Alexander A Semenchenko, Peter S Cranston, Eugenyi A Makarchenko
{"title":"A multi-locus phylogeny for the Diamesinae (Chironomidae: Diptera) provides new insights into evolution of an amphitropical clade","authors":"Alexander A Semenchenko, Peter S Cranston, Eugenyi A Makarchenko","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae035","url":null,"abstract":"Diamesinae is a subfamily of Chironomidae, whose species live in cold lotic or oligotrophic lentic habitats with global distribution excepting Antarctica. The cool stenothermic ecology of nearly all diamesines produces a typical amphitropical pattern of absence at tropical latitudes, except at high elevation. Recent attention has focused on the species discovery, while evolutionary relationships at the generic and tribal level have remained inadequately understood. Current classification implies analogous evolutionary diversification in each hemisphere (boreal and austral). To test this concept, we used six genetic markers (18S, 28S, CAD1, COI-5p, COI-3p and COII) and fossil calibrations to produce a well-supported and resolved time-calibrated phylogeny of the subfamily. Austral and boreal diamesines indeed are reciprocally monophyletic lineages, with estimated Jurassic divergence (130-196, 164 Ma). The boreal Protanypodini, previously understood to be a tribe within Diamesinae, is excluded and elevated here to subfamily rank as Protanypodinae stat. nov. Ancestral austral diamesines probably originated in South America and successively reached New Zealand, Australia and South Africa during the Cretaceous-Paleogene. The Holarctic tribes Diamesini and Boreoheptagyiini probably originated in the Eastern Palaearctic with further dispersal/vicariance into the Western Palaearctic, Nearctic, East, and very likely dispersed southwards to montane East Africa and Borneo.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas J Rawlence, Alexander J F Verry, Theresa L Cole, Lara D Shepherd, Alan J D Tennyson, Murray Williams, Jamie R Wood, Kieren J Mitchell
{"title":"Ancient mitogenomes reveal evidence for the Late Miocene dispersal of mergansers to the Southern Hemisphere","authors":"Nicolas J Rawlence, Alexander J F Verry, Theresa L Cole, Lara D Shepherd, Alan J D Tennyson, Murray Williams, Jamie R Wood, Kieren J Mitchell","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae040","url":null,"abstract":"Mergansers are riverine and coastal piscivorous ducks that are widespread throughout North America and Eurasia but uncommon in the Southern Hemisphere. One species occurs in South America and at least two extinct species are known from New Zealand. It has been proposed that these Southern Hemisphere merganser lineages were founded by at least two independent dispersal events from the Northern Hemisphere. However, some morphological and behavioural evidence suggests that Southern Hemisphere mergansers may form a monophyletic clade that descended from only a single dispersal event from the Northern Hemisphere. For example, Southern Hemisphere mergansers share several characteristics that differ from Northern Hemisphere mergansers (e.g. non-migratory vs. migratory, sexual monochromatism vs. sexual dichromatism, long vs. short pair bonds). We sequenced complete mitogenomes from the Brazilian merganser and an extinct merganser from New Zealand—the Auckland Island merganser. Our results show that the Brazilian and Auckland Island mergansers are not sister-taxa, and probably descend from two separate colonization events from the Northern Hemisphere at least 7 Mya. Nuclear (palaeo)genomic data may help to further resolve the relationship between living and extinct mergansers, including merganser fossils from New Zealand that have not been subjected to palaeogenetic analysis.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A phylogenomic approach to a taxonomic revision: a combination, new synonymies, and a description of two new species within the camel spider genus Chanbria Muma, 1951 (Solifugae: Eremobatidae)","authors":"Erika L Garcia, Quincy G Hansen, Jaír R Castillo","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae037","url":null,"abstract":"This study summarizes the taxonomic treatment of the camel spider genus Chanbria Muma, 1951. Taking an integrative taxonomic approach incorporating phylogenomic, morphological, and geographical information, the genus is herein revised. Of the four species currently placed in the genus, two are retained: Chanbria regalis Muma, 1951 and Chanbria serpentinus Muma, 1951. Eremochelis plicatus (Muma, 1962) is transferred to this genus because it is consistently recovered in a clade with Chanbria based on several phylogenetic analyses using hundreds of loci recovered from ultraconserved element data. In this study, we re-analyse previously acquired genomic data to assess former species hypotheses and identify new morphological synapomorphies that support the monophyly of Chanbria. The genetic data support the synonymization of Chanbria rectus Muma, 1962 syn. nov. with C. regalis. Furthermore, we synonymize Chanbria tehachapianus Muma, 1962 syn. nov. with C. regalis because C. tehachapianus was erected based on limited morphological information and lack of geographical separation between other populations of C. regalis. Two new species, Chanbria brookharti sp. nov. and Chanbria mapemes sp. nov., are described. This brings the total number of species of Chanbria described to five recognized species: C. regalis, C. serpentinus, C. plicatus com. nov., C. brookharti sp. nov., and C. mapemes sp. nov.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140817643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego M Peralta, Ezequiel A Ibañez, Sergio Lucero, Humberto L Cappozzo, Santiago G Ceballos, Juan I Túnez
