World Journal of Biological Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Exosomal miR-24-3p participates in the progression of depression by regulating neuronal damage and blood-brain barrier dysfunction.","authors":"Shoufen Yu, Xueyuan Yu, Junchang Liu, Muzhen Guan, Zhongheng Wang, Xiaosa Li","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2522794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2025.2522794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining normal brain function and is involved in the progression of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study investigated the abnormal expression and regulatory role of miR-24-3p in neuronal injury and BBB dysfunction during MDD pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of miR-24-3p was examined in serum samples from patients with MDD and from chronic unpredictable mild stress and lipopolysaccharide mouse models, as well as in hippocampal tissue from mice. A loss-of-function assay was conducted to explore the role of miR-24-3p in brain injury, assessing neuronal cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and astrocyte activation. Exosomes were then isolated to evaluate the regulatory role and function of miR-24-3p in BBB dysfunction. Behavioural tests were performed to assess depressive-like behaviours in mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-24-3p was significantly upregulated in MDD samples. Inhibiting miR-24-3p suppressed LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, while promoting the secretion of neurofunctional factors. Further analysis revealed that inhibiting exosomal miR-24-3p alleviated depressive-like behaviour in MDD model mice, reduced BBB permeability, and improved BBB function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>miR-24-3p inhibition attenuated neuronal damage, reduced astrocyte activation, and enhanced BBB stability through exosome-mediated regulation, thereby alleviating neurobehavioural abnormalities and the progression of MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of retinal layer thickness in patients with bipolar disorder, their relatives, and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Erbil Seven, Faruk Kurhan","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2505148","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2505148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric condition characterised by mood episodes and associated structural changes in the central nervous system. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a non-invasive method to assess retinal layer thickness, potentially serving as an endophenotypic biomarker for neurodegeneration. This study aimed to compare retinal thickness among BD patients, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls to identify structural markers and assess their alignment with existing literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six BD patients, 30 first-degree relatives, and 38 healthy controls were recruited from Van Yüzüncü Yıl University. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations and retinal layer thickness measurements using Spectralis OCT were performed. Retinal layers were analysed at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm concentric circles per the ETDRS protocol. Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness was evaluated across seven regions. Due to significant age differences among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.002), an ANCOVA analysis was used to control for the age effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retinal analysis revealed a significant increase in the inferonasal (NI) nerve fibre layer thickness in BD patients and their first-degree relatives compared to healthy controls (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Optic nerve head analyses showed non-significant thinning in the temporal (T), inferotemporal (TI), and superotemporal (TS) nerve fibre layer thicknesses in BD patients and their relatives compared to healthy controls. The thicknesses of the macular retinal layers did not differ significantly among the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed increase in NI optic nerve fibre layer thickness in BD patients and their first-degree relatives contrasts with the expected thinning reported in previous literature on neurodegeneration in psychiatric disorders. This finding underscores the complexity of structural changes in BD and raises the possibility of alternative pathophysiological mechanisms or methodological considerations influencing retinal measurements. Further research is needed to elucidate these phenomena and their implications for understanding BD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"224-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state functional connectivity within the reward system mediates subcortical integration during erotic stimulus processing.","authors":"Carolina Fiederer, Tara Chand, Louise Martens, Inka Ristow, Verena Durner, Birgit Abler, Martin Walter, Heiko Graf","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2509988","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2509988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Erotic stimuli lead to activations in various brain regions, including the reward system. Several neuroimaging studies have investigated neurofunctional activations during visual erotic stimulation. Little research has investigated whether these functional activations are characterised by an intrinsic network architecture in the resting-state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We therefore examined 37 healthy male heterosexual subjects by combining resting-state and task-related fMRI. In task-related fMRI, we used an established video clip task (erotic and non-erotic video clips). Vectors comprising different neuronal activations during the processing of visual erotic stimuli were then correlated with the strength of resting-state functional connectivity between two core regions of the human reward system (NAcc and midbrain).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed an increase in neurofunctional activations in cortical and subcortical regions previously described in task-based fMRI studies during visual erotic stimulation. Increased rs-FC between midbrain and NAcc was associated with higher differential neuronal responsiveness in subcortical regions, particularly in the hypothalamus, thalamus and periaqueductal grey.