Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"Geoscape Characterization of Ashtamudi, Sasthamkotta, and Vembanad Ramsar Sites in Kerala, India","authors":"Nandakrishnan, P. Rama Chandra Prasad","doi":"10.1134/s009780782360273x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s009780782360273x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Wetlands, which serve as transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic environments, play a crucial role in providing diverse ecosystem services for the sustenance of wildlife and mankind. Unfortunately, these delicate systems have experienced illicit human interventions in recent times, resulting in degradation and deterioration. Despite being designated as protected areas, wetlands are being exploited beyond their ecological capacity, posing a threat to their sustainability and potential existence in the near future. The present study aims to analyse the historical spatial changes in three wetlands located in Kerala, India, both before and after their declaration as Ramsar sites. Ashtamudi Lake, Sasthamkotta Lake, and Vembanad Lake were the focus areas, and the study employed multi-temporal satellite data sets from 1988 to 2023 to generate land use and land cover maps. The objective was to assess the ecological transitions, particularly the expansion of urbanization and subsequent reclamation of wetlands. By analysing the changes in aerial extent of each land cover class within the study area, the study identified spatio-temporal transitions and modifications occurring in and around the Ramsar sites. A comparison of the thematic maps from 1988 to 2023 revealed a significant increase in built-up areas and a noticeable reduction in vegetation, agriculture, and water bodies, both in terms of extent and quality. The study identified various socio-economic drivers that are responsible for these changes and emphasized the urgent need for regular monitoring and management of these wetland ecosystems. It stresses the importance of treating wetland conservation as a priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic Composition of Different Types of Natural Water Sources in the River Basins of the Crimean Mountains","authors":"T. S. Gubareva, G. N. Amelichev, B. I. Gartsman, S. V. Tokarev, L. I. Khrustaleva, V. M. Moreido","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700830","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of generalization of field studies of the ionic composition of natural waters in the river basins of the Crimean Mountains during hydrological and hydrochemical expedition surveys in 2021–2022 are presented. The boundaries of catchment areas and their recharge areas have been estimated and five main types of water circulating in the river basins have been identified. The main patterns of change in ion concentrations in the water with change in runoff in the outlet sections of the Kuchuk-Uzenbash and Tonas rivers and karst aquifer systems (Karstovyi and Ayan springs and Kizil-Koba Cave (Red Cave)) have been identified. The typification of underground spring waters by chemical composition and altitudinal position of their discharge onto the surface of the catchment areas demonstrates their vertical hydrochemical zonality on the scale of a small river basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Water Quality in the Modonkul River Assessed by Combinatory Pollution Index","authors":"Z. I. Khazheeva, A. M. Plyusnin, B. V. Dampilova","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700921","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Water quality in the Modonkul’ River, flowing in a territory with mining industry, is considered. The analyzed data characterize the period 2019–2021. The assessment of pollution or the parameterization of water quality were carried out using the universal combinatory index of water pollution. In the upper reaches of the Modonkyl’ River, the water chemistry is of hydrocarbonate calcium type. In the zone of mixing of river and mine waters, the water chemistry changes to sulfate, mostly, sodium-calcium-magnesium type. The general regularity in the behavior of microelements in the Modonkul’ R. water is an increase in their concentration at an increase in TDS. Downstream the river, the concentrations of heavy metals increase: Cu, Zn, Pb by 1.1–1.4 times; Mn, Co, As by 6.6–11 times; and Cd, by 8 times. In the upper reaches of the river, its water quality was classified as <i>weakly polluted</i>, 2nd class. Further downstream, the water is classified as <i>dirty</i>, 4th class with a decrease in the subclass from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the Dynamics of Characteristics of Snow Cover Formation Regime in Russian Federation Territory. 3. Field and Forest Areas in Siberia and Far East in the Historical Period","authors":"E. M. Gusev, O. N. Nasonova, E. E. Kovalev, E. A. Shurkhno","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700842","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>SWAP land surface model, developed by the authors of this article, was used to carry out many-year calculations of snow cover characteristics for forest and field areas in the main regions of Asian Russia: West Siberia, East Siberia, and Far East for a historic period (1967−2019). The comparison of simulation results with the appropriate data of route snow surveys at meteorological stations in the Asian part of RF showed that SWAP adequately reproduces the dynamics of snow water equivalent, snow depth and density in open areas and under forest canopy at the chosen sites. For all sites located in snow survey areas, climatic values of the characteristics of snow cover formation regime were obtained for two types of the land surface (forest and field) and two climatic periods (1967−1992 and 1993−2019) and used to identify trends in changes in these characteristics in the historic period. It was shown that the direction of changes in the climatic values of snow cover characteristics in forest and field areas in West Siberia, East Siberia, and Far East is the same and corresponds to projections for the XXI century derived from climate models.