Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society最新文献

Genetic diversity, phylogeography, and sexual dimorphism in the extinct giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus)

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf001

Alexander T Salis, Blaine W Schubert, Sarah C E Bray, Holly Heiniger, Julie Meachen, Alan Cooper, Kieren J Mitchell

{"title":"Genetic diversity, phylogeography, and sexual dimorphism in the extinct giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus)","authors":"Alexander T Salis, Blaine W Schubert, Sarah C E Bray, Holly Heiniger, Julie Meachen, Alan Cooper, Kieren J Mitchell","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf001","url":null,"abstract":"Giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) were the largest carnivoran of Pleistocene North America and are one of the most extensively studied extinct megafaunal species from the continent. Smaller and larger forms of A. simus have previously been recognized and are sometimes considered subspecies (A. s. simus and A. s. yukonensis, respectively). However, researchers have also proposed that this size variation is primarily the result of sexual dimorphism. We sequenced 31 mitogenomes of A. simus from locations ranging from Alaska to New Mexico. Our results revealed a lack of phylogeographic structure in A. simus, as well as low genetic diversity and relatively recent mitochondrial diversification. These observations may either represent population bottlenecks during the Late Pleistocene or simply a naturally low effective population size resulting from a dispersed population and low population density. We found no evidence for genetic differences among our samples, which were compatible with the previously proposed A. simus subspecies. In contrast, all large specimens to which we could assign a sex using genetic data were male, whereas the small specimens in our dataset were all female, supporting the hypothesis that A. simus size variation can be explained by sexual dimorphism.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New branch on the tree of life of Gastrotricha: establishment of a new genus for limno-terrestrial species

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae166

Axell Kou Minowa, Alexander Kieneke, Ariane Campos, Maria Balsamo, Michael Plewka, Loretta Guidi, Thiago Quintão Araújo, André RinaldoSenna Garraffoni

{"title":"New branch on the tree of life of Gastrotricha: establishment of a new genus for limno-terrestrial species","authors":"Axell Kou Minowa, Alexander Kieneke, Ariane Campos, Maria Balsamo, Michael Plewka, Loretta Guidi, Thiago Quintão Araújo, André RinaldoSenna Garraffoni","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae166","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrotricha encompass a diversity of free-living micrometazoans typically associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic environments. The discovery of a gastrotrich species in limno-terrestrial habitats challenges existing taxonomic classifications and expands our understanding of their ecological diversity. This study describes Dendroichthydium ibyrapora gen. et sp. nov., a new gastrotrich from epiphytic mosses found in Atlantic rainforest within Serra do Japi biological reserve, and establishes its taxonomic status through morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological characterization was conducted using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, revealing that D. ibyrapora exhibits distinctive adaptations suited to limno-terrestrial environments, including unique cuticular adaptations and rearrangement of locomotory cilia. Molecular phylogenetics, using 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences, supports the recognition of Dendroichthydium as a new genus, distinctly separated from known genera within Paucitubulatina. Furthermore, we propose reclassifying Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) silvaticus to Dendroichthydium silvaticus comb. nov. based on shared morphological traits. The establishment of the genus Dendroichthydium reflects the ongoing need to re-evaluate gastrotrich diversity and taxonomy, highlighting the role of underexplored limno-terrestrial habitats in hosting unique life forms. This study underscores the importance of integrating morphology and genetics to improve our understanding of phylogenetics and the evolutionary dynamics of Gastrotricha.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic systematics of the keratin-feeding genus Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae)

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae172

Vinícius da Costa-Silva, Werner P Strümpher, Patricia J Thyssen, Fernando Z Vaz-de-Mello

{"title":"Phylogenetic systematics of the keratin-feeding genus Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae)","authors":"Vinícius da Costa-Silva, Werner P Strümpher, Patricia J Thyssen, Fernando Z Vaz-de-Mello","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae172","url":null,"abstract":"Among the five known Trogidae genera, Polynoncus is the only one endemic to South America. Although the systematics within Trogidae is well established, the evolutionary relationships among Polynoncus species remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony, using the equal and implicit weighting algorithm with all characters, in TNT v.1.5 software. The assembled data matrix consisted of 98 morphological characters scored for 48 taxa. Our results corroborate the monophyletic status of Polynoncus and its sister-group relationship with the genus Omorgus, both within Omorginae. In Polynoncus, three main lineages were recovered: (i) clade ‘pedestris’, with four species occurring mostly in the Andes; (ii) clade ‘pilularius’, whose species have been most reported in the temperate zone of South America; and (iii) clade ‘brevicollis’, whose species are distributed from the arid zones of Argentina and Chile to Peru, following through the Andes. This is the first species-level phylogeny presented for Trogidae.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The appendicular osteology of the Early Jurassic theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and its implications on the morphological disparity of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176

