Western North American Naturalist最新文献

{"title":"Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) Morphology and Burrow Placement across a Latitudinal Range","authors":"Emma Solis, Emily Davis, Hallie Dickerson, Veronique Tessier, Taqwa Armstrong, Jessica Healy-La Price","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0310","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (TLGS; Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) are burrowing obligate hibernators whose species range extends over 20 degrees latitude in North America from Texas to Canada. Despite their ubiquity as laboratory animals for hibernation research, relatively little is known about their life history across their range in the wild. We live-trapped TLGS in parks or cemeteries from Texas to Minnesota, took morphological measurements, and conducted a survey of burrowing locations in 5 states across the latitudinal gradient. We found that soil texture and percent soil organic matter differed at field sites in different states, with Minnesota soil high in sand but low in clay and organic matter, and Texas soil highest in clay and organic matter. Soils at all trap sites were primarily sand or sand/silt, which is easy for animals to burrow through. We also found that burrows tended to be located within 2 m of some sort of visual barrier (usually headstones in cemeteries), but that the availability of preferred food items within 2 m was not predictive of burrow location. Finally, we found that TLGS in Minnesota were longer bodied than southern TLGS, but that the body mass index of Texas animals was higher than that in more northern populations, suggesting that Texas animals fatten for hibernation earlier. Together, these data suggest that, although TLGS experience different environmental conditions across their species range, they either select appropriate microhabitats across that range to meet their physiological requirements or have sufficient phenotypic plasticity to deal with highly variable environmental conditions. Resumen. Las ardillas de trece líneas (TLGS; Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) son hibernadores obligados excavadores cuyo rango de especies se extiende más de 20 grados de latitud en América del Norte desde Texas hasta Canadá. A pesar del uso común como animales de laboratorio para la investigación de la hibernación, se sabe relativamente poco sobre su historia de vida en su área de distribución en la naturaleza. Nosotras capturamos TLGS en parques o cementerios desde Texas hasta Minnesota, tomamos medidas morfológicas y realizamos un estudio de ubicaciones de excavación en 5 estados a lo largo del gradiente latitudinal. Encontramos diferencias en la textura y el porcentaje de materia orgánica en el suelo en los sitios de campo en diferentes estados, con el porcentaje más bajo de arcilla y materia orgánica y el porcentaje más alto de arena en Minnesota, y el porcentaje más alto de arcilla y materia orgánica en Texas, pero los sitios de trampa en todos los estados tenían suelos compuestos principalmente de arena o arena/limo que son fáciles de por los animales excavar. También las madrigueras estaban a menudo cerca de barreras visuales como lápidas en cementerios, pero la ubicación de las madrigueras no se predijo por la presencia de alimentos preferidos. Finalmente, encontramos que los TLGS en Minnesota tenían un cue","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"28 1","pages":"549 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81632504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Decline of Two Native Fish in the Moapa (Muddy) River, Nevada, 2007–2015","authors":"Ron B. Kegerries, Ron J. Rogers, Z. R. Shattuck, Brandon C. Albrecht, David J. Syzdek","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Aquatic ecosystems in the American Southwest have experienced biotic and abiotic degradation, which have deleteriously impacted the native fish communities that have evolved in these systems. The native fish community in the Moapa (Muddy) River in Nevada faces many of these challenges, including changes in flow regimes, changes in temperature regimes, habitat fragmentation, and nonnative species introductions. By 2007, the only native fishes to occupy the Muddy River downstream of the warm, spring-fed headwaters were Virgin River Chub Gila seminuda and Moapa Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus moapae. From 2007 to 2015, biannual standardized hoop-net sampling of portions of a 38-km reach of the Muddy River was utilized to characterize and monitor the fish community. The results of this study have shown a decline in the abundance of these native species through time, as well as changes in flow and temperature regimes throughout the study area. This is especially concerning because the Moapa Speckled Dace is a species endemic to the Muddy River and is state listed as Sensitive and of Conservation Priority. Although the