Silva Fennica最新文献_第8页

Modelling soil moisture – soil strength relationship of fine-grained upland forest soils 细粒山地森林土壤水分-强度关系模拟

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10050

J. Uusitalo, J. Ala-Ilomäki, Harri Lindeman, Jenny Toivio, M. Sirén

{"title":"Modelling soil moisture – soil strength relationship of fine-grained upland forest soils","authors":"J. Uusitalo, J. Ala-Ilomäki, Harri Lindeman, Jenny Toivio, M. Sirén","doi":"10.14214/SF.10050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10050","url":null,"abstract":"The strength of soil is known to be dependent on water content but the relationship is strongly affected by the type of soil. Accurate moisture content â soil strength models will provide forest managers with the improved ability to reduce soil disturbances and increase annual forest machine utilization rates. The aim of this study was to examine soil strength and how it is connected to the physical properties of fine-grained forest soils; and develop models that could be applied in practical forestry to make predictions on rutting induced by forest machines. Field studies were conducted on two separate forests in Southern Finland. The data consisted of parallel measurements of dry soil bulk density (BD), volumetric water content (VWC) and penetration resistance (PR). The model performance was logical, and the results were in harmony with earlier findings. The accuracy of the models created was tested with independent data. The models may be regarded rather trustworthy, since no significant bias was found. Mean absolute error of roughly 20% was found which may be regarded as acceptable taken into account the character of the penetrometer tool. The models can be linked with mobility models predicting either risks of rutting, compaction or rolling resistance.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The introduction, the link between applied research and a successful publication 引言，应用研究和成功出版之间的联系

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10285

Nicole M. Fenton

引用次数: 0

Assessing feasibility of the forest trafficability map for avoiding rutting – a case study 评估森林交通能力图避免车辙的可行性-一个案例研究

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10197

V. Kankare, V. Luoma, N. Saarinen, J. Peuhkurinen, M. Holopainen, M. Vastaranta

{"title":"Assessing feasibility of the forest trafficability map for avoiding rutting – a case study","authors":"V. Kankare, V. Luoma, N. Saarinen, J. Peuhkurinen, M. Holopainen, M. Vastaranta","doi":"10.14214/sf.10197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10197","url":null,"abstract":"Information on forest trafficability (i.e. carrying capacity of the forest floor) is required before harvesting operations in Southern Boreal forest conditions. It describes the seasons when harvesting operations may take place without causing substantial damage to the forest soil using standard logging machinery. The available trafficability information have been based on subjective observations made during the wood procurement planning. For supporting forest operations, an open access map product has been developed to provide information on trafficability of forests. The forest stands are distributed into classes that characterize different harvesting seasons based on topographic wetness index, amount of vegetation, ground water height and ditch depth. The main goal of this case study was to evaluate the information of the static forest trafficability map in relation to the detected rutting within logging tracks measured in the field. The analysis concentrated on thinning stands since the effect of rutting is significant on the growth of the remaining trees. The results showed that the static trafficability map provided reliable and slightly conservative estimation of the forest trafficability. The majority (91.7%) of the evaluated stands were harvested without causing significant damage if harvesting was timed correctly compared to the trafficability information. However, it should be pointed out that the weather history at small scale, the skills of a driver, and effects of used machinery are not considered in the map product although they can have a considerable impact on the rutting.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Optimal location of laminated beech production plants within the solid hardwood supply network in Austria 叠层山毛榉生产工厂在奥地利实心硬木供应网络中的最佳位置