Luciano A Pradelli, Diego Pol, Martín D Ezcurra

{"title":"The appendicular osteology of the Early Jurassic theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and its implications on the morphological disparity of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans","authors":"Luciano A Pradelli, Diego Pol, Martín D Ezcurra","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176","url":null,"abstract":"Piatnitzkysaurus floresi is a theropod dinosaur from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Chubut Province, Argentina) and one of the few Early Jurassic tetanurans known worldwide. This species is known from two specimens and plays a key role in our understanding of the early evolution of tetanuran theropods. Nevertheless, the published information about its postcranium is limited to the original description of the 1980s and drawings in a few views. Here, we redescribe in detail the appendicular skeleton of Piatnitzkaysaurus and integrate new information into new phylogenetic and morphological disparity analyses focused on non-coelurosaurian tetanurans. Our results agree with recent studies that place Piatnitzkysauridae (including Condorraptor, Marshosaurus, Piatnitzkysaurus, and Xuanhanosaurus) as the earliest diverging group of Allosauroidea and within a monophyletic Carnosauria (Allosauroidea + Megalosauroidea). Morphological disparity analyses of the appendicular skeleton of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans show that the Jurassic species occupy a different morphospace from the Cretaceous species. Condorraptor and Piatnitzkysaurus are found within the morphospace occupied by the Middle Jurassic species from the Northern Hemisphere, which indicates the presence of similar body plans for the non-coelurosaurian tetanurans during the Early–Middle Jurassic worldwide. The new information about Piatnitzkysaurus improves our knowledge about the evolution of early tetanurans.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassessment of the Saicini phylogeny and evolution of hairy attachment structures on tarsi (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) 跗猴毛状附着结构的进化与系统发育的再评价（异翅目：跗猴科：跗猴科）

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae171

Valentina Castro-Huertas, María Cecilia Melo

{"title":"Reassessment of the Saicini phylogeny and evolution of hairy attachment structures on tarsi (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae)","authors":"Valentina Castro-Huertas, María Cecilia Melo","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae171","url":null,"abstract":"Saicini comprise 24 genera and 147 species worldwide. Here, we include additional taxa and characters to the morphological dataset of Castro-Huertas and Melo (2023) into a new one composed of 181 characters, which was analysed cladistically with 63 terminals, comprising 18 genera (75% of the generic diversity), 49 species of Saicini, and 12 outgroups. Saicini was recovered as monophyletic, with Carayonia orientalis (Visayanocorini) as its sister-species. Our hypotheses recovered two main clades within Saicini that we recognized as two new subtribes: Saicina subtrib. nov. and Tagalina subtrib. nov.; and the new tribe, Saiciretini trib. nov. of uncertain affinities within Emesinae. Additionally, the morphology and evolution of the scopula is explored. The scopula is a hairy attachment structure on the third tarsomere composed of a set of spatulate setae present on all legs of Saicini and on the meso- and metalegs of a few species of the tribes Emesini and Leistarchini (Emesinae). Scopula presence on all legs had been recovered as synapomorphy of the tribe Saicini. The reconstruction of the ancestral state of the hairy setae shows an emergence of this structure on the ventral region of the third tarsal segment of the protarsus in Saicini and its ancestor without scopula. The arrangement of the scopula is consistent with the recovered clades.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography 两栖纲：无尾目)小蛙属系统分类学，新属7新种描述及历史生物地理学见解

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162

Jhael A Ortega, Diego F Cisneros-Heredia, Jeffrey D Camper, Andrés Romero-Carvajal, Leonardo Negrete, Santiago R Ron