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results support the role of the mesolimbic reward pathway in the processing of erotic stimuli. In particular they show that a higher rs-FC between midbrain and NAcc facilitates the simultaneous activation of subcortical brain regions that are relevant for the integration of processes in sexual behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"244-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic potential of P2X7, NACHT, and iL-6 as immune biomarkers in bipolar disorder.","authors":"Magda Malewska-Kasprzak, Magdalena Sikorski, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Filip Rybakowski","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2505770","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2505770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines immune markers-P2X7, NACHT, and IL-6-as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in Bipolar Disorder (BD). Among 120 participants (76 BD patients and 20 healthy controls), P2X7 levels were significantly elevated in BD patients both before (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and after treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating strong diagnostic potential. NACHT levels also increased significantly after treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.007). Subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher P2X7 and NACHT levels in female BD patients compared to female controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both). ROC curve analysis confirmed P2X7 as the most sensitive and specific marker for distinguishing BD from controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while NACHT showed predictive value after treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Correlation analysis found significant associations between changes in P2X7 and NACHT levels and clinical improvement (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Despite limitations such as small sample size and potential medication effects, the findings support P2X7 and NACHT as promising biomarkers for BD diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The study contributes to the understanding of immune dysregulation in BD and suggests potential for immune-targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the role of the LC3 conjugation system in autophagy for human reward system reactivity.","authors":"Jens Treutlein, Bernd Krämer, Oliver Gruber","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2522793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2025.2522793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The dopaminergic reward system is involved in the aetiology of psychiatric disorders, and autophagy has been suggested to interfere with dopamine release. LC3 conjugation plays a key role in autophagy and comprises modification of autophagy protein LC3 with phosphatidylethanolamine. We investigated whether LC3 conjugation may influence the strength of activation in key regions of the mesolimbic reward system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To test our hypothesis, responses of the reward system to conditioned stimuli were assessed using the desire-reason dilemma (DRD) paradigm. Association of a set of missense variants with reward system responses was analysed in a sample of 214 healthy participants (mean age: 24.12 years; 128 females, 86 males).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detected association of the gene set with both ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) responses to conditioned reward stimuli (empirical P-values: R-VTA:0.008, R-NAc:0.009). The strongest missense variants were <i>MAP1LC3B</i> rs113610787 (<i>p</i> = 3.219e-05) for association with response in the L-NAc, and <i>ATG4B</i> rs143448469 (<i>p</i> = 4.366e-05) for the R-NAc.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These exploratory results indicate that variation of the LC3 conjugation system influences responses of the VTA and NAc to conditioned reward stimuli. Further studies are required to replicate the findings and to investigate the possible role of LC3 conjugation in psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex as a function of depression severity in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury.","authors":"Thomas P Nguyen, Luise Baumeister-Lingens, Anna Markser, Anna-Sophia Rösch, Michael Kaess, Julian Koenig","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2521023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2025.2521023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with pro-inflammatory states. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex is a neural pathway, modulating the body's inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex in adolescents with and without NSSI in a first, cross-sectional observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Heart rate variability (HRV; a proxy for vagus nerve activity), inflammatory markers (leukocytes, c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and several clinical measures were assessed in female adolescents with NSSI (<i>n</i> = 154) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 46). Statistical analyses tested for group differences and correlations between HRV, inflammatory markers and depression in patients and controls. Mediation analyses were conducted to test direct and indirect effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NSSI group showed greater depressive symptoms and leukocyte levels, but lower HRV compared to the control group. In the full sample, depression severity was positively correlated with leukocyte and CRP levels and negatively correlated with HRV. HRV was also negatively correlated with leukocyte and CRP levels. Depression severity mediated the association between leukocytes and HRV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, this study lends initial support that lower vagal activity is associated with increased inflammatory markers in a sample of adolescents with NSSI which suggests altered functioning of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escape genes from X-chromosome inactivation: new insights into candidate genes for intellectual disability in females.","authors":"Lizandra Abreu de Oliveira, Rafael Mina Piergiorge, Cíntia Barros Santos-Rebouças","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2517040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2025.2517040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a dosage compensation mechanism in female mammals. Given that the Xchromosome harbours numerous genes implicated in cognitive function, variants in these genes can affect neurodevelopment and contribute to Intellectual Disability (ID). While research on ID has predominantly focused on males due to their hemizygous Xchromosome state, females, though often presenting with milder symptoms, may be affected by escape genes that evade XCI and influence the phenotype. This study investigated the role of escape genes in female ID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed data mining to analyse X-chromosome genes based on their XCI status, followed by functional enrichment analyses. Additionally, we