{"title":"Low genetic variability and high isolation of a post-harvest South American pinniped population as revealed by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms","authors":"Diego M Peralta, Ezequiel A Ibañez, Sergio Lucero, Humberto L Cappozzo, Santiago G Ceballos, Juan I Túnez","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae049","url":null,"abstract":"Otaria flavescens has been one of the most heavily exploited pinnipeds during the last 200 years, with depletion of ~90% in some colonies. After the prohibition on sealing in South America, populations stabilized except for the Uruguayan population, which showed a constant decrease. The underlying causes of its decline are unknown. This study used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess the variability and connectivity of some of the most overexploited sea lion colonies in the Atlantic Ocean. Our results revealed low allelic richness, nucleotide diversity, and heterozygosity in the Uruguayan population and evidence of complete isolation from the Argentinean populations under study. In contrast, the Patagonian populations showed a high degree of connectivity, which could explain their recovery and high levels of diversity at present. Our study highlights the critical situation of the Uruguayan sea lion population, emphasizing the need for maintaining continuous conservation efforts in the region.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140620116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A long-snouted marine bonytongue (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) from the early Eocene of Morocco and the phylogenetic affinities of marine osteoglossids","authors":"Alessio Capobianco, Samir Zouhri, Matt Friedman","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae015","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoglossid bonytongues (arapaimas, arowanas, and relatives) are extant tropical freshwater fishes with a relatively abundant and diverse fossil record. Most osteoglossid fossils come from a 25-million-year interval in the early Palaeogene, when these fishes were distributed worldwide in both freshwater and marine environments. Despite their biogeographic and palaeoecological relevance, and a relative abundance of well-preserved material, the evolutionary relationships between these Palaeogene forms and extant bonytongues remain unclear. Here we describe a new genus of bonytongue from early Eocene marine deposits of Morocco, represented by an articulated, three-dimensionally preserved skull with associated pectoral girdle. This taxon is characterized by an elongated snout, contrasting with the short jaws usually found in marine representatives of the clade. A revision of morphological characters in bonytongues allows us to place this new genus, together with other marine and freshwater Eocene taxa, within crown osteoglossids and closely related to extant arapaimines. The discovery of the new Moroccan taxon hints at a previously underestimated eco-morphological diversity of marine bonytongues, highlighting the diverse trophic niches that these fishes occupied in early Palaeogene seas.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"455 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond the glow: proving the unity of pheromones and bioluminescent signals in glow-worm firefly courtship","authors":"Martin Novák, Pavel Jakubec","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae045","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual communication in nocturnal fireflies has been presumed to be facilitated exclusively by bioluminescence, which has replaced the pheromones used by diurnal species. Although some fireflies are suspected of using combined signalling, this view has so far not been supported by empirical evidence, and these species have been viewed more as outliers. In this study, we have investigated the visual and olfactory capability of sexual communication of a night-active glow-worm firefly Lamprohiza splendidula (Linnaeus, 1767). We recorded and categorized the behaviour of searching males in reaction to four different experimental treatments, in which the females could be located based solely on visual or olfactory cues or a combination of the two. The pheromone-only treatment attracted significantly more males than the control, thus confirming pheromone utilization in sexual communication of this species. This work represents the first direct evidence of combined pheromone and bioluminescence use in fireflies and refutes the hypothesis of exclusive use of light in courtship of the nocturnal species. We theorize that this life strategy is likely to be inherent in the whole genus and possibly common in all glow-worm firefly species.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kirill V Minin, Alexandr N Mironov, Nikolay B Petrov, Irina P Vladychenskaya
{"title":"Evolutionary and biogeographic patterns in the deep-sea echinoid families Pourtalesiidae Agassiz 1881 and Ceratophysidae fam. nov. (Echinoidea)","authors":"Kirill V Minin, Alexandr N Mironov, Nikolay B Petrov, Irina P Vladychenskaya","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae034","url":null,"abstract":"The sea urchin family Pourtalesiidae is primarily an abyssal taxon, exhibiting extremely modified morphologies that have emerged as an adaptation for burrowing in soft sediment. Here, we present the first detailed molecular phylogeny of the family Pourtalesiidae. Both morphological and molecular evidence support the establishment of the family Ceratophysidae fam. nov. to accommodate seven former pourtalesiid genera. The name Pourtalesiidae is retained for the group of genera Cystocrepis and Pourtalesia. Based on morphological data, the fossil genus Galeaster is transferred to the monotypic family Galeasteridae fam. nov.. Families Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae are each characterized by a unique pattern of plastron plating. Reconstructions indicate that elongated tests, as well as other adaptations for burrowing, evolved independently in these families. The evolutionary histories of pourtalesiids and ceratophysids are complex and include several instances of increase and decrease in this specialization. Molecular data support the Antarctic origin of Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae, although for the latter the support is limited. The initial dispersal of pourtalesiids from the Antarctic occurred in the northward direction and included distribution of the least specialized forms throughout the eastern Pacific. Broad radiation of the more specialized forms apparently occurred later. The biogeographic history of the family Ceratophysidae is more complex and at present cannot be reconstructed reliably.