Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the sand flow over mobile sand, farmland, and gobi surfaces and the conditions required for saturated sand flow to develop","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunlai Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Wu ,&nbsp;Zhuoli Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenping Li ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zuo ,&nbsp;Yixiao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil surface’s content of particles that are erodible at different wind velocities determines whether the sand flow can become saturated. However, the quantitative relationship between the content of erodible particles and the saturation degree of the sand flow is not yet known. Using field observations of the sand flow above surfaces with greatly different erodibility (mobile sand, farmland, and gobi), we calculated the degree of saturation of the sand flow (δ) at each site, which is defined as the ratio of the measured sand transport rate to the potential saturated transport rate. The sediment’s grain-size composition determined the content of erodible particles, which increased with increasing wind velocity. We found that δ of each surface increased following a power function with increasing shear velocity (<em>u</em>_*) and exponentially with increasing content of erodible particles. When <em>u</em>_* increased to 0.5 m s⁻¹, all particles from the mobile sand were erodible, enabling the sand flow to become almost saturated, whereas the sand flow over farmlands and gobis was far from saturated because fewer particles were erodible at a given wind velocity. Based on the relationship between δ and <em>u</em>_*, we identified the conditions for sand flow to achieve saturation at each site; that is, the shear velocity (<em>u</em>_*sat) that can entrain most particles from the surface. Under normal weather conditions, the near-surface shear velocities of bare farmland and gobi surfaces rarely reaches <em>u</em>_*sat, resulting in a generally unsaturated sand flow. Thus, both land types were always exposed to a wind-erosion-dominated environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 106703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil phosphorus availability modulates root exudation under long-term nitrogen fertilization","authors":"Zheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Cong Wang ,&nbsp;Huifeng Sun ,&nbsp;Xianxian Zhang ,&nbsp;Jining Zhang ,&nbsp;Liuming Hai ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root carbon (C) investment in exchange for phosphorus (P) is a pivotal nutrient acquisition strategy that profoundly impacts soil biogeochemical processes and maintains the functional stability of rice paddy ecosystems. However, the response patterns of C cost-P benefit strategies to external nitrogen (N) input in rice paddies remain unclear. Therefore, root C exudation rates were repeatedly measured using an <em>in situ</em> collection method under control, low N (100 kg ha⁻¹), and high N (200 kg ha⁻¹) treatments. Additionally, soil properties and root morphology were analyzed to identify the main factors influencing variations in root exudation. The results showed that root C exudation rates under high N application increased by 55.1 % compared to the control. These differences were primarily linked to N-induced changes in soil P availability, root biomass, root length, root surface area, and root volume. Consequently, understanding the interplay between soil nutrient availability and root exudation is crucial for optimizing fertilization strategies and improving nutrient use efficiency in rice cultivation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 106699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic carbon trade-offs under conservation tillage: Carbon stock versus stability mediated by particulate and mineral-associated fractions","authors":"Rui Jiang ,&nbsp;Shuai Liu ,&nbsp;Fahui Jiang ,&nbsp;Zichun Guo ,&nbsp;Samuel Adingo ,&nbsp;Zengming Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Gao ,&nbsp;Xinhua Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation tillage (CS) has been widely applied to maintain the sustainability of agricultural systems. Soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions, including particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), facilitate the comprehension and prediction of further dynamics of SOC. However, there is a limited understanding of how CS affects the interplay of SOC fractions stocks and SOC stability (POC:MAOC ratio, briefly noted as P/M ratio) across soil layers. