of permanent agriculture. Shortening of the fallow cycle, which is occurring in the study area as a result of government subsidies, results in higher remaining stocks of carbon and lower emissions at the landscape level.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":"51 1","pages":"1553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44380253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Effect of deployment-type on stem growth, biomass partitioning and crown characteristics of juvenile Sitka spruce clones 展开型对锡特卡云杉幼树无性系茎生长、生物量分配和树冠特性的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2017-01-31 DOI: 10.14214/sf.1714

L. Donnelly, O. M. Grant, C. O'Reilly

{"title":"Effect of deployment-type on stem growth, biomass partitioning and crown characteristics of juvenile Sitka spruce clones","authors":"L. Donnelly, O. M. Grant, C. O'Reilly","doi":"10.14214/sf.1714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.1714","url":null,"abstract":"Competitive interactions in clonal forestry are not well understood and this needs to be addressed to develop better deployment strategies. Eight juvenile Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriére) clones were grown in monoclonal and clonal mixtures in a field experiment for three years to assess the effects of genetic diversity on shoot growth, aboveand below-ground biomass partitioning and crown characteristics. Shoot elongation was measured throughout the growing season, while diameter was measured twice annually in May and December. After the third year, crown silhouette area was estimated from digitised images for one ramet per plot and ramets were then destructively harvested. Deployment × clone interactions were observed for tree height and diameter with reductions observed in mixed plots. Mixed plots had significantly greater height and diameter heterogeneity and more asymmetrical competition than monoclonal plots. Results from this study demonstrate that stem growth can be significantly altered when clones are planted in multi-clonal mixtures but for most clones, deployment-type will not significantly reduce their productivity.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45443201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A comparative study to assess the effect of oral alprazolam as premedication on vital parameters of patients during surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. 一项比较研究，旨在评估在下颌第三磨牙撞击性拔除手术中，口服阿普唑仑作为术前用药对患者生命参数的影响。

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.194125

Sanjay Joshi, Arsalan Shakil Ahmed Ansari, Sima Mazumdar, Sidra Ansari

{"title":"A comparative study to assess the effect of oral alprazolam as premedication on vital parameters of patients during surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.","authors":"Sanjay Joshi, Arsalan Shakil Ahmed Ansari, Sima Mazumdar, Sidra Ansari","doi":"10.4103/0976-237X.194125","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0976-237X.194125","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and monitor the changes in vital parameters of patients during surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.Methods: This was an in vivo study conducted in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Terna Dental College. Sixty patients were randomly selected. Thirty patients were given a preoperative single dose of oral tablet alprazolam 0.5 mg as premedication (test group), whereas the other thirty were treated without any premedication (control group).Results: It was found that the mean systolic blood pressure during surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar was raised in the control group and exhibited minimal fluctuation in the test group.Conclusion: The use of tablet alprazolam as premedication before surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars resulted in stability of vital parameters, secondary to reduced patient anxiety.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":"41 1","pages":"464-468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5141659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88869859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ablation of sensory neurons in a genetic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma slows initiation and progression of cancer. 在胰腺导管腺癌遗传模型中消减感觉神经元可减缓癌症的发生和发展。

3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2016-03-15 Epub Date: 2016-02-29 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512603113

Jami L Saloman, Kathryn M Albers, Dongjun Li, Douglas J Hartman, Howard C Crawford, Emily A Muha, Andrew D Rhim, Brian M Davis

{"title":"Ablation of sensory neurons in a genetic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma slows initiation and progression of cancer.","authors":"Jami L Saloman, Kathryn M Albers, Dongjun Li, Douglas J Hartman, Howard C Crawford, Emily A Muha, Andrew D Rhim, Brian M Davis","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1512603113","DOIUrl":"10.1073/pnas.1512603113","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an exuberant inflammatory desmoplastic response. The PDAC microenvironment is complex, containing both pro- and antitumorigenic elements, and remains to be fully characterized. Here, we show that sensory neurons, an under-studied cohort of the pancreas tumor stroma, play a significant role in the initiation and progression of the early stages of PDAC. Using a well-established autochthonous model of PDAC (PKC), we show that inflammation and neuronal damage in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) occurs as early as the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) 2 stage. Also at the PanIN2 stage, pancreas acinar-derived cells frequently invade along sensory neurons into the spinal cord and migrate caudally to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar regions. Sensory neuron ablation by neonatal capsaicin injection prevented perineural invasion (PNI), astrocyte activation, and neuronal damage, suggesting that sensory neurons convey inflammatory signals from Kras-induced pancreatic neoplasia to the CNS. Neuron ablation in PKC mice also significantly delayed PanIN formation and ultimately prolonged survival compared with vehicle-treated controls (median survival, 7.8 vs. 4.5 mo; P = 0.001). These data establish a reciprocal signaling loop between the pancreas and nervous system, including the CNS, that supports inflammation associated with oncogenic Kras-induced neoplasia. Thus, pancreatic sensory neurons comprise an important stromal cell population that supports the initiation and progression of PDAC and may represent a potential target for prevention in high-risk populations. ","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":"1 1","pages":"3078-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88861507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly efficient in vitro and in vivo delivery of functional RNAs using new versatile MS2-chimeric retrovirus-like particles. 利用新型多功能 MS2 嵌合型逆转录病毒样颗粒在体外和体内高效传递功能性 RNA。

IF 4.7 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2015-10-21 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.39

