Biotechnology for Biofuels最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced heterotrophic β-glucan production from a UV-induced Euglena gracilis mutant screened using a novel method under optimized cultivation conditions","authors":"Hyeonbeen Seo,&nbsp;Keunho Kim,&nbsp;Jiwon Kang,&nbsp;Bonhyeon Koo,&nbsp;Seongmo Jang,&nbsp;Jiwon Park,&nbsp;Jaecheul Yu,&nbsp;Taeho Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02719-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02719-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The β-glucan produced by <i>Euglena gracilis</i> has emerged as an alternative to traditional high-value biomolecule sources such as yeast and fungi to meet the rising demand. A UV-induced mutant strain, <i>E. gracilis</i> UV199, was developed using a novel aniline-blue-based screening method to increase production. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the growth medium, resulting in glucose and monosodium glutamate concentrations of 25.9 and 5.8 g/L, respectively, and 0.9 × Hutner medium. Using this medium resulted in a β-glucan productivity of 3.62 g/L/day, which was 114% higher than that achieved using the wild type <i>E. gracilis</i>. Productivity was further increased to 4.29 g/L/day through optimizing pH and temperature to 4.5 and 32 °C, respectively. A comprehensive framework was constructed for increasing microalgal β-glucan production through integrating strain and process development. Combining UV mutagenesis, rapid screening, and optimizing heterotrophic culture conditions is an effective strategy for producing functional biomaterials from <i>E. gracilis</i>, supporting its future commercialization in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02719-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising environmental factors for maximal lactate productivity in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 through a design of experiments approach","authors":"Matthew Faulkner,&nbsp;Fraser Andrews,&nbsp;Nigel S. Scrutton","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02718-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02718-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genetic and metabolic engineering of <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 has given rise to strains that produce a variety of bio-chemicals. Despite these successes, improvements in productivity metrics are required to achieve economically viable bio-production of carbon dioxide-derived compounds. Previously, environmental factors have been leveraged to increase product yields. Here, we optimise multiple environmental factors simultaneously using Design of Experiments (DOE) principles and find conditions that maximise L-lactate production. Light intensity, glycerol concentration, and light–dark cycle were found to be significant factors. Optimising these conditions resulted in a 6.3- and 7.4-fold increase in titre and yield. The results detailed here could have implications for metabolic engineering of, and bioprocesses using, <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803. In the future, DOE-mediated optimisation of environmental conditions could effectively maximise product titres from different production strains, or the enhanced conditions described here could be directly implemented in other metabolic engineering projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02718-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of syngas and sodium hydroxide by self-steam gasification of black liquor and catalyzed with calcium oxide derived from white mud","authors":"Tian Zhu,&nbsp;Jinzhong Wang,&nbsp;Yanan Li,&nbsp;Ti Liang,&nbsp;Guangzai Nong","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02714-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02714-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to achieve the resource utilization of black liquor and white mud. The new method which the self-steam gasification of black liquor and catalyzed with calcium oxide process is proposed for effectively treating the black liquor and obtaining the syngas and alkali. As results, 1.0 kg of SS can generate 0.714 kg-0.892 kg of syngas with its lower heating value ranging from 15.62 MJ/Nm³ to 10.10 MJ/Nm³. The solid products produce the regenerated alkaline solution with the causticizing efficiencies in the range of 50.48% to 80.45% after dissolved in water. Meanwhile, this new method can simplify the traditional pulping process. Therefore, it not only enables the resource utilization of the by-products from the pulping production process, but also reduces the energy consumption of alkali recovery and CO₂ emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02714-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-utilization of glucose and xylose in synthetic Escherichia coli consortia for efficient 2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerate biosynthesis","authors":"Yu Liu,&nbsp;Shaojie Wang,&nbsp;Haijia Su","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02716-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02716-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>2-Hydroxy-3-methylvalerate (HMV), a kind of bioactive aliphatic 2-hydroxy acids, is a building block and a key intermediate for pharmaceuticals, including beauvericin, yet its microbial synthesis remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a synthetic biology strategy for high-titer production of HMV that couples mixed-sugar utilization with a division-of-labor microbial consortium. Co-feeding glucose and xylose synchronized substrate uptake with product formation, eliminating intermediate overflow and rerouting carbon from by-products into efficient HMV biosynthesis. To reduce the metabolic burden of the host, the HMV pathway is divided into two engineered strains: one optimized for glucose-to-intermediate conversion, the other for xylose-to-HMV completion. The best consortium, KMV-G-X, produces 2184.6 ± 111.8 mg/L HMV, comprising 82.2% of the total 2-hydroxy acids produced. Compared to mono-culture using glucose as a single substrate, this consortium exhibits less catabolic interference and enhanced HMV biosynthesis efficiency. This study shows that substrate utilization and pathway division of labor in synthetic consortium convert mixed sugars into high-value chemicals, boosting titer and robustness for scalable green production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02716-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of process parameters on single-cell oil production by Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus using response surface methodology","authors":"Max Schneider,&nbsp;Felix Melcher,&nbsp;Robert Fimmen,&nbsp;Johannes Mertens,&nbsp;Daniel Garbe,&nbsp;Michael Paper,&nbsp;Marion Ringel,&nbsp;Thomas Brück","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02717-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02717-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The growing demand for sustainable lipid sources has fostered interest in single-cell oils from oleaginous yeasts as renewable alternatives to plant-derived and fossil-based oils, with applications in food, fuel, and material production. The oleaginous yeast <i>Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus</i> is of industrial relevance due to its ability to accumulate in excess of 60% (w/w) of its dry cell weight as lipids, while metabolizing a broad range of substrates. However, economic feasibility depends on improving productivity and adapting fatty acid profiles to application requirements.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study investigated the influence of temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) on lipid production and fatty acid composition in <i>C. oleaginosus</i> ATCC 20509. A three-level, three-factor Box–Behnken design was applied to assess their effects on lipid titer, oleate lipid titer, and the proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Response surface methodology was used to develop quadratic models, identify optimized conditions, and predict fatty acid compositions. Temperature and pH significantly affected both overall lipid titer and degree of saturation. In fed-batch cultivation with consumption-based acetic acid feeding and glucose as the initial carbon source, lipid productivity increased to 0.38 g/L/h under the optimized oleate lipid titer condition (27.6 °C, pH 5.6, 10% DO) and to 0.39 g/L/h under the optimized saturated fatty acid condition (30 °C, pH 7.0, 10% DO), corresponding to 46% and 50% increases compared to literature values (0.26 g/L/h; 28 °C, pH 6.5, 50% DO). The fatty acid profile could thus be precisely modulated by adjusting the process parameters, achieving a difference in the saturation degree of more than 10%. Temperature was identified as the main factor influencing saturation, while pH enabled adjustment of the C16/C18 ratio, resulting in a modulation of palmitic acid fraction within the total triglycerides of up to 13%.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings highlight the potential of optimizing cultivation parameters based on reaction surface methodology to simultaneously improve lipid productivity and functionality by tailoring the fatty acid profile to the desired application requirements, without resorting to genetic engineering. Moreover, these insights support a circular bio-based economy by enabling an efficient production of tailored microbial oils as renewable alternatives to plant-derived lipids.