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively examine CS-induced changes in the SOC fractions stocks and their stability in the two depth soil layers (0–10 cm for upper topsoil and 10–20 cm for lower topsoil) under varying climatic factors, initial soil conditions, and agronomic practices. Our findings indicate that relative to conventional tillage (CT), CS notably increased SOC stock (14.7 %) in the upper topsoil by increasing POC stock (27.4 %), while decreasing SOC stability (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Adverse changes were observed in the lower topsoil layer. Experiment duration, straw-C input rate, and cropping system were the key factors moderating POC and MAOC stocks and SOC stability under CS (<em>P</em>_M &lt; 0.05). The positive effects of CS on SOC stock and its stability diminished with duration time in the upper topsoil layer. Conversely, CS significantly decreased POC stock (- 9.2 %) and enhanced SOC stability in the lower topsoil layer (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Compared to CT, the highest SOC stocks and the lowest SOC stability were observed under CS in the C input range of 4–6 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Our results highlight the importance of soil depth- and duration-induced differences in the accurate estimation of SOC stocks and stability dynamics under CS. The balance between SOC stock and its stability is calling for more attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 106704"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does 46 years of conservation tillage and crop rotations change soil carbon and nitrogen distribution and storage?","authors":"Asmita Gautam,&nbsp;Christopher O. Anuo,&nbsp;Eileen Kladivko,&nbsp;Tony J. Vyn,&nbsp;Shalamar Armstrong","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil conservation practices, including no-tillage and crop rotation, are widely promoted to enhance soil quality and sequester carbon (C), thereby contributing to climate change mitigation. This study investigates the long-term impacts of tillage intensity and crop rotation on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) distribution and storage to a depth of 1 m in a U.S. Midwest Mollisol. Tillage treatments included no-tillage (NT), intermediate or reduced tillage (chisel plow: CP), and intensive tillage (moldboard plow: MBP), with three crop rotations: continuous corn (CC), corn-soybean (CB), and continuous soybean (BB). After 46 years of continuous management, NT systems stored, on average, 15 Mg ha⁻¹ more SOC and 2.0 Mg ha⁻¹ more TN than tilled systems when the full depth profile was considered. The SOC and TN storage were similar between the CP and MBP treatments, suggesting limited benefit of CP over MBP in long-term C and N retention. Crop rotation had minimal effects on SOC storage; however, CC systems accumulated significantly more TN than CS and BB rotations, particularly when assessed on an equivalent soil mass basis. Additionally, tillage practices had a pronounced effect on the vertical distribution of SOC and TN, especially within the upper 75 cm of the soil profile. These findings highlight the importance of deep soil sampling for accurately capturing the full impact of management practices and suggest that long-term NT is more effective at promoting SOC and TN storage than conventional tillage, regardless of intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 106702"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling crop evapotranspiration in a drip-irrigated sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] field with plastic film mulching","authors":"Youliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Guo ,&nbsp;Duo Li ,&nbsp;Zhiming Qi ,&nbsp;Fengxin Wang ,&nbsp;Kaijing Yang ,&nbsp;Shaoyuan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As evapotranspiration (ET) is the main parameter determining crop water demand, accurate estimation of evapotranspiration rates is critical for optimizing water management strategies in agriculture. Using Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) data measured in Shandong Province, China, during 2021–2022, along with corresponding meteorological and soil data, the adjusted Shuttleworth-Wallace (SW) model, along with adjusted single and dual crop coefficient models, were evaluated for their ability to accurately estimate crop ET (<em>ET</em>_<em>c</em>) for a drip-irrigated sweet potato [<em>Ipomoea batatas</em> (L.) Lam.] field crop with plastic film mulching. The BREB method effectively measured <em>ET</em>_<em>c</em> under these crop production conditions and can thus be regarded as a reference benchmark to verify the reliability of other <em>ET</em>_<em>c</em> calculation models. Under these production conditions, <em>ET</em>_<em>c</em> was