Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The influence of smoking and HIV infection on pulmonary function.","authors":"Annelotte E Sussenbach, Sjors W L van Gijzel, Samanta T Lalla-Edward, Willem D F Venter, Erica Shaddock, Charles Feldman, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Alinda G Vos","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1329","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prevalence of HIV, smoking, and pulmonary infections in South Africa are high.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the role of smoking and HIV status on lung function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study conducted in South Africa. Data included demographics, pulmonary risk factors and a spirometry test to obtain the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC). In the initial multivariable regression analysis, the effect of smoking on pulmonary function in HIV-positive adults was assessed. The analysis was repeated, assessing the influence of HIV status on lung function in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive smokers. The models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), time since HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral treatment (ART) use, occupational hazards, history of tuberculosis or pneumonia, indoor smoking and the presence of an indoor fireplace during childhood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 524 people living with HIV (PLWH, 66.7% female, mean age 40.9 years [s.d.; 9.4]) and 79 HIV-negative smokers (77.2% male, mean age 34.4 years [s.d.: 12.1]). Of the PLWH, 118 (22.5%) were past or current smokers and 406 (77.5%) were non-smokers. Smoking was not associated with changes in the FEV1 or FEV1/FVC ratio in multivariable regression analysis. In the second analysis, HIV status was also not associated with reduced pulmonary function following adjustment for confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neither smoking nor being HIV-positive was associated with decreased pulmonary function in this relatively young population. These findings should be confirmed in a longitudinal study, including an older population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"1329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8905446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10265043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of low antiretroviral adherence at an urban South African clinic: A mixed-methods study","authors":"Connor P. Bondarchuk, Nwabisa Mlandu, Tasneem Adams, E. de Vries","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1343","url":null,"abstract":"Background Low adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains a critical issue, especially in vulnerable populations. Although ART is responsible for greatly reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with HIV, low treatment adherence continues to impact the effectiveness of ART. Considering that a high level of adherence to ART is required for the excellent clinical outcomes with which ART is often associated, understanding the complex contextual and personal factors that limit high levels of treatment adherence remains paramount. Poor adherence remains an issue in many South African communities many years after the introduction of ART. Objectives Our study sought to understand the specific factors and the interactions among them that contribute to non-adherence in this patient population in order to devise successful and contextually appropriate interventions to support ART adherence in PLHIV. Methods This mixed-methods study employed a study-specific questionnaire (N = 103) and semi-structured interviews (N = 8) to investigate the factors linked to non-adherence at the Heideveld Community Day Centre in Cape Town, South Africa. Results Over half (57.3%) of participants were ART non-adherent. Non-adherence was correlated with younger age, negative self-image and a low belief in the necessity of ART (P < 0.05). In patient interviews, alcohol use, treatment fatigue and stigmatisation emerged as contributors to suboptimal adherence. Conclusion The results suggest that there remains a need for context-sensitive interventions to support PLHIV in South African communities. Future research needs to ensure that these targeted interventions take these factors into consideration.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46632258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple opportunistic infections (pulmonary tuberculosis, <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex and parvovirus B19) in a single patient.","authors":"Midhun T John,&nbsp;Michelle Venter,&nbsp;Jenifer Vaughan,&nbsp;Marianne Black,&nbsp;Daniel Prince,&nbsp;Aishwarya M Luke,&nbsp;Mithra John","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HIV infection is a common disease in the South African population. The virus can lead to the development of many opportunistic infections. This case study examines co-infection with three opportunistic infections and the need for clinical suspicion of infections in our HIV population.</p><p><strong>Patient presentation: </strong>A 36-year-old unemployed female residing in Soweto, Johannesburg, presented at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (CHBAH). She was HIV positive, defaulting treatment, with no other comorbidities. She presented to CHBAH with general body weakness, diarrhoea, cough and constitutional symptoms; clinically she appeared pale and chronically ill. A differential diagnosis was made of multiple infections co-inhabiting the patient.