Biotechnology for Biofuels最新文献

{"title":"Bacillus subtilis surface display technology: applications in bioprocessing and sustainable manufacturing","authors":"Howra Bahrulolum,&nbsp;Gholamreza Ahmadian","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02635-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02635-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives in bioprocessing, healthcare, and manufacturing has stimulated significant interest in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> surface display technology. This innovative platform, leveraging both spore and vegetative cell forms, provides exceptional versatility for a wide spectrum of applications, spanning from green technologies to advanced biomedical innovations. The robustness of spores and the metabolic activity of vegetative cells enable efficient enzyme immobilization, biocatalysis, and biosensor development, facilitating bioremediation, pollutant degradation, and renewable energy generation. Additionally, <i>B. subtilis</i> surface display systems have demonstrated remarkable potential in vaccine development and drug delivery, offering a cost-effective, scalable, and environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional methods. These systems can effectively present antigens or therapeutic molecules, enabling targeted drug delivery and robust immune responses. This review explores recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in harnessing <i>B. subtilis</i> surface display technology for sustainable biomanufacturing, green innovations, and transformative biomedical applications, emphasizing its role in addressing pressing global challenges in environmental sustainability and healthcare.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02635-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking commercially available value-added fractions with potential for production via microalgae-based biorefineries: is it worth it?","authors":"Flávio Ferreira,&nbsp;Joana Ortigueira,&nbsp;Alberto Reis,&nbsp;Tiago F. Lopes","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02633-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02633-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The urgent need to mitigate climate change requires finding sustainable and efficient alternatives to fossil fuel-based materials. Biosequestration by microalgae has been suggested as a potential method for climate change mitigation due to its environmentally friendly nature and ability to produce high-value compounds. However, the large-scale application of microalgal biorefineries faces significant challenges, particularly in the harvest and processing stages, which are often costly and energy-intensive. This study aims to benchmark value-added fractions that can be produced via microalgae-based biorefineries against their commercially available counterparts. A systematic review was conducted using the Web of Science™ database to identify current commercial sources of proteins, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments, this study identified key sectors and applications for each fraction, as well as potential market competitors. The results highlight substantial cost differences across production systems, with traditional agricultural sources demonstrating lower CAPEX but greater environmental challenges. Meanwhile, microalgal systems, although associated with higher CAPEX, offer advantages such as reduced land and water dependency, potentially leading to long-term economic resilience and environmental sustainability. By pinpointing research trends, key sectors and optimization opportunities, this work offers valuable insights into the profitability and competitiveness of microalgal systems, providing a benchmark for future optimization efforts. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive comparison of microalgae-based and traditional production systems, establishing a clear benchmark for microalgal production and suggesting focus areas for enhancement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02633-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of the antifungal compound ilicicolin K through genetic activation of the ilicicolin biosynthetic pathway in Trichoderma reesei","authors":"Isabella Burger,&nbsp;Matthias Schmal,&nbsp;Kathrin Peikert,&nbsp;Lukas Fourtis,&nbsp;Christoph Suster,&nbsp;Christian Stanetty,&nbsp;Dominik Schnalzer,&nbsp;Barbara Hufnagel,&nbsp;Thomas Böttcher,&nbsp;Ruth Birner-Gruenberger,&nbsp;Robert L. Mach,&nbsp;Astrid R. Mach-Aigner,&nbsp;Matthias Schittmayer,&nbsp;Christian Zimmermann","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02628-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02628-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Given the global rise in antimicrobial resistance, the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents and production processes thereof are of utmost importance. To this end we have activated the gene cluster encoding for the biosynthesis of the potent antifungal compound ilicicolin H in the fungus <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>. While the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) is silent under standard cultivation conditions, we achieved BGC activation by genetically overexpressing the transcription factor TriliR.