Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum: Southern African guidelines on the safe, easy and effective use of pre-exposure prophylaxis: 2020.","authors":"Linda-Gail Bekker,&nbsp;Benjamin Brown,&nbsp;Dvora Joseph-Davey,&nbsp;Kathrine Gill,&nbsp;Michelle Moorhouse,&nbsp;Sinead Delany-Moretlwe,&nbsp;Landon Myer,&nbsp;Catherine Orrell,&nbsp;Kevin Rebe,&nbsp;W D Francois Venter,&nbsp;Carole L Wallis","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1152.].</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"1295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39765954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earlier antiretroviral initiation is independently associated with better arterial stiffness in children living with perinatally acquired HIV with sustained viral suppression in Mozambique.","authors":"Igor S Dobe, Ana O Mocumbi, Noorjean Majid, Birhanu Ayele, Sara H Browne, Steve Innes","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1282","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease is a major driver of morbidity and mortality in adults living with HIV. The drivers of cardiovascular disease in children living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) with sustained HIV viral suppression are unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We explored the contribution of HIV-specific risk factors to arterial stiffness independently of traditional risk factors (metabolic syndrome [MetS]) in prepubertal children with PHIV with sustained viral suppression in a low-income country in Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>For this cross-sectional analysis, arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity <i>z</i>-score (PWVz), measured using a Vicorder device. Metabolic syndrome components were measured. We retrospectively collected the antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposures, HIV stage, CD4 count and HIV viral load. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed for MetS components, retaining age and gender as obligatory variables. We then added HIV-related metrics to assess whether these had an independent or additive effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We studied 77 virally suppressed children with PHIV without evidence of cardiovascular disease (from medical history and physical examination). In the initial model, the PWVz was independently associated with each MetS component. The PWVz was higher in participants with proportionally greater visceral fat (waist/height ratio), elevated lipids (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio) and insulin resistance (log homeostatic model assessment [HOMA]). The addition of age at ART initiation increased the model <i>R</i> ² value from 0.36 to 0.43. In the resulting model, younger age at ART initiation was independently associated with a better PWVz (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Earlier ART initiation was independently associated with lower large artery stiffness. This effect was independent of the effect of elevated lipids, visceral fat and insulin resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"1282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8603154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9850381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr Dennis Sifris: In memorium","authors":"D. Spencer","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46731850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards people with HIV and AIDS among private higher education students in Johannesburg, South Africa.","authors":"Natasha Khamisa, Maboe Mokgobi, Tariro Basera","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.991","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV and AIDS) is a global health and social problem, with South Africa having an estimated overall prevalence rate of 13.5%. Compared to young male participants, young female participants have been reported to have less knowledge about HIV and AIDS, including prevention strategies, and this is associated with risky sexual behaviours and negative attitudes towards condom use.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study investigated gender differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards HIV and AIDS among 542 private higher education students in Johannesburg, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants completed an online structured questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes and behaviours as well as demographics (including age, gender and relationship status).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that overall there were no significant differences between male and female students in terms of HIV and AIDS knowledge. However, female students had significantly less knowledge with regard to unprotected anal sex as a risk factor for HIV and AIDS. In addition, young female students reported condom use at last sex less frequently than male students. Nonetheless, both genders reported a positive attitude towards condom use and towards people living with HIV and AIDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is recommended that the relevant authorities at the state and the higher education level seriously consider implementing specific strategies for preventing HIV and AIDS through improved knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among young females.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7136969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10498315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss to follow-up from antiretroviral therapy clinics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies in South Africa from 2011 to 2015.","authors":"Samantha Kaplan,&nbsp;Katleho S Nteso,&nbsp;Nathan Ford,&nbsp;Andrew Boulle,&nbsp;Graeme Meintjes","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>South Africa has the largest antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in the world. To optimise programme outcomes, it is critical that patients are retained in care and that retention is accurately measured.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify all studies published in South Africa from 2011 to 2015 that used loss to follow-up (LTFU) as an indicator or outcome to describe the variation in definitions and to estimate the proportion of patients lost to care across studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>All studies published between 01 January 2011 and October 2015 that included loss to follow-up or default from ART care in a South African cohort were included by use of a broad search strategy across multiple databases. To be included, the cohort had to include any patient ART data, including follow-up time, from 01 January 2010. Two authors, working independently, extracted data and assessed risk of bias from all manuscripts. Meta-analysis was performed for studies stratified by the same loss to follow-up definition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-eight adult, 15 paediatric and 4 pregnant cohorts were included. Median cohort size was 3737; follow-up time ranged from 9 weeks to 5 years. Meta-analysis did not reveal an important difference in LTFU estimates in adult cohorts at 1 year between loss to follow-up defined as 3 months (11.0%, <i>n</i> = 4; 95% CI 10.7% - 11.2%) compared with 6 months (12.0%, <i>n</i> = 4; 95% CI 11.8% - 12.2%). Only two cohorts reported reliable LTFU estimates at 5 years: this was 25.1% (95% CI 24.8% - 25.