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Błażewicz, Aleksandra Jakiel, Graham J Bird, Maciej Studzian
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy supports the establishment of a new deep-sea family of Tanaidacea (Peracarida)","authors":"Magdalena Błażewicz, Aleksandra Jakiel, Graham J Bird, Maciej Studzian","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae013","url":null,"abstract":"The tanaidacean family Colletteidae is large and exhibits highly diverse morphologies. A significant structural feature, the cephalothorax-cheliped attachment, is one of the sources of this variation but is still poorly understood or resolved in phylogenetic terms. The presence (and wide intrafamily disparities) of a lateral carapacial sclerite associated with this articulation is the main contributor to the diversity and this is investigated by us and shown to have valuable information for paratanaoidean phylogenies. We used integrative taxonomy to evaluate the status of several described colletteid genera, Caudalonga, Macrinella and Pseudoarthrura, based on analysis of COI and 18S genes, comparison with molecular data from ten other paratanaoidean families and detailed morphological study including confocal imaging of whole specimens, with the ‘sclerite’ a prime target for analysis. The results supported the establishment of a new family, Caudalongidae fam. nov., extracted from the overburdened Colletteidae, the narrow-bodied taxa defined principally by the small cheliped sclerite partly covered by a wide membrane and a short one-articled uropodal exopod. Apart from redescriptions/redefinitions of the genera Caudalonga, Macrinella, and Pseudoarthrura, two new genera Facultatotanais gen. nov. and Universitatotanais gen. nov. are erected and six new species are described, Caudalonga kurilensis sp. nov., F. bios sp. nov., U. freie sp. nov., U. gandavensis sp. nov., U. harvardi sp. nov., and U. jagiellonensis sp. nov. The Clarion Clipperton-Fracture Zone appears to support a high diversity of the family.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Further draining of Discocyrtus to expand Neopachylinae (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae): absorption of taxa and establishment of new genera and species","authors":"Rafael N Carvalho, Adriano B Kury","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae023","url":null,"abstract":"The gonyleptids are one of the most diverse groups of harvestmen, exhibiting a vast range of sizes, shapes and behaviors. However, its internal classification, earlier based on meristic characters, particularly in larger groups such as Pachylinae and Discocyrtus, has been called into question by new proposals that consider morphological and molecular synapomorphies. Here, we aspire to evaluate the transfer of seven species currently classified under Discocyrtus sensu lato and the monotypic genus Oliverius from Pachylinae to Neopachylinae. Additionally, we propose the inclusion of two new species in Neopachylinae. To test our hypothesis, we expand upon previous cladistic analyses using maximum parsimony and incorporate 40 terminals representing Gonyleptoidea, including all existing members of Neopachylinae, and 116 morphological characters. Our results confirm the hypothesis of monophyly of Neopachylinae after the inclusion of the new and transferred taxa. To provide a comprehensive assessment of the results, we update some diagnoses at the genus and species-level within Neopachylinae. Furthermore, to accommodate the taxonomic changes resulting from this study, we propose 1) the establishment of two new genera, 2) the reassignment of five taxa at the generic level, and 3) the establishment of two new junior subjective synonymies at the species level.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Osteology of the derived Therizinosaur Nothronychus with evidence for convergence in dinosaurian evolution","authors":"David K Smith, David D Gillette","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad148","url":null,"abstract":"Therizinosaurs were a taxon of unusual theropods from North America and Asia. The derived therizinosaur Nothronychus graffami possessed a synsacrum and hip convergent with extant birds. The osteology is figured and described in detail supplemented with material from Nothronychus mckinleyi. Both species exhibit traits convergent with extant birds, ornithischian dinosaurs, and titanosaurs. As preserved, the ilia and sacrum are minimally distorted and apomorphically modified into a synsacrum. The pubes are modified into a mesopubic condition, wherein the pubes are partially retroverted. The femoral shaft has an oval cross-section. As these characters are absent from the basal therizinosaur Falcarius utahensis, they evolved more than once within the maniraptoran lineage. An herbivorous ecology is supported. Both specimens were skeletally mature, based on fusion of the neural spines and scapulocoracoid.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}