Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine最新文献_第4页

Determinants of health-related quality of life in young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV infection in Botswana 博茨瓦纳围产期获得性艾滋病毒感染青年健康相关生活质量的决定因素

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1362

G. Karugaba, G. Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, M. Moleki, Onkabetse V Mabikwa, M. Matshaba

{"title":"Determinants of health-related quality of life in young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV infection in Botswana","authors":"G. Karugaba, G. Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, M. Moleki, Onkabetse V Mabikwa, M. Matshaba","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1362","url":null,"abstract":"Background Due to the successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in Botswana, large numbers of perinatally HIV-infected adolescents are emerging into young adulthood. Young adulthood is a critical period of human development. However, there is lack of information on the factors affecting the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV (YALPH) in Botswana. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the HRQOL and its determinants among YALPH who were enrolled on ART at Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence in Gaborone, Botswana. Method A cross-sectional study assessed the HRQOL of 509 YALPH aged 18–30 years using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF. Data about other variables of interest were abstracted from medical records. Bivariate analyses were performed using t and Chi-square tests to determine the associations between demographic and clinical variables and general HRQOL. The variables that were associated with the general HRQOL at P-value < 0.1 were included in the multivariable analysis using the logistic regression approach. Results The majority of participants had good general HRQOL (78.4%). The highest mean HRQOL score was in the Physical domain (5.4 [± 2.9]) and the lowest in the Environment domain (13.8 [± 2.7]). The factors that were significantly associated with the general HRQOL included: level of education attained (P = 0.012), employment status (P = 0.069), viral load suppression (P = 0.073) and self-reported illness (P = 0.001). Conclusion Interventions that effectively increase educational attainment, employment opportunities, ART adherence, and prevention or management of illness are needed to promote good HRQOL among YALPH in Botswana.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49640743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Where are the children? Case finding in 5–14-year-olds living with HIV in Johannesburg 孩子们在哪里？约翰内斯堡5-14岁艾滋病毒感染者的病例发现

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1378

J. Dunlop, C. Tait, M. Mabitsi, K. Rees

引用次数: 0

Understanding patients reinitiating antiretroviral therapy in two South African districts 了解南非两个地区的患者重新开始抗逆转录病毒疗法

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1380

K. Rees., Melanie A Bisnauth, Cara O'Connor, Tshifhiwa Ramvhulela, Nomzamo Vali

引用次数: 2

Psychosocial support for adolescents and youth living with HIV during COVID-19: A differentiated approach is needed 2019冠状病毒病期间为感染艾滋病毒的青少年和青年提供社会心理支持:需要采取区别对待的办法

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1379

C. Tait, Njabulo Mbanda, Rudairo Tumba, M. Vujovic, Kate Rees

引用次数: 0

Alere Determine-tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan positivity in disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria: An illustrative case series 弥散性非结核分枝杆菌的Alere测定-结核脂阿拉伯糖甘露聚糖阳性:一个说明性病例系列

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1369

R. Greyling, G. Meintjes, B. Sossen

{"title":"Alere Determine-tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan positivity in disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria: An illustrative case series","authors":"R. Greyling, G. Meintjes, B. Sossen","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1369","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In outpatients, the World Health Organization recommends that the urine Alere Determine-tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan (AlereLAM) should be used to support the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) with CD4 counts ≤ 100 cells/µL or with signs of being ‘seriously ill’. There is a risk of a false-positive AlereLAM in disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections and it may be difficult to differentiate a single infection (either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or NTM) from dual infection. Patient presentation We report three patients, enrolled in an operational study assessing AlereLAM use in an outpatient setting, who had advanced HIV (all CD4 < 20 cells/µL) and strongly positive (grade 4+) AlereLAM results in whom Mycobacterium avium or kansasii were later cultured from blood or urine and sputum. Management and outcome Based on positive AlereLAM results, all three were initiated on TB treatment. One died before NTM infection was detected. Two were managed for dual infection (TB and NTM) but died within two years. Conclusion Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death and a disproportionate number of these deaths occur in PLHIV. Tuberculous treatment should be initiated based on a positive AlereLAM result, and this should be followed by additional testing to confirm the diagnosis of TB and to obtain drug susceptibility results. In those not responding to TB treatment where the only positive result was an AlereLAM, an alternative or additional diagnosis of NTM infection should be considered, particularly in patients with a very low CD4 count.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41754046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between socio-economic factors and HIV self-testing knowledge amongst South African women 南非妇女的社会经济因素与艾滋病毒自我检测知识之间的关系