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>South Africa should standardise a LTFU definition. This would aid in monitoring and evaluation of ART programmes, with the broader goal of improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37559004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative care guidelines for the management of HIV-infected people in South Africa.","authors":"David C Spencer,&nbsp;René Krause,&nbsp;Theresa Rossouw,&nbsp;Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa,&nbsp;Selma Browde,&nbsp;Esnath Maramba,&nbsp;Lauren Jankelowitz,&nbsp;Muhangwi B Mulaudzi,&nbsp;Mpho Ratishikana-Moloko,&nbsp;Oluwarotimi F Modupe,&nbsp;Adam Mahomed","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1013","url":null,"abstract":"What is palliative care? \u0000Definition 1. According to the National Policy Framework and Strategy Policy on Palliative Care, Department of Health, South Africa, 2017–2022: \u0000 \u0000Palliative care is a multidisciplinary approach to the holistic care and support of patients and families facing a life-threatening illness. Its aim is to improve quality of life while maintaining dignity from diagnosis to death. For children, the spectrum of illness includes life-limiting conditions that may progress to death or may be severely disabling. Palliative care should be available to all patients as needed, from birth until death, and should be accessible at all levels of the health care service. Palliative care cuts across all health programmes in the delivery of services.1 The care of the dying is as old as the practice of medicine itself (see Box 1). \u0000 \u0000BOX 1 \u0000 \u0000What is medicine?79","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"1013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37559005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"David C Spencer","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"1037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6890538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37446864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal disease among HIV-infected persons: 2019 update.","authors":"Nelesh P Govender, Graeme Meintjes, Phetho Mangena, Jeremy Nel, Samantha Potgieter, Denasha Reddy, Helena Rabie, Douglas Wilson, John Black, David Boulware, Tom Boyles, Tom Chiller, Halima Dawood, Sipho Dlamini, Thomas S Harrison, Prudence Ive, Joseph Jarvis, Alan Karstaedt, Matamela C Madua, Colin Menezes, Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa, Zaaheera Motlekar, Amir Shroufi, Sarah Lynn Stacey, Merika Tsitsi, Gilles van Cutsem, Ebrahim Variava, Michelle Venter, Rachel Wake","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1030","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"1030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37762114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast abnormalities in adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy","authors":"J. Dunlop, W. Slemming, K. Schnippel, Caroline Makura, L. Levin, S. Rayne, M. Vujovic, C. Firnhaber","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1017","url":null,"abstract":"Background Antiretrovirals, particularly efavirenz (EFV), have been shown to cause breast abnormalities in adults. Little is known about the prevalence of these adverse effects among adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objectives The aim of this article was to examine the extent of breast abnormalities in adolescents receiving ART and determine any clinical associations. Methods A retrospective record review describing breast conditions in adolescents receiving ART at three facilities in Johannesburg was conducted. Patients aged 10–19 years, who presented from January to December 2014, were included in the study. Analyses were conducted to determine whether EFV was associated with increased breast conditions. Results Of the 631 patient records reviewed, 37 (6%) had an abnormal breast event documented; with 24/37 (65%) being male patients. Patients with abnormal breast conditions were 1.5 years older than patients with normal breast development (p < 0.0005). Forty-one abnormal breast events were observed in 37 patients, with 20 described as gynaecomastia or lipomastia (49%). Of the 37 patients, 44% (n = 19) had concurrent generalised lipodystrophy. Of those with an abnormal breast event, 71% of patients had CD4 counts > 500 cells/µL and were virologically suppressed (n = 29). Those on EFV had a significantly higher prevalence of breast abnormalities compared to other regimens (p = 0.016). Conclusion Of the studied patients, 6% had an abnormal breast condition. The use of EFV and increased age were associated with breast abnormalities in this population. Further research is needed to better understand the implications of this potential side effect.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42931836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current perspectives on paediatric HIV management from the Mexico International Aids Society Conference, 2019","authors":"M. Archary, L. Fairlie, A. Slogrove","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1027","url":null,"abstract":"While acknowledging the great achievements in getting 23 million people living with HIV to access antiretroviral treatment (ART) globally, there is still more to do in order to close the HIV treatment gap between the paediatric and adult ART programmes, with only 54% of children accessing ART compared to 62% of adults. Furthermore, while tremendous global gains have been made in preventing perinatal and postnatal HIV acquisition, HIV-exposed and uninfected children are still not achieving early childhood developmental outcomes comparable to HIV-unexposed children. In this article, we present highlights from two pre-conference meetings (11th International Workshop on HIV Pediatrics and 5th Workshop on Children and Adolescents HIV Exposed and Uninfected) and the International Aids Society (IAS) meeting held in Mexico in July 2019.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46114311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}