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02717-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145552070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the bench to the reactor: engineered filamentous fungi for biochemical and biomaterial production","authors":"Venkataramanan Subramanian,&nbsp;Meaghan J. Adler,&nbsp;Marcus Benyamin,&nbsp;Randi M. Pullen,&nbsp;Matthew D. Servinsky,&nbsp;Mark T. Kozlowski,&nbsp;Stephen R. Decker","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02712-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02712-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Filamentous fungi can convert a wide variety of naturally occurring chemical compounds, including organic biomass and waste streams, into a range of products. They have long been used for industrial organic acid production and food preparation. In this review, we will discuss production of products such as organic acids, lipids, small molecules, enzymes, materials, and foods, and highlight advances in metabolic and protein engineering, including CRISPR-Cas9-mediated strain improvements. We discuss to what extent these products are already being made on a commercial scale, as well as what is still required to make certain promising concepts industrially and commercially relevant. Despite significant progress, the systematic application of synthetic biology to filamentous fungi remains in its infancy, with many opportunities for discovery and innovation as new strains and genetic tools are developed. The integration of fungal biotechnology into circular and bio-based economies promises to address critical challenges in waste management, resource sustainability, and the development of new materials for terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications, but requires further developments in genetic engineering and process design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02712-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145552040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing methane yield and microbial resilience in olive pomace anaerobic digestion via co-digestion with pig manure","authors":"Sandra Correa,&nbsp;Mercedes Llamas,&nbsp;Fabiana Passos,&nbsp;Soraya Zahedi,&nbsp;José Manuel Espinosa,&nbsp;Fernando G. Fermoso,&nbsp;Ivet Ferrer","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02711-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02711-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Intensive agricultural practices are increasing the generation of by-products and wastes, which require appropriate management strategies to prevent environmental pollution and recover valuable resources. Waste-to-energy technologies, such as anaerobic digestion, are gaining attention for integrating local feedstocks to produce biofuels and biofertilisers, contributing to closed nutrient cycles. In the Mediterranean region, olive pomace is very abundant, but its intrinsic characteristics hinder the production of biogas via anaerobic digestion. Concurrently, the direct application of untreated pig manure on agricultural land continues to pose significant environmental risks.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study assessed the biomethane potential of olive pomace and pig manure, along with microbial population dynamics during the transition from mono- to co-digestion. Mono-digestion of olive pomace led to complete process inhibition, while co-digestion with pig manure increased methane yield more than fivefold (from 53 to 283 mL CH₄ g⁻¹ VS). Co-digestion also enhanced the microbial diversity, improving the ecosystem resilience and metabolic versatility. A notable increase in the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea, particularly <i>Methanosarcina</i>, was observed<i>.</i> An energy assessment indicated that a full-scale plant co-digesting olive pomace and pig manure could not only operate without external energy consumption, but also produce excess electricity (577 MWh y⁻¹) and heat (1074 MWh y⁻¹).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings demonstrate that co-digestion can overcome the limitations of olive pomace mono-digestion, enabling the effective treatment of two challenging agro-industrial by-products. This approach aligns with circular bioeconomy principles and supports the decarbonisation of the olive oil and pig farming sectors, contributing to the energy transition. The presented approach serves as a baseline scenario, and further research should focus on recovering high-value bioproducts and advancing towards integrated biorefinery systems in rural areas.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02711-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145552121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomics-based analysis of acetate and propionate transport and metabolism in Yarrowia lipolytica","authors":"Mia Žganjar,&nbsp;David Sanz-Mata,&nbsp;Urška Hancman,&nbsp;Neža Čadež,&nbsp;Cene Gostinčar,&nbsp;Cristina González-Fernández,&nbsp;Elia Tomás-Pejó,&nbsp;Uroš Petrovič","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02713-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02713-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> is a promising host for sustainable microbial oil production from waste-derived carboxylic acids such as acetate and propionate. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolism and assimilation of these substrates, particularly under nitrogen limitation, are still not fully understood.