Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Characteristics and Assessment of Groundwater Quality of the Aquifers in Djeffara Medenine (Southeastern-Tunisia)","authors":"S. Sahal, S. Kamel, B. Ayed, I. Nouiri","doi":"10.1134/s0097807822600917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807822600917","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The objective of this study is to contribute to identify the hydrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics and groundwater quality aptitude for irrigation and drinking water uses in arid and semi-arid areas. The study area is the Djeffara of Medenine, in southeastern Tunisia. This region is facing increasing drinking water needs due to a rapidly growing population, increased urbanization and touristic activities. Fresh groundwater is the main source of water supply. The methodology used a hydrogeological survey as well as periodic sampling campaigns and interpretation of geochemical and isotopic groundwater data in the study area. Results demonstrated that the mineralization increase from upstream to downstream and its origins is the dissolution of sulphated salts (gypsum, anhydrite, epsomite, burkeite, thenardite and mirabilite) and chloride (halite and magnesium chloride) associated with the crust. Results approve hydrogeological communication between Zeuss Koutine (ZK) and Sahel El Ababsa Triassic sandstone (TSE) aquifers and the rainwater direct recharge of the two aquifers of the Djeffara groundwater system. Furthermore, the groundwater quality map shows three water types: suitable, moderate and unsuitable water for irrigation purposes. While, results for drinking purposes demonstrate that the ZK aquifer is more favorable for drinking than Triassic SE aquifer. Which 86 percent of resources really used for drinking water by the National Company of Drinking Water Supply (SONEDE) and rural water supply by regional Commissary for Agricultural Development (CRDA) [24].</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Un-Steady Non-Darcy Flow in Rockfill Materials (RFM)","authors":"H. Hajikazemian, J. Bazargan, M. Shokri, M. Safarian, H. Norouzi","doi":"10.1134/s0097807821100791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807821100791","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this work, we studied the behavior of the unsteady flow in rockfill materials (i.e., grained porous media) both experimentally and numerically. The unsteady flow was created by moving up and down a hatch installed at the end of the channel. Experimental data were collected and stochastically analyzed, and Forchheimer relation coefficients were accurately calculated. Then, the Saint Venant equations were considered as governing relations to analyze unsteady flow. In this study, we considered all terms of Saint Venant equations contrary to previous studies where some terms have been excluded from the analysis. For scrutinizing responses of numerical calculations, a sensitivity analysis was conducted based on <span>(Delta t)</span> and <span>(Delta x)</span>. By using binomial and power relations (separately), the values of depth and velocity of flow were computed and observed surface water profiles obtained. The comparison of the results revealed the high accuracy of computations so that the maximum computational error in moving up and down of the hatch was computed to be 3.4 and 2.9%, respectively. The results indicated the superiority of binomial equations to power, so that the maximum value of computational errors in binomial relations shows, on average, 22% relative improvement than power equations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical Characteristic of Spring Water in the Southern Part of Balashikha Urban District, Moscow Region","authors":"O. A. Lipatnikova, T. N. Lubkova, D. A. Yablonskaya, L. A. Dmitrieva","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700252","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article presents seasonal observation data on the concentrations of principal ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, <span>({text{NH}}_{4}^{ + })</span>, Cl^–, <span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span>, <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>, <span>({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>) and dissolved microelements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, U, V, Zn) in water in 12 springs in the Balashikha urban district, Moscow Region. The water was found to be weakly acid–near-neutral (pH 5.3–7.0), with a TDS of 120–730 mg/L; in terms of microelement composition, it is sulfate–hydrocarbonate, chloride- and nitrate-sulfate, chloride and sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride, mostly calcium, magnesium- and sodium-calcium, rarer calcium-sodium. It is shown that the mean microelement concentrations are generally at the level typical of groundwater in the leaching zone with moderate climate and do not exceed the MACs (except for Fe and Mn in water of some springs). The data of spring sampling was used to characterize groundwater chemistry in different aquifers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorine Concentrations in the Lena R. Water from 1995 to 2021","authors":"A. V. Savenko, V. S. Savenko, V. A. Efimov","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700227","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The method of direct potentiometry with a fluoride ion-selective electrode was used to determine the average concentrations—0.110 and 0.082 mg/L—of dissolved fluorine in the waters of the Lena River in 1995 and 2021 at the recession and peak of the spring-summer flood. Measurement results are compared with the data of studies in 1954–1980.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbulent Viscosity and Flow Resistance in Tidal Estuaries","authors":"A. M. Alabyan, E. D. Panchenko","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823602224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823602224","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Field hydrometric studies at the estuaries of the White Sea basin yielded data on some hydrodynamic features of reverse tidal currents. Among the mouth areas of tidal rivers studied in 2015–2022, the most interesting results were obtained at the mesotidal Kyanda estuary, flowing into Onega Bay, and at the macrotidal Syomzha estuary, flowing into Mezen estuary. The essence of the method used in the field studies is synchronic measurements of water flow by acoustic Doppler profilers and water levels by autonomous barometric recorders in two cross-sections, located at different distances from the river mouth, during an entire semidiurnal tidal cycle. The results of these measurements were used to evaluate the terms of Saint-Venant equation of motion and the roughness coefficients. It was found that in the tidal rivers, the flow resistance varies considerably during a tidal cycle. In periods of quasi-steady water flow in both directions during flood and ebb, the values of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor are 0.04–0.07, as is typical for rivers with similar morphological channel pattern and characteristics. However, in several cases, in periods close to slack water, the friction factor took negative values. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is a negative turbulent viscosity, which manifests itself in some phases of the tidal cycle, when the energy of eddy formations can be transferred to the translational motion of the water mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Geological Environmental Quality and Water Ecological Function in Zipingpu Reservoir Area of Chengdu City","authors":"Yang Zuanyun, Wang Yuanjun, Yang Shaoping, Chen Chao, Long Yanfei","doi":"10.1134/s0097807822602230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807822602230","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Zipingpu Reservoir, located in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River Basin in the middle section of Longmen Mountain in western Sichuan, is a large-scale water control project mainly for irrigation and water supply, with comprehensive benefits such as power generation, flood control, environmental protection, tourism and so on. The area of the reservoir area is 18.16 square kilometers. In May 2021, the group has carried on the detailed survey sampling in the scope, including five parts, the surface water sediment sample 6, 3 pieces of rock samples, respectively, the water of heavy metal measurement and analysis of characteristics of phytoplankton community structure, sediment measurement of heavy metals, petrophysical parameters and microscopic thin section identification, etc. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, it is considered that the reservoir area has the conditions for the occurrence of structural earthquakes; And the lateral percolation of the water body in the reservoir area is not strong. The environmental quality of surface water in the reservoir area is good, which is much lower than the standard limits of surface water resources class I and centralized drinking water; the content of heavy metals in surface sediments is generally between the limit of grade I and grade II of soil environment (alkalinity); the element accumulation index of the sampling site is between −4.30–0.37, indicating that there is no pollution; In which the individual samples of Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb elements 0 &lt; <i>I</i>_geo &lt; 1, and the accumulation indexes of Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn are all less than zero; the dominance index of phytoplankton in the sampling area varies from 0.00 to 0.14, with more dominant species; the range of phytoplankton density at sampling sites is 4585.9 −321019.1 cells/L, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index is between 3.6874–4.1508, indicating that the water quality in the sampling area is relatively good, showing micro-pollution or non-pollution. It will be a hot topic to apply the methods of structural geology, environmental geology, ecological geology and so on to water environmental quality assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental Composition of the Algae Spirogyra (Zygnematophyceae, Charophyta) from the Littoral Zone of Lake Baikal","authors":"N. N. Kulikova, E. P. Chebykin, E. A. Volkova, O. A. Timoshkin, A. N. Suturin","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823602248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823602248","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>ICP-MS method was used to study the elemental composition of benthic Baikal algae and algae of the genus Spirogyra, excessive growth of which was registered within the last decade in the littoral zone of Lake Baikal. The distribution of chemical elements in Spirogyra algae (Spirogyra “morphotype 1”) dominating stony littoral locations is as follows: Na ~ K ~ Ca ~ S ~ Ba &gt; Mg ≥ P &gt; Mn ≥ Cl) and Spirogyra spp. from tributary streams, shallow coves and bays with soft bottom grounds—Na &gt; K ≥ Ca ~ S ~ P ~ Ba ≥ Mg, Cl &gt; Mn. Spirogyra algae were characterized by higher content of Li, Na, Mn, Ba and atypical ratio of element concentrations: Na &gt; P, Na ≥ K and Ca, Mn &gt; Fe, Ba ~ Ca and S, Ba &gt; Sr compared to benthic Baikal algae. Maximum total content (∑<i>С</i>) of all detectable elements, <i>∑С</i> Na Mg P S Cl Ca Li Al Si Mn Zn Ba, <i>∑С</i> Na Cl P Mn are typical Spirogyra “morphotype 1,” dominant on littoral areas located in the vicinity to sources of heaviest wastewater emissions. Overgrowths of other Spirogyra species, capable of accumulating larger amounts of Li, Na, Cl, Br than Spirogyra “morphotype 1” are also confined to such pollution sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space and Time Variations of Snow Cover in the Southern Forest-Steppe in the Upper Ob Basin","authors":"N. I. Bykov, D. V. Chernykh, D. K. Pershin, R. Yu. Biryukov, L. F. Lubenets, D. V. Zolotov","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700264","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The features of seasonal snow accumulation over a long period are analyzed. Trends were revealed in variations of snow cover characteristics since the mid-1960s, and its spatial distribution, depending on landscapes in the southern forest steppe of the upper Ob, was determined. Data of state hydrometeorological stations and the authors’ snow-measurement works in 2011–2019 were used.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Characteristics of Snow Cover in the High-Latitude Arctic: Baranov Cape, Bolshevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago","authors":"O. V. Shevtsova, E. D. Dobrotina, A. B. Goncharova, A. P. Nedashkovsky","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700367","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>For the first time, the specific features of snow cover chemistry were studied in the period of its accumulation on Bolshevik Island (the area near the research station Cape Baranov Ice Base). In winter 2018/2019, the specific electric conductance, density, titrated acidity, pH, <span>({text{NH}}_{4}^{ + })</span>, <span>({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>, <span>({text{NO}}_{2}^{ - })</span>, <span>({text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }})</span>, and Si were measured in fresh and compacted snow and, additionally, Na⁺, К⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, and <span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span> were measured in compacted snow. Patterns of variations of fresh and compacted snow characteristics were identified, and the effect of marine and anthropogenic factors was discussed. Snow chemistry on Bolshevik Island was compared with the chemistry of precipitation and snow cover in other background areas of the Russian Federation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Characteristics of the Supraglacial Runoff of the Austre Grønfjordbreen, Spitsbergen","authors":"R. A. Chernov","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700355","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article considers the characteristics of two systems of the supraglacial runoff of the polar glacier: a hydro-network of streams and a porous layer of melting crust. Field methods have revealed fundamental differences between these systems in the drainage area and the features of the meltwater movement and runoff regime. Calculation of the supraglacial runoff has shown its maximum level in the hydro-network during the peak of snowmelt in July, while the runoff in the melting crust becomes predominant in the second half of summer (in August).</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}