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Multilayer Karst Aquifer in the Huayingshan Coalfield, Southwest China","authors":"Wang Xiaotong, Chen Meng, Wu Yong, Yuan Renmao, Yao Jinqian","doi":"10.1134/s009780782360153x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s009780782360153x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The Huayingshan coalfield is one of the most important coal districts in Southwest China. Coal mining may have an impact on the hydrochemical characteristics and regional evolution of karst groundwater. This study aims to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics, identify the evolution processes, and influencing factors that govern the hydrochemistry in multilayer karst aquifers in the coalfield. Statistical methods and conventional techniques were utilized to gain a thorough understanding of the origin and hydrogeochemical evolution of karst groundwater. The results revealed that the groundwater was fresh water and natural to mildly alkaline. It suggested that the relative abundance of main ions was proposed to be Ca²⁺ <span>( gg )</span> Mg²⁺ &gt; K⁺ + Na⁺ for cations and <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span> <span>( gg )</span> <span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span> &gt; Cl^– &gt; <span>({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - })</span> for anions. A Piper diagram of the investigated water samples demonstrated that most groundwater was of the HCO₃-Ca type. The results showed that dissolution of carbonate, gypsum, halite, and silicate minerals highly influenced the formation of <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>, <span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span>, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺. Cation exchange and/or absorption was another important regulatory process. <span>({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - })</span> concentrations were excessively high, proving that karst water was affected by agricultural activities in certain aquifers. Moreover, S^2– concentrations were high in the borehole and mine tunnel samples, suggesting great acidification potential. Coal mining carries a risk of deteriorating the local water environment. This exposes sulfide minerals to oxygen and water, increases <span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span> concentration, and reduces groundwater pH. Scientific research must focus on specific recharge area locations, runoff and drainage pathways, and hydrochemical evolution processes of karst water, and the contact of sulfide with water and oxygen must be controlled to protect groundwater quality and reduce pollution. The results suggest it may be helpful for investigation and treatment of water environment pollution, aid the protection of karst groundwater in the Huayingshan coalfield, and serve as a model for other comparable studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Long-Term Dynamics of River Flow in the Lena River Basin Based on a Distributed Conceptual Runoff Model","authors":"A. I. Krylova, N. A. Lapteva","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700854","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A new version of a conceptual climate model of river runoff was used to calculate daily and monthly hydrographs for the Lena R. basin with the use of MERRA reanalysis data and data on runoff from R-ArcticNet archive over a 32-year period (1980–2011). The optimization of model parameters and corrections to precipitation allowed the authors to obtain a good quality of the calculated runoff hydrographs and to reveal a trend in the long-term runoff dynamics over the historical period since 1985 to 2011. The period 1985–2011 shows an abrupt increase in the surface air temperature, an increase in precipitation in the Arctic region since the mid-1980s, in particular, in the Lena River basin. The climate changes have led to changes in the hydrological regime of the river basin, and the question of assessing the long-term dynamics of water discharges over this period, in particular, using the conceptual model, gains in importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Physicochemical Properties and the Composition of Dubna River Water on the State of the Processes of Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Systems","authors":"V. O. Shvydkyi, A. S. Dubovik, M. V. Kozlov, A. Yu. Povkh, L. N. Shishkina","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700933","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The dynamics of water physicochemical properties and hydrochemical characteristics in the Dubna River was studied from April 18, 2021 to July 4, 2021. The study showed an increase in pH with increasing water temperature and considerable variation in the concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, and phosphate ions in it. Promising approaches were shown to be the use of mathematical processing of UV-spectra of water samples by Gauss method and model biological systems based on natural lipids (low-temperature oxidation of lecithin, and its ability to spontaneously aggregate in a polar environment) for assessing the quality of natural water and its effect on the regulation of oxidation processes in biological objects. Thus, analysis of UV-spectra revealed the presence in water of hydrophobic organic compounds throughout the observation period, compounds with conjugated double bonds and N-containing compounds in late April, free fatty acids, organic compounds with a carbonyl group and P-containing compounds at the end of May and an increase in the diversity of components in water samples in late June. Water samples taken in summer, increased the rate of lecithin oxidation by a factor of more than 1.8, and, throughout the observation period, they caused staged changes in the size of aggregates formed by it and produced a considerable effect on their dzeta-potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Physicochemical Profile and Heavy Metal Constituents in the Groundwaters of Rural Areas