conducted co-expression module evaluations in the main brain regions associated with ID and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 31 significant modules linking XCI escape genes with ID-associated genes. The PPI network analysis further revealed direct interactions between the products of 25 genes and ID-related proteins. Five new candidate genes (RBMX2, PNPLA4, UBA1, RPS4X, and EIF1AX) were identified, four linked to known ID pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the importance of escape genes in the context of female ID and paves the way for future experimental validation and molecular investigations into the functions of these genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression profile of the ADHD risk gene <i>ADGRL3</i> during human neurodevelopment and the effects of genetic variation.","authors":"Rhiannon Victoria McNeill, Matthias Nieberler, Zora Schickardt, Franziska Radtke, Andreas Chiocchetti, Sarah Kittel-Schneider","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2520518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2025.2520518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with symptoms including hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. Moreover, ADHD persists into adulthood in ∼50% cases, significantly affecting quality of life. Currently, the complex aetiology of ADHD remains unclear. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor isoform L3 gene (<i>ADGRL3</i>) have been associated with ADHD development, with the rs1397547 SNP found associated with altered <i>ADGRL3</i> transcription in fibroblast cells. However, ADGRL3 function has not been investigated in human neurodevelopment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical neurons to characterise ADGRL3 expression during human neurogenesis and investigated the effects of the rs1397547 SNP on gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that <i>ADGRL3</i> expression peaks early in neurodevelopment. ADGRL3 protein was found primarily expressed in glutamatergic neurons, and localised to growth cone-like structures, supporting a role in neurite outgrowth and glutamatergic synapse development. We found rs1397547 was associated with significantly increased <i>ADGRL3</i> transcription in early neurodevelopmental stages. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing of maturing cortical neurons revealed a unique transcriptional profile in SNP carriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results further implicate ADGRL3 in ADHD development and suggest that genetic variation may result in dysregulated glutamatergic neuron development.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimism moderates the relationship between inflammatory polygenic risk and major depressive disorder in U.S. Military veterans.","authors":"Ian C Fischer, Cassie Overstreet, Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza, Dan Qiu, John H Krystal, Renato Polimanti, Joel Gelernter, Robert H Pietrzak","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2498352","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2498352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability, and chronic inflammation is a contributing factor to its onset and progression. This study examined the relationship between genetic predisposition to inflammation and MDD risk in a nationally representative sample of U.S. military veterans, as well as psychosocial moderators of this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A composite polygenic risk score (PRS) for inflammatory biomarkers was derived from the UK Biobank and examined in relation to a positive MDD screen in 1,660 European-American veterans. The analysis adjusted for known correlates of inflammation and MDD, including medical conditions and cumulative trauma burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each standard deviation increase in the inflammatory PRS was associated with more than two-fold increased odds of screening positive for MDD (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.39-4.54). Interaction analyses revealed that optimism moderated this association; among those in the highest PRS tertile, individuals with high optimism were more than 30 times less likely to screen positive for MDD compared to those with low optimism (0.7% vs. 22.6%). Pathway-based analyses identified enrichment of immune- and brain-related gene sets, highlighting potential biological mechanisms linking inflammation and MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest genetic risk for inflammation contributes to MDD vulnerability and that optimism may buffer this risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered cerebral functional activity and its associated genetic profiles underlying chronic insomnia disorder before and after treatment.","authors":"Leyi Zhang, Zhiguo Guo, Yiding Han, Haohao Yan, Dongsheng Lv, Ping Yao, Jingping Zhao, Lixia Chen, Wenbin Guo","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2503938","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2025.2503938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The resting-state cerebral functional activity underlying chronic insomnia disorder (CID) remains inconsistent, and the effects of pharmacotherapy on such activity are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Imaging data and clinical variables were acquired from 82 patients with CID and 54 healthy controls (HCs). Patients were assigned to receive either modified Suanzaoren decoction (MSZRD) or estazolam treatment for six weeks. Spontaneous brain activity was evaluated by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), Wavelet-ALFF, and fractional ALFF (fALFF). Machine-learning and cross-sample transcriptomic analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs, patients with CID exhibited increased functional activity in the left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, left superior parietal gyrus, and bilateral angular gyrus; they also presented decreased activity in the right inferior parietal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyrus. After pharmacotherapy, patients in the MSZRD group showed increased activity in the left middle occipital gyrus compared to baseline. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on these metrics were 0.98, 088, and 0.98; correlation coefficients between predicted and actual treatment responses ranged from 0.806 to 0.965.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Altered neural activity in regions of the default mode network, frontoparietal network and visual network might contribute to the neuropathological and therapeutic mechanisms of CID. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT06452953).</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"211-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}