protected status of the Muddy River population of Virgin River Chub is complicated due to the taxonomic uncertainty at the time of consideration for listing under the Endangered Species Act, the species is state listed as Sensitive and of Conservation Priority. In the nearby Virgin River, the species is federally listed as Endangered. Intervention through increased management, population monitoring, and additional research will be critical for these species to persist in the Muddy River. Resumen. Los ecosistemas acuáticos en el suroeste de Estados Unidos han experimentado una degradación biótica y abiótica, que ha afectado negativamente a las comunidades de peces nativos que han evolucionado en estos sistemas. La comunidad de peces nativos en el río Moapa (Muddy) en Nevada enfrenta muchos de estos desafíos, incluidos cambios en los regímenes de flujo, cambios en los regímenes de temperatura, fragmentación del hábitat e introducción de especies no nativas. En 2007, los únicos peces nativos que ocuparon el río Muddy aguas abajo de las cálidas cabeceras alimentadas por manantiales fueron el Virgin River Chub Gila seminuda y el Moapa Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus moapae. Entre 2007 y 2015, se utilizó un muestreo bianual estandarizado con redes de 38 kilómetros del río Muddy para caracterizar y monitorear la comunidad de peces. Los resultados de este estudio han mostrado una disminución en la abundancia de estas especies nativas a lo largo del tiempo, así como cambios en los regímenes de flujo y temperatura en toda el área de estudio. Esto es especialmente preocupante dado el hecho de que Moapa Speckled Dace es una especie endémica del río Muddy y está catalogada como sensible y de prioridad de conservación. Aunque el estado de protección de la población de Virgin River Chub en Muddy River es complicado debido a la incertidumb","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"4 1","pages":"510 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90628200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal Fog Enhances Physiological Function of Seaside Daisies (Erigeron glaucus)","authors":"Sarah E. Gomes, S. A. Baguskas","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0309","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Seaside daisy (Erigeron glaucus) is a plant native to fog-influenced coastal dune habitat in California. Seaside daisy is an important nectar plant to a variety of pollinators, especially butterflies, and is commonly used in coastal dune habitat restoration projects. In San Francisco, pollinator habitat restoration is critical for preserving species that would have otherwise been lost to urbanization. Advancing our basic understanding of how microclimate conditions (coastal fog in particular) impact the physiological function of the seaside daisy is an important first step to developing climate change–resilient habitat restoration plans. In semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems, coastal fog can augment plant water status in otherwise drought-stressed plants through fog drip to the soil, reduction of atmospheric stress, and/or leaf wetting that can result in foliar uptake of fog water. While there is a high degree of uncertainty as to how coastal fog frequency may be impacted by climate change, historical observations show a 33% decline in coastal fog along the Pacific Coast. As the climate continues to change, the potential reduction of this crucial water resource may negatively impact the plants within foggy environments. However, the importance of coastal fog in supporting the physiological function of seaside daisies has not yet been studied. We conducted a manipulative fog experiment to understand the relative importance of coastal fog and irrigation to the physiological function of seaside daisy plants. In a controlled chamber, plants were exposed to the following treatment groups: (1) fog and irrigation, (2) fog only, (3) irrigation only, and (4) neither fog nor irrigation. We measured leaf-level photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance using a portable photosynthesis system (Model Li-6800, LICOR Biosciences). We monitored microclimate conditions in each chamber as well as shallow soil moisture (5 cm) in a subset of the study plants. We found that photosynthesis rates increased when plants experienced simulated fog events, regardless of irrigation; irrigated plants increased by 26%, whereas nonirrigated plants increased by 31%. We also found that soil moisture was a weak predictor of photosynthesis rates, suggesting that heightened photosynthesis rates during fog events were not driven by fog drip to the soil in our study. Our results strongly suggest that fog matters to the function of this important nectar plant species and that the mechanism is likely foliar uptake of fog water. Our study informs how coastal fog events can increase the likelihood of survival for seaside