in Southwest Tanzania","authors":"M. J. Mkelemi, G. N. Mwaijengo, M. J. Rwiza","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823602765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823602765","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study focuses on groundwater quality in rural areas of Tanzania, addressing the literature gap on water quality data for sustainable rural development. Most rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa depend on groundwater for their domestic use. Despite this importance of groundwater for rural community development, limited research has been conducted on the physicochemical and heavy metal content, creating a significant knowledge gap. The absence of such information raises concerns about water quality in rural areas of Africa, posing potential challenges to public health and community well-being due to the risk of groundwater contamination. To bridge this gap, a comprehensive study was conducted to assess groundwater quality in a selected district, focussing on physicochemical and heavy metal content in 19 boreholes across various villages. The Water Quality Index (WQI) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed for providing a detailed evaluation of groundwater quality. Results revealed a widespread acidity, iron, and manganese in most boreholes, with 6 exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) and Tanzania Bureau standards (TBS) for Pb in rainy and dry seasons. Additionally, total dissolved solids, chloride, and hardness surpassed WHO and TBS limits in a single borehole. One-way ANOVA and paired <i>t</i>-tests confirmed significant differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) among boreholes and across seasons. Pearson’s correlation test found strongly significant dependences between pH and iron, as well as hardness and manganese. Approximately 73.68% of water samples were classified as poor and polluted water, rendering them unsuitable for drinking. Elevated heavy metals could be attributed to the region’s geological features and mining activities. The study underscores the need for pragmatic monitoring and treatment measures to address identified issues and ensure safe drinking water for the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Operational Performance and Sustainability of Water Supply Reservoirs in the Yesilirmak Basin, Turkey","authors":"Murat Pinarlik, Zeliha Selek","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823601632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823601632","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Water scarcity is becoming a common problem due to urbanization, industrialization, rapid population growth, and climate change. The situation is exacerbated in semi-arid and arid regions due to low or no rainfall and the resulting pronounced seasonality of river flows. Accurate assessment of reservoir operational performance plays a critical role in water resource sustainability and utilization. In this study, Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) models were developed to evaluate the operational performance of five reservoirs in the Yesilirmak Basin in Turkey. Since each reservoir is a single reservoir system, calibration of the WEAP model involved adjusting the approximate rule curves derived by the sequent peak algorithm and the allocation coefficient during hedging until the simulated reservoir storage states matched the observed ones as closely as possible. The agreement of the simulated storage capacities of the WEAP model with the measured volumes was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i> ²) and the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE). The results demonstrate that the WEAP model can be used to design and plan the operational strategies for the reservoirs in the Yesilirmak Basin. The performance of the reservoirs operated with the designed rule curves was evaluated using the reliability, resilience, vulnerability, and sustainability indices. For Cakmak, Corum and Yenihayat reservoirs, it is shown that these reservoirs are sufficient to meet the demand. The vulnerability of Alaca reservoir is only 1%, which is negligible. The vulnerability for Yedikir is 24% and the failure cannot be ignored.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic-Stochastic Modeling of Long-Term Level Regime of the Caspian Sea during Early Khvalynsk and Late Khvalynsk Transgressions","authors":"A. V. Frolov","doi":"10.1134/s009780782470091x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s009780782470091x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article presents the results of dynamic-stochastic modeling of long-term variations of Caspian Sea level during the Early khvalyn (Buinak stage) and the Late khvalyn (Makhachkala stage) transgressions. A linearized model of Caspian level variations with a negative feedback due to the dependence of sea water area on water level is shown to be applicable to the paleo-Caspian. The calculations were based on the results of simulation and analytical modeling. The regimes of long-term level variations in the paleo-Caspian Sea for the considered transgressions are shown to differ. For example, the variance of the Caspian Sea level for the Early and Late khvalyn transgressions is equal to 4.2 and 2.5 m², respectively, and the average duration of the level rise above its equilibrium value during a single event is ~50 and ~40 years, respectively. Estimates of the duration of sea level rises can be used to assess the possibility of formation of various coastal–shelf geomorphological forms during long-term level rises. The obtained characteristics of the processes of long-term sea level variations, including the variance, autocorrelation, probability distribution density, the mean duration of level rises above (or level drops below) specified level marks during one such event, the dependence of the parameter of inertia of level variations significantly expand our knowledge about the character of Caspian Sea level variations in the paleotime.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}