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Successful activation was confirmed by RT-qPCR, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Metabolomic profiling upon BGC expression revealed high-yield production of ilicicolin H. To elucidate the enzymatically highly diverse functionality of this BGC, we employed a combination of overexpression and deletions of individual genes in the BGC. While we hardly observed any of the previously reported side- or shunt products associated with heterologous ilicicolin H expression, we discovered that <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> produces a novel member of the ilicicolin family using a metabolomic molecular networking approach. This new compound, ilicicolin K, is expressed in substantial amounts in the genetically engineered <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>. Ilicicolin K differs from ilicicolin H in its structure by a second hydroxylation of the tyrosine derived phenol and an additional ring formed by an intramolecular ether bridge of the hydroxyl group at the pyridone towards the tyrosine moiety of the molecule. Bioactivity tests of ilicicolin K revealed a strong antifungal activity against <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and a moderate activity against the human pathogen <i>Candida auris</i>, an emerging multi-drug resistant fungus.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>By activating a silent BGC in <i>T. reesei</i>, we obtained a high-yielding strain for the production of the antifungal compounds ilicicolin H and the novel ilicicolin K. These two compounds share some structural properties and are thus highly likely to act on the fungal cytochrome bc1 complex, a component of the mitochondrial repository chain. However, they possess different bioactive properties, which might suggest that ilicicolin K may overcome certain limitations of ilicicolin H.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02628-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Shewanella oneidensis and Methanosarcina barkerii augmentation and conductive material effects on long‑term anaerobic digestion performance","authors":"Camilla Perego,&nbsp;Roger König,&nbsp;Maurizio Cuomo,&nbsp;Elisa Pianta,&nbsp;Sunny Maye,&nbsp;Loredana Di Maggio,&nbsp;Michel Moser,&nbsp;Fabian Fischer,&nbsp;Pamela Principi","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02631-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02631-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02631-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase downregulation in poplar wood increases saccharification after dilute acid pretreatment: a key role for lignin revealed by a multimodal investigation","authors":"Julien du Pasquier,&nbsp;Aya Zoghlami,&nbsp;Youri Naudin,&nbsp;Annabelle Déjardin,&nbsp;Gilles Pilate,&nbsp;Gabriel Paës,&nbsp;Patrick Perré","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02623-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02623-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is the first to apply dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) under different severity conditions to poplar wood genetically modified for the <i>cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase</i> (<i>CAD1</i>) gene, which is involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. The carefully selected pretreatment conditions resulted in glucose yields that were 15 points higher for the <i>hpCAD</i> poplar line than for the wild-type (WT) wood after 48 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. To explain this higher saccharification rate, the chemical, spectral and structural changes in WT and <i>hpCAD</i> wood were analyzed in relation to the severity of the pretreatment process. Although few differences were found at the chemical level, variations in autofluorescence and cell deformation were more significant: at high severity, the cells of <i>hpCAD</i> wood observed by nanotomography were more easily deformed, but their middle lamella was more resistant than those of WT wood. All these differences are possibly explained by changes in the molecular structure of lignin in <i>hpCAD</i> wood, leading to the formation of more hydrophobic shorter monomer chains with fewer lignin‒carbohydrate interactions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02623-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis and reverse engineering verification of SNZ3Val125Ile and Pho3Asn134Asp revealed the mechanism of adaptive laboratory evolution to increase the yield of tyrosol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S26-AE2","authors":"Na Song,&nbsp;Huili Xia,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Yang,&nbsp;Siyao Liu,&nbsp;Linglong Xu,&nbsp;Kun Zhuang,&nbsp;Lan Yao,&nbsp;Shihui Yang,&nbsp;Xiong Chen,&nbsp;Jun Dai","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02627-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02627-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tyrosol is an important drug precursor, and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is one of the main microorganisms that produces tyrosol. Although excessive metabolic modification increases the production of tyrosol, it also causes a decrease in the growth rate of yeast. Therefore, this study attempted to restore the growth of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> through adaptive evolution and further improve tyrosol production.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>After the adaptive laboratory evolution of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> S26, three evolutionary strains were obtained. The biomass of strain S26-AE2 reached 17.82 g DCW/L in the presence of 100 g/L glucose, which was 15.33% higher than that of S26, and its tyrosol production reached 817.83 mg/L. The transcriptome analysis revealed that, upon exposure to 100 g/L glucose, the S26-AE2 strain may reduce the transcriptional regulation of glucose repression through decreased <i>HXK2</i> expression. The expression of genes related to pyruvate synthesis was increased in strain S26-AE2. Meanwhile, the expression levels of most tricarboxylic acid cycle-related genes in S26-AE2 were increased when cultured with 20 g/L glucose. Furthermore, the amount of tyrosol produced by strain S26 with the SNZ3^Val125Ile mutation increased by 17.01% compared with that of the control strain S26 following exposure to 100 g/L glucose.