{"title":"Copyright","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0195-5616(25)00123-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0195-5616(25)00123-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49380,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal Practice","volume":"55 6","pages":"Page ii"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0195-5616(25)00124-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0195-5616(25)00124-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49380,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal Practice","volume":"55 6","pages":"Pages iii-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Quick Reference on Phosphorus.","authors":"Bernie Hansen, Helio Autran de Morais","doi":"10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the body, phosphorus exists primarily as phosphate, an essential ion involved in many metabolic processes, including the production of nucleotide energy carriers such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The majority of phosphate is stored in bone as hydroxyapatite, forming a slowly exchangeable pool that is available to maintain extracellular phosphate concentration during periods of reduced intake. The pool of phosphate readily available for use in the extracellular fluid accounts for less than 1% of total body phosphate. The most common causes of severe hypophosphatemia requiring treatment are intensive insulin therapy and refeeding syndrome, whereas chronic or acute renal failure is the most common cause of hyperphosphatemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49380,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapy of Potassium Disorders.","authors":"Sabrina N Hoehne","doi":"10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wide variety of underlying disease processes in dogs and cats can be associated with potassium disorders. Both moderate-to-severe hypokalemia and hyperkalemia can have immediately life-threatening consequences and veterinary clinicians must be adept at rapid recognition and correction of dyskalemias. The mainstay of hypokalemia therapy is the treatment of the underlying disease process with concurrent parenteral and/or enteral replacement of potassium. Hyperkalemia therapy aims at stabilizing the cardiac membrane potential to prevent life-threatening complications, transiently increasing intracellular potassium uptake to mitigate the effects of high extracellular potassium concentrations, and enhancing or re-establishing urinary potassium excretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":49380,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy in the Patient with Cardiac Disease in Advances on Fluid Electrolytes and Acid Base Disorders.","authors":"Darcy Adin, Adesola Odunayo","doi":"10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using a framework of understanding the pathophysiology of heart disease, this article discusses considerations for prescribing fluids in patients with cardiac disease as well as those with heart failure. It highlights the importance of recognizing electrolyte and volume abnormalities, which are common in congestive heart failure, and the need for goal-directed, individualized fluid therapy to maintain balance and prevent worsening of heart failure or renal impairment. The article covers fluid management strategies, including resuscitation, rehydration, maintenance, and considerations during congestive heart failure, along with the significance of monitoring electrolytes - especially sodium potassium, chloride, and magnesium - to optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49380,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Approach to Acid-Base Disorders.","authors":"Daniel J Fletcher, Helio Autran de Morais","doi":"10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acid-base disorders are common in emergent and critically ill patients. Acid-base analysis of blood gas samples can provide important diagnostic and therapeutic information to aid the clinician in managing these dynamic cases. This article describes clinical approaches to both traditional and semi-quantitative acid-base analysis to provide comprehensive insight into the metabolic and respiratory acid-base status of patients with both simple and complex acid-base disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":49380,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluid Therapy in the Neonatal or Pediatric Patient.","authors":"Jamie M Burkitt-Creedon, Karen Michelle Vernau","doi":"10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews fluid therapy principles for puppies and kittens, emphasizing their higher and distinct fluid and electrolyte requirements compared to adults. It discusses clinical signs, diagnostic tools, and routes of administration-preferably enteral, with intravenous and intraosseous for severe cases. Tailored maintenance rates and rehydration strategies are outlined, highlighting the importance of rapid, appropriate fluid replacement in dehydration, ongoing losses, and shock. The text underscores the necessity of close monitoring and individualized treatment plans, considering the unique physiology of neonatal and pediatric animals. Proper fluid management is essential to improve survival and health outcomes in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49380,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Quick Reference on Chloride.","authors":"Yu Ueda","doi":"10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chloride, the most abundant extracellular anion, is vital for maintaining electroneutrality, acid-base balance, and neuromuscular function. It closely interacts with sodium and helps regulate osmolality and fluid balance. Corrected chloride concentrations, calculated using measured chloride and sodium concentrations, assist clinicians in distinguishing true chloride imbalances from changes caused by water balance alterations. In acid-base regulation, chloride has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate: hyperchloremia typically indicates metabolic acidosis, while hypochloremia suggests metabolic alkalosis. Recent studies in both humans and animals show that abnormal chloride levels are linked to increased morbidity and mortality, highlighting their clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49380,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}