low during the initial growth stage, gradually increased and remained at a high level during the middle growth stage, then began to decrease gradually during the later growth stage. The average proportions of <em>ET</em>_<em>c</em> during the sweet potato crop's early, middle, and late growth stages were 7.28 %, 61.67 %, and 31.05 % of the total growing season evapotranspiration, respectively. Soil evaporation (<em>E</em>) and crop transpiration (<em>T</em>) accounted for 9 % and 91%, respectively, of <em>ET</em>_<em>c</em> in this study. The adjusted SW model and the adjusted single and double crop coefficient models estimated <em>ET</em>_<em>c</em> accurately, with the adjusted dual crop coefficient model providing more accurate <em>ET</em>_<em>c</em> estimates than the single crop coefficient model. The SW model best reflected variations in <em>ET</em>_<em>c</em> under the present study conditions. The <em>R</em>^<em>2</em>, <em>MAE</em>, <em>RMSE</em>, and <em>IA</em> between the adjusted-SW-model-estimated ET (<em>ET</em>_{<em>c-SW</em>}) and the ET measured using the BREB system (<em>ET</em>_{<em>c-BREB</em>}) were 0.79, 0.29 mm d^‑1, 0.69 mm d^‑1, and 0.92, respectively in 2021, and 0.77, 0.26 mm d^‑1, 0.67 mm d^‑1, and 0.93 in 2022, respectively. The adjusted SW model can be applied to the estimation of soil <em>E</em> and crop <em>T</em> in drip-irrigated sweet potato field with plastic film mulching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 106701"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the soil organic carbon stability and greenhouse gases mitigation in rice-wheat system: Seventeen-years assessment of tillage and residue management","authors":"Ram K. Fagodiya ,&nbsp;Kamlesh Verma ,&nbsp;Gargi Sharma ,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar Rai ,&nbsp;Kailash Prajapat ,&nbsp;Ranbir Singh ,&nbsp;Parvender Sheoran ,&nbsp;Nirmalendu Basak ,&nbsp;Priyanka Chandra ,&nbsp;D.P. Sharma ,&nbsp;R.K. Yadav ,&nbsp;A.K. Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the rice-wheat system (RWS), various management strategies have been explored. Long-term field experiments are particularly effective in directly comparing these strategies. We analyzed a 17-year field experiment focusing on crop establishment, conservation tillage, and residue management (CTRM) in the western Indo-Gangetic plains of India, a region highly impacted by crop residue burning and GHG emissions for its impacts on carbon sequestration, stability, and GHG mitigation in rice-wheat system. These findings have significant implications for sustainable agricultural practices in regions facing similar environmental challenges. The experiment included five scenarios: (a) Sc-1: Puddled transplanted rice (PTR) – conventionally tilled wheat (CTW); (2) Sc-2: Reduced-tillage direct-seeded rice (RTDSR) – reduced-tillage wheat (RTW); (3) Sc-3: RTDSR-RTW with one-third residue incorporation; (4); Sc-4: Zero-tillage direct-seeded rice (ZTDSR) – zero-tillage wheat (ZTW); (5) Sc-5: ZTDSR-ZTW with one-third residue retention (RR). Our analysis showed that CTRM significantly enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (by 11.41–17.28 %) and carbon sequestration (by 35.12–86.63 %) compared to conventional practice (Sc-1). Among all the scenarios, Sc-5 (ZTDSR-ZTW + RR) achieved the highest carbon management index (CMI: 150.56 and 188.11) across both the soil layers, indicating a reduced need for carbon management due to higher TOC (10.59 and 10.07 g kg⁻¹) compared to Sc-1. The highest net GHG emissions were observed in PTR/CTW (Sc-1), while Sc-5 recorded the lowest emissions, with 84.07 % reduction compared to Sc-1. Carbon footprints decreased progressively with reduction in tillage intensity and residue incorporation. This study highlights that reduced or zero tillage combined with residue retention in RWS holds substantial potential for increasing carbon sequestration, reducing net GHG emissions, and lowering carbon footprints. Additionally, this practice offers an alternative to crop residue burning, a significant contributor to air pollution in the western IGP, particularly in Punjab and Haryana, India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 106697"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochar prepared from different sources of kitchen waste for paddy soil application: Closing the gap between resource recycling and gaseous nitrogen reduction","authors":"Yongji Xu ,&nbsp;Yanfang Feng ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Ma ,&nbsp;Yijia Zhang ,&nbsp;Lisha Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Ji ,&nbsp;Zhaozhong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is recognized as an effective technology for recycling