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In this study, a strain, S26-AE2, with good growth and tyrosol production performance was obtained by adaptive evolution. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the differences in the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways in adaptive evolutionary strains may be related to yeast growth and tyrosol production. Further reverse engineering verified that the mutation of <i>SNZ3</i> promoted tyrosol synthesis in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> in glucose-rich medium. This study provides a theoretical basis for the metabolic engineering of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> to synthesise tyrosol and its derivatives.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02627-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering of the fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 to synthesize astaxanthin","authors":"Nico Betterle,&nbsp;Eliana Gasparotto,&nbsp;Elia Battagini,&nbsp;Edoardo Ceschi,&nbsp;Francesco Bellamoli,&nbsp;Peter J. Nixon,&nbsp;Matteo Ballottari","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02626-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02626-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Astaxanthin is a red pigment required by feed, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries for its pigmentation and antioxidant properties. This carotenoid is one of the main high-value products that can nowadays be derived from microalgae cultivation, raising important industrial interest. However, state-of-the-art astaxanthin production is the cultivation of the green alga <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> (or <i>lacustris</i>), which faces high costs and low production yield. Hence, alternative and efficient sources for astaxanthin need to be developed, and novel biotechnological solutions must be found. The recently discovered cyanobacterium, <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. PCC 11901 is a promising photosynthetic platform for the large-scale production of high-value products, but its potential has yet to be thoroughly tested.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, the cyanobacterium <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. PCC 11901 was engineered for the first time to our knowledge to produce astaxanthin, a high-value ketocarotenoid, by expressing recombinant β-ketolase (bKT) and a β-hydroxylase enzymes (CtrZ). During photoautotrophic growth, the bKT-CtrZ transformed strain (called BC) accumulated astaxanthin to above 80% of the total carotenoid. Moreover, BC cells grew faster than wild-type (WT) cells in high light and continuous bubbling with CO₂-enriched air. The engineered strain reached stationary phase after only 4 days of growth in an airlift 80-mL photobioreactor, producing 7 g/L of dry biomass, and accumulated ~ 10 mg/L/day of astaxanthin, which is more than other CO₂-consuming multi-engineered systems. In addition, BC cells were cultivated in a 330-L photobioreactor to link lab-scale experiments to the industrial scale-up.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The astaxanthin volumetric productivity achieved, 10 mg/L/day, exceeds that previously reported for <i>Haematococcus pluvialis,</i> the standard microalgal species nowadays used at the industrial level for astaxanthin production, or for other microalgal strains engineered to produce ketocarotenoids. Overall, this work identifies a new route to produce astaxanthin on an industrial scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02626-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and characterization of allantoin-inducible expression systems in budding yeast","authors":"Junyi Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxue Ma,&nbsp;Xueyi Luo,&nbsp;Shuo Wang,&nbsp;Xinning Cai,&nbsp;Jifeng Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02630-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02630-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> has been extensively employed as a host for the production of various biochemicals and recombinant proteins. The expression systems employed in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> typically rely on constitutive or galactose-regulated promoters, and the limited repertoire of gene expression regulations imposes constraints on the productivity of microbial cell factories based on budding yeast.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we designed and characterized a series of allantoin-inducible expression systems based on the endogenous allantoin catabolic system (DAL-related genes) in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. We first characterized the expression profile of a set of DAL promoters induced by allantoin, and further combined with the galactose-inducible (GAL) system to create a highly responsive genetic switch that efficiently amplifies the output signals. The resulting allantoin–GAL system could give a ON/OFF ratio of 68.6, with 6.8-fold higher signal output over that of direct P_DAL2-controlled gene expression. Additionally, when a centromeric plasmid was used for EGFP expression, the ON/OFF ratio was increased to &gt; 67.2, surpassing the EGFP expression levels driven by the DAL2 promoter. Subsequently, we successfully demonstrated that allantoin–GAL system can be used to effectively regulate carotenoid production and cell flocculation in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In summary, we characterized several allantoin-inducible DAL promoters from budding yeast and further developed a layered allantoin–GAL system that utilizes the