Anne Prel, Vincent Caval, Régis Gayon, Philippe Ravassard, Christine Duthoit, Emmanuel Payen, Leila Maouche-Chretien, Alison Creneguy, Tuan Huy Nguyen, Nicolas Martin, Eric Piver, Raphaël Sevrain, Lucille Lamouroux, Philippe Leboulch, Frédéric Deschaseaux, Pascale Bouillé, Luc Sensébé, Jean-Christophe Pagès

{"title":"Highly efficient in vitro and in vivo delivery of functional RNAs using new versatile MS2-chimeric retrovirus-like particles.","authors":"Anne Prel, Vincent Caval, Régis Gayon, Philippe Ravassard, Christine Duthoit, Emmanuel Payen, Leila Maouche-Chretien, Alison Creneguy, Tuan Huy Nguyen, Nicolas Martin, Eric Piver, Raphaël Sevrain, Lucille Lamouroux, Philippe Leboulch, Frédéric Deschaseaux, Pascale Bouillé, Luc Sensébé, Jean-Christophe Pagès","doi":"10.1038/mtm.2015.39","DOIUrl":"10.1038/mtm.2015.39","url":null,"abstract":"RNA delivery is an attractive strategy to achieve transient gene expression in research projects and in cell- or gene-based therapies. Despite significant efforts investigating vector-directed RNA transfer, there is still a requirement for better efficiency of delivery to primary cells and in vivo. Retroviral platforms drive RNA delivery, yet retrovirus RNA-packaging constraints limit gene transfer to two genome-molecules per viral particle. To improve retroviral transfer, we designed a dimerization-independent MS2-driven RNA packaging system using MS2-Coat-retrovirus chimeras. The engineered chimeric particles promoted effective packaging of several types of RNAs and enabled efficient transfer of biologically active RNAs in various cell types, including human CD34(+) and iPS cells. Systemic injection of high-titer particles led to gene expression in mouse liver and transferring Cre-recombinase mRNA in muscle permitted widespread editing at the ROSA26 locus. We could further show that the VLPs were able to activate an osteoblast differentiation pathway by delivering RUNX2- or DLX5-mRNA into primary human bone-marrow mesenchymal-stem cells. Thus, the novel chimeric MS2-lentiviral particles are a versatile tool for a wide range of applications including cellular-programming or genome-editing. ","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":"50 1","pages":"15039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88866152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of mechanization level and harvesting system on thinning cost and impact under Mediterranean forest conditions 地中海森林条件下机械化水平和采伐制度对间伐成本和影响的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1003

R. Spinelli, C. Lombardini, N. Magagnotti

引用次数: 31

Spatial statistics in ecological analysis: from indices to functions 生态分析中的空间统计:从指标到功能

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1008

J. Szmyt

{"title":"Spatial statistics in ecological analysis: from indices to functions","authors":"J. Szmyt","doi":"10.14214/SF.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.1008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of the most common methods in ecological studies aimed at spatial analysis of population structures (horizontal and vertical), based on point process statistics. Methods based on simple spatially explicit indices as well as more sophisticated methods relying on functions are described in a comprehensible manner. Simple indices revealing the information on spatial structure at the scale of the nearest neighbor can be easily implemented in practical forestry. On the other hand, spatial functions, based on much more detailed data, describe the spatial structure in terms of the spatial relationships between the natural processes and population structures and because of this complexity they are rarely used in forest practice. Including both methods in a single paper is also valuable from the potential reader’s point of view saving their time for searching and choosing the appropriate method to make their spatial analysis. This paper can also serve as an initial guide for young researchers or those who are going to start their studies on spatial aspects of bio-systems. Avoiding the statistical and mathematical details makes this paper understandable for readers who are not statisticians or mathematicians. Readers will","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

Reconstructing leaf growth based on non-destructive digitizing and low-parametric shape evolution for plant modelling over a growth cycle 基于非破坏性数字化和低参数形状演化的叶片生长重建，用于植物生长周期建模

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1019

M. Henke, S. Huckemann, W. Kurth, B. Sloboda

引用次数: 8

Evaluation of growth functions used in the Swedish Forest Planning System Heureka 瑞典森林规划系统中使用的生长函数评价

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.1013

Nils Fahlvik, B. Elfving, P. Wikström

{"title":"Evaluation of growth functions used in the Swedish Forest Planning System Heureka","authors":"Nils Fahlvik, B. Elfving, P. Wikström","doi":"10.14214/SF.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.1013","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of growth models implemented in the Swedish Forest Planning System Heureka was evaluated. Four basal area growth models were evaluated by comparing their predictions to data from five-year growth records for 1711 permanent sample plots of the National Forest Inventory (NFI-data). Also, two alternative implementations of Heureka, including a combined stand- and tree-level basal area growth model and a single tree-level model, respectively, were evaluated using data from 57 blocks in a thinning experiment (GG-data) involving Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst) in which the trees were monitored for 30 years after the first thinning. The predicted volume growth was also compared to observed values. Growth models based on data from 1970’s and 1980’s overestimated growth in the NFI test plots from the early 2000’s by about 3%. Stand-level models had larger precision than tree-level models. Basal area growth was underestimated in dense NFI-plots and overestimated in non-thinned GG-plots, illustrating an un-solved modelling problem. Basal area growth was overestimated by 2–5% also in the GG-plots over the whole observation period. Volume growth was however accurately predicted for pine and underestimated by 2% for spruce. The relative prediction error did not increase with increasing length of prediction period. Thinning response models calibrated with GG-data worked well in the total application and produced growth levels for different thinning alternatives in line with observations.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 71