daisies and therefore improve overall pollinator habitat quality. Resumen. La margarita costera (Erigeron glaucus) es una planta autóctona del hábitat de dunas costeras influenciada por la niebla en California. Es una especie de planta nectarífera importante para diversos polinizadores, especialmente mariposas, además, es utilizada habitualmente en proyectos de","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"41 1","pages":"537 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76651627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, Ecology, Morphology, and Status of the Inyo Mountains Salamander (Batrachoseps campi)","authors":"C. Norment","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Between 2009 and 2019, I studied the distribution and ecology of the Inyo Mountains salamander (IMS; Batrachoseps campi). The IMS is a rarely studied species endemic to the Inyo Mountains of California, and 1 of only 2 extant salamanders whose range is restricted to desert ecosystems. I found 2 new localities, increasing the documented localities to 21. I calculated a minimum convex polygon distributional range size of 458 km2 and estimated that in the Inyo Mountains there are ca. 15,200 linear meters of IMS riparian habitat, the most common habitat for the species. IMS occurred across an elevation gradient from 523 to 2625 m, mostly ≤2 m from surface water. However, I found 3 IMS individuals 200–500 m from the nearest surface water; along with a previous record, my observations suggest that small populations may occur at other high-elevation sites without permanent surface water. Riparian habitat supporting salamanders included a diverse mix of herbaceous and woody species, although IMS also occurred in areas with little vegetation. I found gravid females between 6 October and 5 November and between 18 March and 20 May. Some geographical variation in coloration occurred, with silver individuals common at 1 northwestern locality and very dark individuals predominating at 3 southern localities; individuals with intermediate amounts of dorsal silver were common elsewhere. Chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) was absent from 36 IMS tested. Long-term drought and intense flash flooding have impacted IMS habitat. Between 2010 and 2018, I observed decreased flow from 10 permanent water sources in the Inyo Mountains; 7 (33% of documented localities) support IMS. Although these declines generally appear small, continued drought could put small, localized populations at risk. Flash floods caused by convectional storms damaged riparian habitat in 38% of documented IMS localities, sometimes severely, and I failed to find IMS at 3 of these. However, I found little evidence for widespread IMS population decline across the species' range. Because all documented populations occur in federally designated wilderness and many are difficult to reach, direct human interference with the species is unlikely, as long as federal and state regulatory authority is maintained. To provide better data for properly managing the IMS, a standardized monitoring program should be implemented. Monitoring could occur at 5-year intervals and involve gathering presence/absence data at a subset of localities that are relatively easy to reach and search. Resumen. Entre 2009 y 2019 estudié la distribución y ecología de la salamandra de las Montañas Inyo (IMS por sus siglas en inglés; Batrachoseps campi). La IMS es una especie raramente estudiada, endémica de las Montañas Inyo de California, y una de las dos únicas salamandras existentes cuya área de distribución está restringida a ecosistemas desérticos. Encontré dos nuevas localidades, aumentando las localidades doc","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"11 1","pages":"460 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88651367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Canned Sardines or Dry Cat Food More Effective as Bait for Capturing Northwestern Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) and Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)?","authors":"Alexandria M. Fulton, Jonathan P. Rose, B. Halstead","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0314","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. During an occupancy study of Northwestern Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) and Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in California's Sacramento Valley in 2018, we tested the relative effectiveness of 2 bait types: sardines packed in soybean oil and Meow Mix® Original Choice dry cat food. We sampled 116 sites with 2 traps each: one baited with sardines and one baited with dry cat food. Sardines were 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–2.6) times more effective than dry cat food at capturing turtles in our study, and 63% of all captured turtles were caught in traps baited with sardines. Despite the slightly lower capture rate in