DAL2 promoter to regulate the galactose regulon in budding yeast. The resulting allantoin–GAL system could give an impressive ON/OFF ratio that surpassed the traditional P_DAL2-controlled gene expression. It is anticipated that utilizing our allantoin-inducible system in budding yeast with allantoin as the alternative nitrogen source might favor the low-cost production of biochemicals and pharmaceuticals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02630-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SANS investigation of fungal loosenins reveals substrate-dependent impacts of protein action on the inter-microfibril arrangement of cellulosic substrates","authors":"Deepika Dahiya,&nbsp;Zsuzsanna Péter-Szabó,&nbsp;Manjula Senanayake,&nbsp;Sai Venkatesh Pingali,&nbsp;Wellington C. Leite,&nbsp;James Byrnes,&nbsp;Garry W. Buchko,&nbsp;Pramod Sivan,&nbsp;Francisco Vilaplana,&nbsp;Emma R. Master,&nbsp;Hugh O’Neill","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02618-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02618-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Microbial expansin-related proteins include fungal loosenins, which have been previously shown to disrupt cellulose networks and enhance the enzymatic conversion of cellulosic substrates. Despite showing beneficial impacts to cellulose processing, detailed characterization of cellulosic materials after loosenin treatment is lacking. In this study, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to investigate the effects of three recombinantly produced loosenins that originate from <i>Phanerochaete carnosa</i>, <i>Pca</i>LOOL7, <i>Pca</i>LOOL9, and <i>Pca</i>LOOL12, on the organization of holocellulose preparations from Eucalyptus and Spruce wood samples.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Whereas the SANS analysis of Spruce holocellulose revealed an increase in inter-microfibril spacing of neighboring cellulose microfibrils following treatment with <i>Pca</i>LOOL12 and to a lesser extent <i>Pca</i>LOOL7, the analysis of Eucalyptus holocellulose revealed a reduction in the ordered arrangement of microfibrils following treatment with <i>Pca</i>LOOL12 and to a lesser extent <i>Pca</i>LOOL9. Parallel SEC-SAXS characterization of <i>Pca</i>LOOL7, <i>Pca</i>LOOL9, and <i>Pca</i>LOOL12 indicated the proteins likely function as monomers; moreover, all appear to retain a flexible disordered N-terminus and folded C-terminal region. The comparatively high impact of <i>Pca</i>LOOL12 motivated its NMR structural characterization, revealing a double-<i>psi</i> β-barrel (DPBB) domain surrounded by three α-helices—the largest nestled against the DPBB core and the other two part of loops extending from the core.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The SANS analysis of <i>Pca</i>LOOL action on holocellulose samples confirms their ability to disrupt cellulose fiber networks and suggests a progression from reducing regular order in the microfibril arrangement to increasing inter-microfibril spacing. The most impactful <i>Pca</i>LOOL, <i>Pca</i>LOOL12, was previously observed to be the most highly expressed loosenin in <i>P. carnosa</i>. Its structural characterization herein reveals its stabilization through two disulfide linkages, and an extended N-terminal region distal to a negatively charged and surface accessible polysaccharide binding groove.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02618-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Cortinarius O-methyltransferases for the heterologous production of dermolutein and physcion","authors":"Pradhuman Jetha,&nbsp;Dominik Mojzita,&nbsp;Natalia Maiorova,&nbsp;Jorg C. de Ruijter,&nbsp;Hannu Maaheimo,&nbsp;Satu Hilditch,&nbsp;Gopal Peddinti,&nbsp;Sandra Castillo,&nbsp;Mervi Toivari,&nbsp;Merja Penttilä,&nbsp;István Molnár","doi":"10.1186/s13068-025-02625-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13068-025-02625-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anthraquinones in the emodin family are produced by bacteria, fungi, and plants. They display various biological activities exploited, e.g., for crop protection, and may also be utilized as sustainable, bio-based colorants for the textile, paints, electronics, and cosmetic industries. Anthraquinone pigments from <i>Cortinarius</i> mushrooms have been used for artisan dyeing because they are stable, colorfast, and compatible with various dyeing methods. However, their chemical synthesis is complex and uneconomical, and harvesting wild mushrooms from forests in commercial quantities is not feasible.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Here, we use genomics, transcriptomics, and synthetic biology to uncover the biosynthesis of the anthraquinone scaffold compounds emodin and endocrocin, and their methylation to the yellow pigments physcion and dermolutein in <i>Cortinarius semisanguineus</i> and <i>C.</i> sp. KIS-3. Both the nonreducing polyketide synthases (nrPKSs), and the regiospecific, fastidious <i>O-</i>methyltransferases (OMTs) are non-orthologous to their Ascomycete counterparts, suggesting a parallel evolutionary origin for the pathway in Basidiomycetes. The genes for the nrPKS and the OMTs are not all clustered in <i>Cortinarius</i>, revealing metabolic crosstalk among paralogous nrPKS biosynthetic gene clusters.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Heterologous biosynthesis of physcion and dermolutein in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> opens the way to produce specific <i>Cortinarius</i> anthraquinones, and to modify these scaffolds to tune their chemistry towards their various applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":494,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13068-025-02625-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}