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1347

Michael Ekholuenetale, CHIMEZIE IGWEGBE NZOPUTAM, Osaretin Christabel Okonji

{"title":"Association between socio-economic factors and HIV self-testing knowledge amongst South African women","authors":"Michael Ekholuenetale, CHIMEZIE IGWEGBE NZOPUTAM, Osaretin Christabel Okonji","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1347","url":null,"abstract":"Background Self-testing for HIV is an effective and alternative method of increasing HIV testing rates and a strategy for reaching populations that are underserved by HIV testing services. Nonetheless, many resource-constrained settings are yet to adopt HIV self-testing (HIVST) into their national HIV programmes. Objectives This study aimed to examine the association between socio-economic factors and HIVST knowledge amongst South African women. Method We used nationally representative data from the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey. A sample of 8182 women of reproductive age was analysed. The outcome variable was HIVST knowledge. This was measured dichotomously; know versus do not know about HIVST. The multivariable logistic model was used to examine the measures of association, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results The prevalence rate of HIVST knowledge was found to be approximately 24.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.9–26.1) amongst South African women. Women with tertiary education were 3.93 times more likely to have HIVST knowledge, when compared with those with no formal education (odds ratio [OR]: 3.93; 95% CI: 1.37–11.26). Rural residents had a 33% reduction in HIVST knowledge when compared with those residing in urban areas (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51–0.89). The odds of interaction between the richer and richest women who have good knowledge of HIV infection were 1.88 and 2.24 times more likely to have HIVST knowledge, respectively, when compared with those from the poorest wealth household who have good knowledge of HIV infection. Conclusion Based on the low level of HIVST knowledge, the findings emphasise the importance of developing effective HIVST educational campaigns. Moreover, programmes should be designed to address the unique needs of the socio-economically disadvantaged women.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48162473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Evaluation of the modified Wells score in predicting venous thromboembolic disease in patients with tuberculosis or HIV in a South African setting 改良Wells评分预测南非结核病或HIV患者静脉血栓栓塞疾病的评估

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1349

Tweedy Keokgale, S. V. van Blydenstein, Ishmail S. Kalla

{"title":"Evaluation of the modified Wells score in predicting venous thromboembolic disease in patients with tuberculosis or HIV in a South African setting","authors":"Tweedy Keokgale, S. V. van Blydenstein, Ishmail S. Kalla","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1349","url":null,"abstract":"Background There is paucity of data on the modified Wells score (MWS) utility on patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a South African setting where there is a high burden of HIV and tuberculosis (TB). This study analyses the performance of this score in HIV/TB-infected patients compared with non-infected patients. Objectives To assess the performance of the MWS as an additional risk factor for VTE in hospitalised patients with a high burden of HIV/TB infections. Method This study was a retrospective cross-sectional cohort analysis of the utility of the MWS in 156 HIV/TB-infected and non-infected adult patients diagnosed with VTE on compression ultrasonography (CUS) or computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in a medical inpatient setting over six months. Patients with HIV and/or TB were assessed as having an additional risk factor (1 point for each), and this was compared with the MWS. A McNeymar’s paired sample chi-squared test was used to compare the sensitivity of this score against the MWS. Results Of the 156 patients with VTE who were enrolled, HIV was the commonest risk factor (42.31%) with TB accounting for 10.90% of cases. When the MWS adjusted for HIV/TB was used, the sensitivity increased from 25% to 100% for the HIV–/TB+ category, it increased from 77.36% to 98.11% in the HIV+/TB– category and it increased from 84.62% to 92.95% in the HIV+/TB+ category. These differences were statistically significant at P < 0.05 in all categories. Conclusion The MWS performs better when the infectivity of HIV/TB is included as an additional risk factor in the score.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42245994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cytomegalovirus retinitis and antiretroviral treatment: A fifteen year experience 巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎与抗逆转录病毒治疗：15年经验