traps baited with dry cat food, the significantly lower cost of cat food (about one-tenth the cost of sardines) makes it an appealing alternative bait if cost-effectiveness is a primary concern. Resumen. Durante un estudio de ocupación de las tortugas de poza occidental (Actinemys marmorata) y tortugas de orejas rojas (Trachemys scripta elegans) en el valle de Sacramento, California, en 2018, probamos la eficacia relativa de dos tipos de cebo: sardinas envasadas en aceite de soja y comida seca para gatos Meow Mix® Original Choice. Muestreamos 116 sitios con 2 trampas cada uno: uno cebado con sardinas y otro cebado con comida seca para gatos. Las sardinas fueron 1.7 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1.2–2.6) veces más efectivas para capturar tortugas en nuestro estudio que la comida seca para gatos, y el 63% de todas las tortugas capturadas fueron capturadas en trampas cebadas con sardinas. A pesar de la tasa de captura ligeramente inferior en las trampas cebadas con comida seca para gatos, el coste significativamente menor de la comida para gatos (aproximadamente una décima parte del coste de las sardinas) la convierte en un cebo alternativo atractivo si la rentabilidad es una preocupación primordial.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"596 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85974652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological Data Suggest Seventeenth-Century Presence of Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) in the Middle Rio Grande","authors":"E. L. Jones, Laura W. Steele, Cyler Conrad","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is well established in the Middle Rio Grande today, but some researchers have suggested this population to be of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we present a C. serpentina specimen recovered during archaeological excavations at the Isleta Pueblo Mission in central New Mexico. The turtle specimen derives from an archaeological context securely dated to the early seventeenth century. The presence of C. serpentina in this context, taken together with the composition of the rest of the Isleta Pueblo Mission archaeofaunal assemblage and the present-day C. serpentina population in the Middle Rio Grande, suggests that C. serpentina has been present in this drainage since at least the seventeenth century and is likely native. Resumen. La tortuga mordedora común (Chelydra serpentina) está bien establecida en el Río Grande de Nuevo México en la actualidad, pero esta población puede ser el resultado de una introducción antropogénica. En este artículo, presentamos un espécimen de tortuga mordedora recuperado durante excavaciones arqueológicas en la Misión Isleta Pueblo en el centro de Nuevo México. El espécimen viene de un contexto arqueológico datado con seguridad del inicio del siglo XVII. La presencia de C. serpentina en este contexto, junto con la composición del resto de arqueofauna de la Misión Isleta Pueblo y la población establecida de C. serpentina en el Río Grande en la actualidad, sugiere que C. serpentina ha estado presente en el Río Grande de Nuevo México desde al menos el siglo XVII y es nativa de este rio.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"191 1","pages":"611 - 615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77517051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Records of Anthony's Mexican Mole (Scapanus anthonyi Allen, 1893) in Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México","authors":"Jonathan A. Villarreal-Fletes, Aldo A. Guevara-Carrizales, G. Ruiz-Campos, Gonzalo De Leon-Giron, S. Tremor","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We describe 2 recent records with specimens for the endangered endemic mole Scapanus anthonyi in Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México. A comparison of cranial measurements with previous specimens is given to illustrate within-species variation and to provide taxonomic corroboration. Resumen. Describimos 2 registros recientes con espécimen para el topo endémico en peligro de extinción, Scapanus anthonyi, en la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México. Una comparación de mediciones craneales con especímenes previos es proveída para variación y corroboración taxonómica.