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10074

Sebastian Kühle, A. Teischinger, M. Gronalt

{"title":"Optimal location of laminated beech production plants within the solid hardwood supply network in Austria","authors":"Sebastian Kühle, A. Teischinger, M. Gronalt","doi":"10.14214/SF.10074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10074","url":null,"abstract":"Due to changes in forest management in various European countries, hardwood forest areas and amounts will increase. Sustainable and individual utilization concepts have to be developed for the upcoming available resource. Studies conclude that there is low potential for hardwoods in the traditional appearance market thus the application areas have to be extended to new structural innovative products. This paper examines the extension to a future laminated beech wood supply network which would be a combination of already existing and new production facilities. For a better future use of hardwood raw materials it is necessary to consider the entire supply chain. This also better shows a total hardwood value chain. Therefore, this paper provides data to the solid hardwood business and develops a mixed integer linear programming to design a laminated beech wood supply network. The model is applied to Austria as the sample region. It covers the important strategic decisions where to locate a downstream facility within the existing production network with the lowest supply network cost. Fourteen scenarios are developed to examine various future network configurations. Results about optimal material flows and used sawmills as well as downstream production facilities are presented in form of material and financial performances. Two optimal laminated beech production locations are determined by the calculated scenarios results, and the impact of a new sawmill is analyzed which is focused on beech.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Annual net nitrogen mineralization and litter flux in well-drained downy birch, Norway spruce and Scots pine forest ecosystems 排水良好的软毛桦、挪威云杉和苏格兰松林生态系统的年净氮矿化和凋落物通量

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10013

H. Becker, J. Aosaar, M. Varik, G. Morozov, K. Aun, Ü. Mander, K. Soosaar, V. Uri

{"title":"Annual net nitrogen mineralization and litter flux in well-drained downy birch, Norway spruce and Scots pine forest ecosystems","authors":"H. Becker, J. Aosaar, M. Varik, G. Morozov, K. Aun, Ü. Mander, K. Soosaar, V. Uri","doi":"10.14214/SF.10013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10013","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the current study was to estimate the annual net nitrogen mineralization (NNM) flux in stands of different tree species growing on drained peatlands, as well as to clarify the effect of tree species, soil properties and litter on annual NNM dynamics. Three study sites were set up in May 2014: a downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) stand and a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand in Oxalis full-drained swamp (ODS) and a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in Myrtillus full-drained swamp (MDS). The NNM flux was estimated using the in situ method with incubated polyethylene bags. The highest value of NNM was found in stands that were growing on fertile ODS: 127.5 kg N ha–1 yr–1 and 87.7 kg N ha–1 yr–1, in the downy birch stand and in the Norway spruce stand, respectively. A significantly lower annual NNM flux (11.8 kg N ha–1 yr–1) occurred in the Scots pine stand growing in MDS. Nitrification was highest at fertile ODS sites and ammonification was the highest at the low fertility MDS site. For all study sites, positive correlation was found between soil temperature and NNM intensity. The difference in annual NNM between the downy birch stand and the Norway spruce stand growing on similar drained fertile peatlands was due to litter quality. The annual N input into the soil through leaf litter was the highest at the downy birch site where also the C/N ratio of litter was the lowest. The second highest N input into the soil was found in the spruce stand and the lowest in the pine stand.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Characteristics of boreal and hemiboreal herb-rich forests as habitats for polypore fungi 作为多孔真菌栖息地的北方和半北方草本丰富森林的特征

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10001

Karoliina Hämäläinen, T. Tahvanainen, Kaisa Junninen

{"title":"Characteristics of boreal and hemiboreal herb-rich forests as habitats for polypore fungi","authors":"Karoliina Hämäläinen, T. Tahvanainen, Kaisa Junninen","doi":"10.14214/SF.10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10001","url":null,"abstract":"Herb-rich forests are often considered biodiversity hotspots in the boreal zone but their fungal assemblages, particularly those of wood-decaying fungi, remain poorly known. We studied herb-rich forests as habitats for polypores, a distinct group of wood-decaying fungi, and assessed the importance of treeand stand-scale variables for polypore species richness, abundance, and diversity, including red-listed species. The data include 71 herb-rich forest stands in Finland and 4797 dead wood items, on which we made 2832 observations of 101 polypore species. Dead-wood diversity was the most important variable explaining polypore species richness and diversity, whereas increasing latitude had a negative effect. Red-listed species showed a positive response to the abundance of large-diameter dead wood, which, especially birch, supported also high general abundance of polypores. The composition of polypore assemblages reflected their host-tree species. The red-listed species did not show explicit patterns in the ordination space. Compared to old-growth spruce forests, herb-rich forests seem to host lower polypore species richness and less red-listed species. However, because of high proportion of deciduous trees in the dead wood profile, herb-rich forests have a clear complementary effect on polypore assemblages in boreal forest landscapes.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Performance variation of lodgepole pine provenances in Latvia 拉脱维亚黑松种源的性能变化