</p><p><strong>Management and outcome: </strong>The patient had blood, sputum, radiological and invasive bone marrow aspiration, and trephine biopsies completed. The investigations revealed that she was co-infected with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB), <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC) and parvovirus B19. The TB and disseminated MAC infection were managed with rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and azithromycin, and reinitiation of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment was planned on further follow-up of the ARV drug resistance test. The parvovirus B19 infection was managed with immunoglobulins (Polygam) and steroids (prednisone). She was discharged successfully for further follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A thorough history, clinical examination and subsequent targeted investigations are vital to arriving at the correct diagnosis or diagnoses. The case presented above serves to illustrate how three life-threatening opportunistic infections (OIs), all with differing treatments, may present in a single patient. Clinicians caring for immunosuppressed patients need to remain vigilant for the presence of multiple OIs occurring simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39927420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the high rejection rates of HIV 1/2 serology samples at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and the cost implications.","authors":"Bhaveshan Reddy,&nbsp;Naseem Cassim,&nbsp;Florette Treurnicht,&nbsp;Zinhle Makatini","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most requested test sets within Virology and forms an essential part of patient management. Assessment of the rejection criteria is a key quality indicator, crucial for improving laboratory services and efficiency to ensure accurate and reliable results.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify the factors that influence the HIV 1/2 serology rejection rates (RR) at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and to evaluate the associated costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted (June to December 2019) to identify the RR and rejection criteria of HIV serology samples throughout the total testing process. Descriptive analysis using percentages and frequencies was used to analyse the RR by phase, health establishment, ward and healthcare professional. A cost analysis incorporating minor and major costs was modelled in each phase of testing, and the total cost of rejections was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6678 tests were received, and 738 were rejected (RR = 11.1%). The pre-analytical phase contributed significantly to the overall RR, with the requirement of a separate sample (57.44%) the most common reason for rejection. The total cost per rejected test was $2.47, which amounted to a total rejection cost of $197.55, of which $158.18 was caused by the pre-analytical rejection criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High RR of HIV tests were noted, resulting in significant cost wastage. Identification and analysis of rejections must be implemented across all laboratories to improve the efficiency of testing, provide a cost-saving benefit and maintain high laboratory standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8832030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39927421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rifampicin resistance and mortality in patients hospitalised with HIV-associated tuberculosis.","authors":"Ruan Spies,&nbsp;Charlotte Schutz,&nbsp;Amy Ward,&nbsp;Avuyonke Balfour,&nbsp;Muki Shey,&nbsp;Mark Nicol,&nbsp;Rosie Burton,&nbsp;Bianca Sossen,&nbsp;Robert Wilkinson,&nbsp;David Barr,&nbsp;Graeme Meintjes","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with HIV and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) are at high risk of death.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the association between rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and mortality in a cohort of patients who were admitted to hospital at the time of TB diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Adults hospitalised at Khayelitsha Hospital and diagnosed with HIV-associated TB during admission, were enrolled between 2013 and 2016. Clinical, biochemical and microbiological data were prospectively collected and participants were followed up for 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with microbiologically confirmed TB (<i>n</i> = 482) were enrolled a median of two days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-3 days) following admission. Fifty-three participants (11.0%) had RR-TB. Participants with rifampicin-susceptible TB (RS-TB) received appropriate treatment a median of one day (IQR: 1-2 days) following enrolment compared to three days (IQR: 1-9 days) in participants with RR-TB. Eight participants with RS-TB (1.9%) and six participants with RR-TB (11.3%) died prior to the initiation of appropriate treatment. Mortality at 12 weeks was 87/429 (20.3%) in the RS-TB group and 21/53 (39.6%) in the RR-TB group. RR-TB was a significant predictor of 12-week mortality (hazard ratio: 1.88; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-3.29; <i>P</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mortality at 12 weeks in participants with RR-TB was high compared to participants with RS-TB. Delays in the initiation of appropriate treatment and poorer regimen efficacy are proposed as contributors to higher mortality in hospitalised patients with HIV and RR-TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"1396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9575347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SAHCS 2021 Conference Summary.","authors":"David C Spencer","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1371","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"1371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9082288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10246475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative performance of cardiovascular risk prediction models in people living with HIV.","authors":"Irtiza S Tahir,&nbsp;Alinda G Vos,&nbsp;Johanna A A Damen,&nbsp;Roos E Barth,&nbsp;Hugo A Tempelman,&nbsp;Diederick E Grobbee,&nbsp;Karine Scheuermaier,&nbsp;Willem D F Venter,&nbsp;Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current cardiovascular risk assessment in people living with HIV is based on general risk assessment tools; however, whether these tools can be applied in sub-Saharan African populations has been questioned.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess cardiovascular risk classification of common cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models compared to the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) 2010 and 2016 models in people living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cardiovascular disease risk was estimated by Framingham Cardiovascular and Heart Disease (FHS-CVD, FHS-CHD), Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and D:A:D 2010 and 2016 risk prediction models for HIV-infected participants of the Ndlovu Cohort Study, Limpopo, rural South Africa. Participants were classified to be at low (< 10%), moderate (10% - 20%), or high-risk (> 20%) of CVD within 10 years for general CVD and five years for D:A:D models. Kappa statistics were used to determine agreement between CVD risk prediction models. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis comprised 735 HIV-infected individuals, predominantly women (56.7%), average age 43.9 (8.8) years. The median predicted CVD risk for D:A:D 2010 and FHS-CVD was 4% and for ASCVD and FHS-CHD models, 3%. For the D:A:D 2016 risk prediction model, the figure was 5%. High 10-year CVD risk was predicted for 2.9%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 3.1% and 6.6% of the study participants by FHS-CVD, FHS-CHD, ASCVD, and D:A:D 2010 and 2016. Kappa statistics ranged from 0.34 for ASCVD to 0.60 for FHS-CVD as compared to the D:A:D 2010 risk prediction model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, predicted CVD risk is low in this population. Compared to D:A:D 2010, CVD risk estimated by the FHS-CVD model showed similar overall results for risk classification. With the exception of the D:A:D model, all other risk prediction models classified fewer people to be at high estimated CVD risk. Prospective studies are needed to develop and validate CVD risk algorithms in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"1395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9757823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among people living with HIV: An Egyptian cohort study.","authors":"Fatma Elrashdy,&nbsp;Suzan Hagag,&nbsp;Rahma Mohamed,&nbsp;Shereen Abdel Alem,&nbsp;Safa Meshaal,&nbsp;Ahmed Cordie,&nbsp;Aisha Elsharkawy,&nbsp;Gamal Esmat","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Egypt used to have one of the highest hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence rates worldwide, with an estimated HCV prevalence of around 4.5% to 6.7%.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the HCV infection incidence rate amid Egyptian patients living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 460 HIV-positive patients were recruited in a retrospective cohort study from Imbaba Fever Hospital, Cairo, between January 2016 and March 2019. The patients had a negative baseline and at least one other HCV antibody test. Hepatitis C virus antibody testing was done by antibody sandwich third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The hepatitis C virus infection incidence rate among HIV-infected patients was calculated using the person-time incidence rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and eighteen patients were finally included: 146 (31.7%) patients were excluded for having a positive baseline HCV Ab result and 96 patients were excluded for not having a follow-up HCV Ab test. Eighteen patients had HCV seroconversion (8.3%), achieving an incidence rate of 4.06 cases per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval: 3.87-4.24). Injection drug use (IDU) was the commonest risk factor among seroconverters, with an HCV incidence rate of 7.08 cases per 100 person-years. Injection drug use history was reported in 83.3% of the seroconverters and in only 47.2% of non-seroconverters; <i>P</i> = 0.005.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Egyptian HIV-infected patients show a high incidence rate of HCV infection especially among those who have a history of IDU. Accordingly, attention should be paid for prevention, screening and timely treatment of HCV in patients infected with HIV.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>The demonstration of a high HCV infection incidence rate among HIV-infected patients and shows the need for screening and prevention in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"1442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10433286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Southern African HIV Clinicians Society 2022 guideline for the management of sexually transmitted infections: Moving towards best practice.","authors":"Remco P H Peters,&nbsp;Nigel Garrett,&nbsp;Nomathemba Chandiwana,&nbsp;Ranmini Kularatne,&nbsp;Adrian J Brink,&nbsp;Karen Cohen,&nbsp;Katherine Gill,&nbsp;Thato Chidarikire,&nbsp;Camilla Wattrus,&nbsp;Jeremy S Nel,&nbsp;Mahomed Y S Moosa,&nbsp;Linda-Gail Bekker","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"1450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9575338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10717775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight gain in children from birth to 10 years on antiretroviral treatment.","authors":"Janine Scholtz,&nbsp;Susanna M Ellis,&nbsp;Herculina S Kruger","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inadequate weight gain could indicate clinical deterioration in infants and children living with HIV (CLHIV). The World Health Organization's (WHO) weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) growth standards and reference charts are currently used in South Africa to assess weight gain in CLHIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess weight gain patterns of infants and children initiated on ART and to compare weight gain patterns between the WHO WAZ growth standards and population-specific curves constructed from data of CLHIV on ART.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A quantitative, retrospective and descriptive-comparative design was used. The weight gain patterns of 98 infants and children from birth to 10 years old during the 24-month period following ART initiation were recorded and assessed using two different growth charts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The children's rate of weight and length gain improved significantly over 24 months since ART initiation, but complete catch-up growth was never achieved. Most (69%) of the children had increased weight gain according to the WAZ growth standard and reference charts versus only 16% according to the HIV-specific weight gain curves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Antiretroviral treatment improved weight and height gain in CLHIV, but the interpretations of weight gain differed significantly between the WHO chart and HIV-specific weight gain curves. Population- and treatment-specific references could improve weight monitoring in CLHIV and assist in the timeous identification of malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"1413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9634957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10722539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}