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"24 1","pages":"599 - 602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75559716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace Elements in Walleye Tissues and Dietary Components from an Impoundment Located Downstream of the Leadville Mining District, Colorado, II: Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb","authors":"D. Nimmo, S. J. Herrmann, Igor V. Melnykov","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Trace elements in 15 walleye (Sander vitreus) tissues taken from the Pueblo Reservoir in Colorado corresponded to many metals of worldwide concern and were the same as those released into the Arkansas River from decades of mining at Leadville, Colorado. Therefore, analyses of walleye stomach contents, gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum; a dietary prey item for walleye), and tissues of walleye were compared for an increase in, or a deficiency of, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb. Tissues were compared as couplets but also evaluated with tissues clustered into 6 functional groups. The trace elements were found to be tissue distinctive and functional-group specific. An interesting finding was that muscle, liver, gill, or whole bodies of fish—often indicators of trace elements—may not be as illustrative as adipose, skin, heart, bone, or stomach contents of the walleye. Results showed no significant differences in amounts of Pb among tissues within any of the 6 functional groups. We suggest that only 6 of 15 tissues might be necessary to indicate the uptake or lack of elements: heart, adipose, skin, bone, liver, and muscle, the latter of value for human consumption. Elements in gizzard shad, walleye stomach contents, livers, and muscle reflected historical element-rich colloidal sediments in the Arkansas River above the Pueblo Reservoir inlet. Despite the presence of trace elements in walleye tissues, this study suggests that a robust fishery of walleye in the Pueblo Reservoir exists and is likely to increase in the future. Resumen. Los oligoelementos presentes en 15 tejidos de peces lucio (lucioperca; Sander vitreus) del embalse de Pueblo Reservoir (Colorado), correspondieron a muchos de interés a nivel mundial y fueron los mismos que los liberados durante décadas por la minería en el río Arkansas, en Leadville (Colorado). Por lo tanto, el contenido estomacal (cuyas presas principales son los sábalo molleja [Dorosoma cepedianum]) y análisis de tejidos de la luceoperca, fueron comparados para detectar un aumento o una deficiencia de Cu, Zn, As, Cd y Pb. Los tejidos se compararon en pares, pero también se evaluaron con tejidos agrupados en seis grupos funcionales. Se encontró que los elementos eran distintivos de los tejidos y específicos de los grupos funcionales. Un hallazgo interesante fue que el músculo, el hígado, las branquias y/o el cuerpo entero de los peces, a menudo indicadores de oligoelementos, pueden no ser tan ilustrativos como el contenido adiposo, la piel, el corazón, los huesos o el estómago de la lucioperca. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en las cantidades de Pb entre los tejidos de cualquiera de los seis grupos funcionales. Sugerimos que sólo seis de los 15 tejidos podrían ser necesarios para indicar la captación/falta de elementos: el corazón, el tejido adiposo, la piel, el hueso, el hígado y el músculo, siendo este último de valor para el consumo. Los elementos presentes en los contenidos estomacales de los s","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"56 3 1","pages":"362 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83852365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace Elements in Walleye Tissues and Dietary Components from an Impoundment Located Downstream of the Leadville Mining District, Colorado, I: Hg and Se","authors":"S. J. Herrmann, D. Nimmo, Igor V. Melnykov","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. There is a paucity of studies focusing on how total mercury (THg) and total selenium (TSe) concentrations vary in walleye tissues and prey organisms from a reservoir that is downstream from a major mining district and whose basin consists of Cretaceous sedimentary Se-bearing outcroppings. Pueblo Reservoir in Colorado is fed by water from the upper Arkansas River, which has been polluted by trace metals and metalloids since mining began in 1859. Pueblo Reservoir is the only mainstem impoundment on the Upper Arkansas River and is located about 251 km downstream from the historic Leadville Mining District. Nearly all the contaminated colloids and sediment eventually reach Pueblo Reservoir and its walleye fishery. We compared THg and TSe concentrations among 15 walleye tissues clustered within “functional tissue groups,” and with walleye stomach contents and the walleye's primary forage fish (gizzard shad). We found that THg concentration in epaxial muscle and cardiac muscle ranked first and second, respectively, and results indicated a significant difference in THg between the 2 muscle types. Unlike THg, TSe levels were highest for liver, spleen, kidney, ovary/egg, and gill tissues, and TSe levels in all but 2 tissue pairings were significantly different. Significant differences occurred when THg and TSe in gizzard shad and stomach contents were compared to levels in each tissue. Our THg concentrations at the Pueblo Reservoir were generally lower than at other sites in western North America; however, TSe concentrations were higher and markedly different. The data indicate that THg tissue levels appear to be