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10014

Ā. Jansons, R. Matisons, V. Baliuckas, L. Puriņa, O. Krišāns, J. Jansons, I. Baumanis

引用次数: 1

Longitudinal differences in Scots pine shoot elongation 苏格兰松梢伸长的纵向差异

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10040

Bengt Andersson Gull, T. Persson, A. Fedorkov, T. Mullin

{"title":"Longitudinal differences in Scots pine shoot elongation","authors":"Bengt Andersson Gull, T. Persson, A. Fedorkov, T. Mullin","doi":"10.14214/sf.10040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10040","url":null,"abstract":"Phenology can have a profound effect on growth and climatic adaptability of long-lived, northern tree species such as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), where the onset of growth in the spring is triggered mainly by accumulated heat, while cessation of growth is related to the joint effect of photoperiod and temperature. In this study, the objectives were: (1) to compare shoot phenology of genetic material from Scandinavia (maritime climate origin) and northern Russia (continental climate origin) sources, under field conditions in both Scandinavia and Russia (maritime and continental growth conditions); and (2) to estimate the heritabilities of phenological parameters. The material used was part of a larger provenance test series involving Scots pine populations and open-pollinated plus-tree families from Russia, Sweden and Finland. Terminal shoot elongation was measured on multiple occasions during the seventh growing season from seed at a trial near Bäcksjön (Sweden) and Syktyvkar (northern Russia). We calculated the regression of relative shoot elongation over accumulated heat sum above +5 °C using an exponential expression. Seedlings of Swedish and Russian provenance had similar heat-sum requirements for growth onset and cessation in both trials. More northern provenances started onset and cessation at a lower temperature sum, but heat accumulation requirements for onset were not fixed. Scots pine may suffer from spring frost due to earlier growth onset in a warming climate. Variation and heritability of phenological traits show potential to adapt Scots pine to new climate conditions by breeding.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Incorporating tree- and stand-level information on crown base height into multivariate forest management inventories based on airborne laser scanning 基于机载激光扫描的多变量森林经营清单中树木和林分树冠基高信息的整合

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10006

M. Maltamo, Tomi Karjalainen, J. Repola, J. Vauhkonen

{"title":"Incorporating tree- and stand-level information on crown base height into multivariate forest management inventories based on airborne laser scanning","authors":"M. Maltamo, Tomi Karjalainen, J. Repola, J. Vauhkonen","doi":"10.14214/SF.10006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10006","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the alternatives to include crown base height (CBH) predictions in operational forest inventories based on airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. We studied 265 field sample plots in a strongly pine-dominated area in northeastern Finland. The CBH prediction alternatives used area-based metrics of sparse ALS data to produce this attribute by means of: 1) Tree-level imputation based on the k-nearest neighbor (k-nn) method and full field-measured tree lists including CBH observations as reference data; 2) Tree-level mixed-effects model (LME) prediction based on tree diameter (DBH) and height and ALS metrics as predictors of the models; 3) Plot-level prediction based on analyzing the computational geometry and topology of the ALS point clouds; and 4) Plot-level regression analysis using average CBH observations of the plots for model fitting. The results showed that all of the methods predicted CBH with an accuracy of 1–1.5 m. The plot-level regression model was the most accurate alternative, although alternatives producing tree-level information may be more interesting for inventories aiming at forest management planning. For this purpose, k-nn approach is promising and it only requires that field measurements of CBH is added to the tree lists used as reference data. Alternatively, the LME-approach produced good results especially in the case of dominant trees.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

The demand of hybrid aspen ( Populus tremula × P. tremuloides ) on site conditions for a successful establishment on forest land 杂交白杨(杨树×白杨)在林地成功种植的立地条件要求

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10036

K. Hjelm, L. Rytter

引用次数: 3