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We conducted a multi-condition transcriptomic analysis of <i>Y. lipolytica</i> strain EXF-17398 under nitrogen-limiting conditions to investigate its transcriptional adaptation to acetate and propionate utilisation. Our results revealed distinct transcriptional responses associated with metabolic adaptation, including the coordinated regulation of Jen and Gpr carboxylate transporter families, suggesting a dual system for carboxylate uptake. <i>JEN5</i> and <i>GPR1</i> appear central to propionate and acetate utilisation, respectively. Our data suggest that propionate toxicity is mitigated through its conversion via the methylcitrate cycle and potentially the malonate semialdehyde pathway, preventing accumulation of cytotoxic propionyl-CoA in the cytosol. The upregulation of carnitine acyltransferases suggests active mitochondrial transport of acyl-CoAs, linking detoxification with energy metabolism. Under tested conditions, the de novo lipid synthesis was consistent with carbon overflow from acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA, supported by intracellular nitrogen recycling and redox balancing, independent of classical nitrogen regulatory pathways.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings illustrate the capacity of <i>Y. lipolytica</i> to coordinate carbon and nitrogen metabolism during carboxylate utilisation, such as acetate and propionate, offering insights to guide the optimisation of microbial oil production from renewable feedstocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of biobased products from lignocellulose using filamentous fungi-integrated microbial consortia","authors":"Runze Pan,&nbsp;Sijie Liu,&nbsp;Yuwei Chen,&nbsp;Weiliang Dong,&nbsp;Wankui Jiang,&nbsp;Wenming Zhang,&nbsp;Yujia Jiang,&nbsp;Fengxue Xin,&nbsp;Min Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02715-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02715-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural microbial consortia exhibit characteristics of environmental robustness and the ability to utilize complex substrates. Inspired by them, various synthetic microbial consortia capable of utilizing economical substrates have been constructed. As an abundant renewable biomass resource, lignocellulose is regarded as the most promising raw material for replacing fossil energy to produce biofuels and bioproducts. The hydrolysis process of lignocellulose is a key step limiting its bioconversion. Filamentous fungi, due to their strong ability to secrete and hydrolyze cellulases, are widely used in synthetic microbial consortia to achieve lignocellulosic biorefinery. This paper reviews the latest progresses in the biosynthesis of biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulose by various microbial consortia integrated with filamentous fungi. In addition, the construction strategies of synthetic microbial consortia integrated with filamentous fungi are also reviewed. Finally, the applications of filamentous fungi in synthetic microbial consortia are prospected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02715-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover for microbial lipid production by Rhodotorula toruloides","authors":"Rasool Kamal,&nbsp;Qitian Huang,&nbsp;Jiaxi Luo,&nbsp;Aabid Manzoor Shah,&nbsp;Farman Ullah Dawar,&nbsp;Chaogang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02691-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02691-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is essential for maximizing the recovery of fermentable sugars for diverse biotechnological applications. However, pretreatment by-products including lignin interact with hydrolytic enzymes, blocking their access to substrates and leading to poor monomeric sugar recovery. This study evaluated the effects of all 20 exogenous amino acids (AAs) as additives to block lignin active sites and facilitate enzyme access to polysaccharide substrates for enhanced sugar recovery. The hydrolysates were subsequently tested for microbial lipid production by <i>Rhodotorula toruloides</i> CGMCC 2.1389 as a model application.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The study found that most AAs enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of 1% (w/v) H₂SO₄- and Na₂CO₃-pretreated corn stover (CS), with <span>l</span>-proline (Pro) increasing total reducing sugar (TRS) recovery by over 20%. Lipid production by <i>R. toruloides</i> on the hydrolysates was verified under single-stage and two-stage culture conditions. The lipid yield reached over 17 g/100 g TRS with some AAs, despite lower titers. Moreover, the dominance of C16 and C18 fatty acids in the lipids suggest no adverse effects of AAs on the yeast's metabolism.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Exogenous AA addition during enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced sugar recovery; however, its impact on <i>R. toruloides</i> lipid production varies with culture conditions, where a two-stage process with nutrient limitation could be more favorable for high lipid production. While this strategy proved to be more effective for enhanced sugar recovery, future studies are expected to uncover the underlying mechanisms that drive this improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02691-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}