lower than established fish health benchmarks, yet many TSe tissue concentrations were above critical thresholds. Resumen. Son escasos los estudios centrados en cómo varían las concentraciones de mercurio total (THg) y selenio total (TSe) en los tejidos de luciopercas y en sus presas en un embalse situado aguas abajo de un importante distrito minero y cuya cuenca está formada por afloramientos sedimentarios cretácicos portadores de selenio. El embalse Pueblo Reservoir, en Colorado, se alimenta del agua del río Upper Arkansas, que ha sido contaminado por trazas de metales y metaloides desde el inicio de la explotación minera en 1859. El embalse Pueblo Reservoir es el único embalse del curso superior del río Arkansas, a unos 251 km aguas abajo del histórico distrito minero de Leadville. Casi todos los coloides y sedimentos contaminados llegan al embalse Pueblo Reservoir y a la zona pesquera de luciopercas. Comparamos las concentraciones de THg y TSe en 15 tejidos de luciopercas (agrupados en “grupos de tejidos funcionales”) con el contenido estomacal de la lucioperca y del sábalo molleja, principal presa de la lucioperca. Encontramos que el THg en el músculo epaxial y el músculo cardíaco ocupaban el primer y segundo lugar, respectivamente, y además los resultados indicaban una diferencia significativa entre los dos tipos de músculo. A dif","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"82 1","pages":"346 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86077719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-Based Selenium Partitioning Coefficients and Trophic Transfer Factors for Cutthroat Trout Fisheries from Four Montane Lakes, Colorado, USA","authors":"S. J. Herrmann, D. Nimmo, L. Herrmann-Hoesing","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Most studies of selenium (Se) bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in freshwater habitats have focused primarily on lotic and lentic sites in regions of elevated selenium. In contrast to previous reports, we proposed investigating Se partitioning from water to subsequent trophic levels in oligotrophic montane lakes using concentrations in water, sediment, periphyton, and filamentous algae, and also in the stomach contents and tissues of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The indicator values for the level-one (water to particulate) partitioning coefficients (Kd values) or enrichment factors (EFs) were as high as 1,641,000 L/kg dry weight and as low as 14,843. Values of Upper Sand Creek Lake partitioning coefficients in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve were 36,529 using sediment, 28,000 using filamentous algae, and 1,641,000 using periphyton. For Lower Sand Creek Lake the partitioning coefficients were 14,843 for sediment, 17,250 for filamentous algae, and 32,415 for periphyton. The level-two metric (particulates to invertebrate trout stomach contents) was 1.18 for the mean trophic transfer factor for invertebrates of Upper Sand Creek Lake, 1.31 for Lower Sand Creek Lake, and 1.77 for Lake Louise. The level-three indicator (invertebrates to trout tissues) values for Lake Louise, Lower and Upper Sand Creek Lakes, and Trappers Lake varied by tissue type. For the 4 Colorado sites, the range of trophic transfer factors was 2.31–5.25 for trout liver, 1.30–2.64 for ovary/egg, and 0.28–1.08 for epaxial muscle. We proposed nonlinear food web exposure scenarios for 3 subalpine lakes. We compared Colorado trophic transfer factors for trout to those for cutthroat trout from Se-richer lentic sites in British Columbia, Canada. We concluded that historical (50 years or less) surficial sediment concentrations could be used to generate appropriate partitioning coefficients in oligotrophic montane lakes. Selenium concentrations in stomach contents appeared representative of a range of trout dietborne invertebrates. Resumen. La mayoría de los estudios sobre la bioacumulación de selenio (Se) y la transferencia trófica en hábitats de agua dulce se han enfocado principalmente en lugares lóticos y lénticos en regiones seleníferas elevadas. En contraste con los reportes anteriores, nos propusimos investigar la fragmentación del Se en el agua a los niveles tróficos posteriores en lagos montañosos oligotróficos, utilizando concentraciones en agua, sedimento, perifiton, algas filamentosas, contenido estomacal y tejidos de trucha degollada (Oncorhynchus clarkii), analizados mediante Espectrometría de Masas con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS por sus siglas en inglés). Los valores indicadores del nivel uno (partículas en agua) de los coeficientes de partición (Kd) o factores de enriquecimiento (EF) fueron mayores a 1,641,000 (L/kg de peso seco) y menores a 14,843. Los valores d","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"136 1","pages":"287 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77676737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}