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1322

Serisha Jay Narain, L. Visser, W. Sibanda

{"title":"Cytomegalovirus retinitis and antiretroviral treatment: A fifteen year experience","authors":"Serisha Jay Narain, L. Visser, W. Sibanda","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1322","url":null,"abstract":"Background South Africa’s public antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme has undergone progressive changes since its introduction in 2004. The effect of this on the burden of the AIDS-defining opportunistic infection, cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), in SA, has not been fully appreciated. Objectives To determine the effect of ART availability in the public sector of SA on the trend in the number of cases of newly diagnosed CMVR over time. Methods This is a retrospective study from 01 November 2002 to 31 August 2017 that took place at a tertiary hospital in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. Results A total of 383 participants were included in the study, with 60.1% being female and 94% of black African origin. The mean age of patients was 34.08 years (SD ± 7.24). A linear trend model suggested an overall linear decrease in the number of new cases of CMVR per year (R2 of 0.67). The average number of new cases of CMVR per year prior to ART being available to all persons living with HIV (PLWH) with a CD4+ ≤ 350 cells/μL and after was 34 and 13, respectively, and the difference (61.76%) between these values was statistically significant, P = 0.001. The median CD4+ count at diagnosis of CMVR was 22 (interquartile range: 9–51.25) cells/μL. An overall 51% of patients in this study were on ART at diagnosis of CMVR. There was a higher proportion of patients on ART ≤ 6 months (63.3%), compared with those on ART > 6 months (36.7%), and the difference was statistically significant, P < 0.01. Conclusion ART has resulted in a decrease in the burden of CMVR on ophthalmic services for many in KZN, particularly following the introduction of ART for all PLWH with a CD4 ≤ 350 cells/μL.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44595824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1335

Anisca Louwrens,Carla M.T. Fourie,Shani Botha-Le Roux,Yolandi Breet

{"title":"Age-related differences in the vascular function and structure of South Africans living with HIV","authors":"Anisca Louwrens,Carla M.T. Fourie,Shani Botha-Le Roux,Yolandi Breet","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1335","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As the life expectancy of people living with the HIV increases because of antiretroviral treatment (ART), their risk for vascular co-morbidities and early vascular ageing (EVA) also increases.Objective: We aimed to investigate whether HIV infection relates to vascular structure and function in black South African adults and whether this relationship is age dependent.Method: This cross-sectional study carried out in urban and rural areas of North West province, South Africa, included 572 age- and sex-matched people living with HIV (PLWH) and without HIV. Participants from the EndoAfrica study and PURE study were stratified according to tertiles of age. Measures of vascular structure (carotid intima-media thickness) and function (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, central systolic blood pressure, central pulse pressure and pulse pressure amplification) were determined.Results: Blood pressure measures were lower in PLWH compared with their controls (all P ≤ 0.001), especially in the younger and middle-aged groups (all P ≤ 0.031), whilst vascular measures did not differ (all P ≥ 0.611). In multivariate linear regression analyses, vascular measures were not associated with a HIV- positive status in either the total or any of the age groups.Conclusion: Black South Africans living with HIV have a less adverse blood pressure profile than their counterparts without HIV. The HIV-positive status was not associated with measures of vascular structure or function in any age group. The results suggest that HIV does not contribute to EVA in this population; however, further longitudinal investigation is warranted.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.7 4区医学

Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.23i1.1335

Anisca Louwrens, C. Fourie, Shani Botha-le Roux, Y. Breet

{"title":"Age-related differences in the vascular function and structure of South Africans living with HIV","authors":"Anisca Louwrens, C. Fourie, Shani Botha-le Roux, Y. Breet","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.23i1.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.23i1.1335","url":null,"abstract":"Background As the life expectancy of people living with the HIV increases because of antiretroviral treatment (ART), their risk for vascular co-morbidities and early vascular ageing (EVA) also increases. Objective We aimed to investigate whether HIV infection relates to vascular structure and function in black South African adults and whether this relationship is age dependent. Method This cross-sectional study carried out in urban and rural areas of North West province, South Africa, included 572 age- and sex-matched people living with HIV (PLWH) and without HIV. Participants from the EndoAfrica study and PURE study were stratified according to tertiles of age. Measures of vascular structure (carotid intima-media thickness) and function (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, central systolic blood pressure, central pulse pressure and pulse pressure amplification) were determined. Results Blood pressure measures were lower in PLWH compared with their controls (all P ≤ 0.001), especially in the younger and middle-aged groups (all P ≤ 0.031), whilst vascular measures did not differ (all P ≥ 0.611). In multivariate linear regression analyses, vascular measures were not associated with a HIV- positive status in either the total or any of the age groups. Conclusion Black South Africans living with HIV have a less adverse blood pressure profile than their counterparts without HIV. The HIV-positive status was not associated with measures of vascular structure or function in any age group. The results suggest that HIV does not contribute to EVA in this population; however, further longitudinal investigation is warranted.","PeriodicalId":49489,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44720655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1