kitchen waste (KW) resources. Our previous study demonstrated that KW hydrochar can serve as a biological, slow-release fertilizer in agricultural production. Yet the specific effects of these carbonization products on NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emissions in agricultural ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a paddy soil column experiment using four types of KW hydrochars—cellulose-based (CL), skeleton-based (SK), protein-based (PT), and starch-based (ST)—applied at a hydrochar-to-soil mass ratio of 0.5 % (low addition) and 1 % (high addition). The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization treatment (CKU), low-addition hydrochar treatments showed significantly decreased cumulative NH₃ volatilization during the rice-growing season by 9.9 %–32.2 %, whereas the high-addition hydrochar generally had the opposite effect, except in SK treatments. The SK and ST hydrochars did not significantly affect N₂O emission compared with CKU, while most PT and CL hydrochars significantly increased N₂O emissions by 5.4 %–634.0 %. Hydrochar amendments also increased the 1000-grain rice weight by 6.4 %–11.7 %, except under high-addition PT and CL treatments. The reduction in NH₃ volatilization by KW hydrochars was primarily attributed to their ability to lower paddy floodwater pH values and enhance the biodegradability of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), exerting a binding effect on NH₄⁺-N concentrations. In contrast, hydrochar effects on N₂O emissions were mainly linked to changes in the abundance of AOA, AOB, <em>nirS</em> genes, as well as shifts in soil bacterial community structure. Specifically, the high-addition CL hydrochar significantly decreased AOA gene abundance, while PT hydrochar significantly increased <em>nirS</em> gene abundance and enhanced microbial denitrification metabolism pathways. Overall, this study indicates that KW hydrochars with stable DOM and low pH, applied at low rates, should be prioritized to promote effective recycling of KW resources while mitigating gaseous nitrogen losses and maintaining rice yields in paddy fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 106687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of vertical hole drilling using a novel semi-autonomous machine on maize yield and soil physical properties in a Cambisol sandy soil","authors":"Muhammad Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Qaswar,&nbsp;Ajit Borundia,&nbsp;Abdul Mounem Mouazen","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil compaction negatively impacts crop yield and soil health, posing a serious threat to the environment and agriculture sustainability. The amelioration of subsoil compaction mainly by subsoiling remains a costly and labor-intensive task that necessitates intelligent automation solutions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of drilling vertical hallow cylinders (40 mm in diameter) on subsoil compaction amelioration and fodder maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) yield in a Cambisol, sandy-textured soil over two subsequent cropping seasons. Six treatments with three replicates were tested in plots of 9 m by 9 m area, which were randomly distributed across a field in Flanders, Belgium. These treatments differ in depth (D) and hole-to-hole spacing (S), along with a no drilling control treatment (T0). Treatments consist of T1 (50 cm D by 50 cm S); T2 (50D by 75S); T3 (50D by 100S); T4 (90D by 50S); T5 (90D by 75S); and T6 (90D by 100S). Results showed that while minor improvement in soil compaction and crop yield took place in the first year of drilling after crop harvest, improvements were significant in the second cropping season. The highest yield increases with descending orders were observed in T6 (12.4 %), T5 (7.6 %), T4 (6.8 %) and T3 (1.7 %), compared to T0 treatment. At the second cropping season, BD at 40 cm depth decreased significantly in T3 by 7.5 %, while at 70 cm depth, BD decreased also significantly by 6.2 %, 8.6 %, and 7.4 % in T4, T5, and T6, respectively. These findings suggest that all the treatments with 90 cm depth penetration showed significant decreases in BD and significant increases in yield, with 75 cm and 100 cm spacing providing the highest increases in the yield. Further research is needed to determine the optimal depth and spacing for different crops and soil types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the dual-acting effects of 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CCO): Yield increase and gaseous emission mitigation via microbial regulation","authors":"Yaqun Li ,&nbsp;Ruiyuan Lian ,&nbsp;Wenyu Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi Quan ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Li ,&nbsp;Dongwei Li ,&nbsp;Daijia Li ,&nbsp;Lili Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional inhibitors, such as N-Butylthiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and 3,4-Dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP), have been widely used to mitigate nitrogen loss, but their long-term environmental impacts remain a concern. Previous studies have indicated that 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CCO), a plant-derived compound, exhibits a dual-acting of suppressing urease activity and inhibiting nitrification. This unique property endows CCO with the potential to be developed into an eco-friendly and highly efficient novel inhibitor. In light of these findings, a field experiment was carried out to comprehensively assess the yield-increasing and emission-decreasing effects of this novel inhibitor and to explore the underlying microbial mechanisms. The experiment involved four treatments, each with three replicates: (i) Control (no fertilizer application); (ii) chemical fertilizer (NPK); (iii) NPK with NBPT and DMPP (NPK+ND), and (iv) NPK with CCO (NPK+CCO).</div><div>The results demonstrated that both CCO and ND treatments effectively increased yield and reduced emissions. Compared to NPK treatment, the CCO treatment significantly decreased NH₃, N₂O, and CO₂ emissions by 11.4 %, 9.9 %, and 12.8 %, respectively, and enhanced CH₄ uptake 27.32 g ha⁻¹. Furthermore, the ND treatment efficiently regulated the relative abundance and structure of microbial communities associated with genes such as <em>amoB</em>, <em>nirS</em>, and <em>nisK</em>. In contrast, CCO treatment acted more specifically on genes like <em>norB</em> and <em>nirD</em>. CCO significantly impacted target microorganisms, including <em>Nocardioides</em> and <em>Nitrospira</em>, by elevating bacterial abundance and intensifying community competition. Consequently, soil microbial metabolism, especially denitrification, was inhibited, reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and enhancing maize yields. These findings provide valuable insights for evaluating nutrient-retention mechanisms of novel inhibitors and strategies to mitigate the greenhouse effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of soil phosphorus fractions and microbial community network to straw returning: Insights from microbial phosphorus limitation","authors":"Xuelian Wang,&nbsp;Xinjie Ji,&nbsp;Anran Long,&nbsp;Jingwen Yang,&nbsp;Liyun Chang,&nbsp;Xiangwei Gong,&nbsp;Ying Jiang,&nbsp;Hua Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microbial metabolism is usually limited by nutrients in agricultural ecosystems; however, the mechanism through which straw return determines microbial nutrient limitations by affecting soil phosphorus (P) fractions and microbial community networks remains unclear. We investigated the effects of no-tillage with straw return (NTS), plow tillage with straw return (PTS), rotary tillage with straw return (RTS), and conventional tillage (CT) without straw return (control) on soil microbial structure, co-occurrence networks, and assembly processes in Northeast China in 2023–2024. All soil microorganisms in the four treatments were subjected to P limitation, and compared with CT, the three straw returning practices significantly alleviated microbial P limitation to a certain extent. Straw returning promoted organic P mineralization and improved P availability by regulating P fractions, as shown by the increased inorganic P content of the NTS, PTS, and RTS treatments of 41.54 %, 6.25 % and 6.80 %, respectively (averaged across rhizosphere and bulk soil, and two years). Random forest and correlation analyses showed that NaHCO₃–Po had a more significant response to P limitation. Straw returning practices did not change the soil bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere and bulk soil but decreased the fungal diversity through microbial high-throughput sequencing. Straw return-sensitive ASVs (rsASVs) was selectively aggregated in different modules, and straw returning induced specific responses in taxa/modules of microbial co–occurrence networks in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Partial least squares path modeling found that, compared with fungi, changes in the bacterial community structure driven by straw returning crucially alleviated microbial P limitation. Overall, our results highlight the close relationship between microbial community structure and metabolic limitations and provide a theoretical basis for the application of straw returning in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106698"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}