{"title":"Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography","authors":"Jhael A Ortega, Diego F Cisneros-Heredia, Jeffrey D Camper, Andrés Romero-Carvajal, Leonardo Negrete, Santiago R Ron","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162","url":null,"abstract":"Noblella is a genus of 17 recognized nominal species of ground-dwelling, direct-developing frogs. It consists of two clades that do not form a monophyletic group: a northern clade from northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil and a southern clade from southern Peru and Bolivia. Herein, we present a systematic review of Noblella with emphasis on the northern clade, including a new phylogeny based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. We also describe the osteology of five species from the northern clade using X-ray computed tomography. Based on our results, we resurrect the genus Phyllonastes for species of the northern clade (i.e. eight described species plus six new species described herein) and restrict the genus Noblella to the southern clade. We describe a new genus of Holoadeninae, sister to Phyllonastes: Urkuphryne gen. nov., from northern Ecuador. The new genus is distinguished by unique morphological characteristics that are diagnostic of different genera in Strabomantidae. We describe seven new species diagnosable based on morphology. Phyllonastes has five morphological synapomorphies, including the absence of vomerine teeth. Phyllonastes originated in the Pacific basin, Chocó region, ~21 Mya.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) 中白垩世缅甸琥珀中已灭绝的蝎科Chaerilobuthidae被重新解释为现存的Pseudochactidae亚科（螯角目：蝎类）

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169

Qiang Xuan, Lorenzo Prendini, Michael S Engel, Chenyang Cai, Diying Huang

{"title":"Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones)","authors":"Qiang Xuan, Lorenzo Prendini, Michael S Engel, Chenyang Cai, Diying Huang","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169","url":null,"abstract":"The extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae Lourenço and Beigel, 2011, endemic to Burmese amber, was initially established due to its unique pedipalp trichobothrial pattern related to the Type A and Type B patterns of families Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837 and Chaerilidae Pocock, 1893, respectively. The present contribution describes 11 new specimens, representing seven species of Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, revealing their morphology using various imaging technologies. A revised diagnosis of Chaerilobuthus Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 is provided based on new morphological characters of the carapace, ocelli, chelicera, pedipalp trichobothria, coxapophyses, and leg tarsi. The other two genera of Chaerilobuthidae, Chaeriloiurus Lourenço, 2020 and Serratochaerilobuthus Lourenço, 2024, are synonymized with Chaerilobuthus based on a reassessment of their morphological characters and morphometric analysis, creating Chaerilobuthus brigittemuellerae (Lourenço and Velten, 2020), comb. nov. and Chaerilobuthus schmidti (Lourenço and Velten, 2024), comb. nov.. The systematic position of Chaerilobuthidae is clarified based on phylogenetic analyses of an updated morphological character matrix for Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, an extant family in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis placed Chaerilobuthidae sister to the pseudochactid subfamily Vietbocapinae Lourenço, 2012, justifying its transfer to Pseudochactidae, as Chaerilobuthinae Lourenço and Beigel, 2011, stat. nov.. This discovery confirms that Pseudochactidae date back 100 Mya and contributes to understanding the origin and evolutionary history of this relictual family.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shining disco: shedding light into the systematics of the family Discodorididae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) 闪亮的迪斯科：揭示迪斯科科的系统分类（腹足目：裸鳃亚目）

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae170

Robert Fernández-Vilert, Miquel A Arnedo, Xavi Salvador, Ángel Valdés, Michael Schrödl, Juan Moles

{"title":"Shining disco: shedding light into the systematics of the family Discodorididae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)","authors":"Robert Fernández-Vilert, Miquel A Arnedo, Xavi Salvador, Ángel Valdés, Michael Schrödl, Juan Moles","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae170","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary relationships among genera within the nudibranch family Discodorididae remain poorly understood, with comprehensive molecular studies still largely absent. Discodoris, the most species-rich genus within this family, has historically represented a wastebasket taxon where species with ‘discodoridid’ morphology were placed. In this study, we present molecular data to evaluate the taxonomic classification of the family and to investigate potential (pseudo)cryptic diversity. Our molecular analyses comprised a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of 199 specimens, including 20 type species. The dataset included 142 specimens belonging to Discodorididae, 24 from Dorididae, and 33 outgroup taxa. A total of 52 specimens from 30 different species of Discodorididae, including six type taxa, were sequenced from the Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Atlantic Ocean, and Central and South America. Phylogenetic analyses recovered the monophyly of the family Discodorididae but including the doridid Aphelodoris, revealing evidence of hidden diversity in several genera such as Taringa, Tayuva, Paradoris, and Geitodoris. Our study unveiled the paraphyly of the genera Discodoris and Diaulula, which warrant a critical appraisal of their morphology. Overall, we provide relevant molecular information to infer the most complete phylogeny of Discodorididae to date and identify new questions for future studies.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematics of the colour-polymorphic spider genus Cybaeolus, with comments on the phylogeny of the family Hahniidae (Araneae) 彩色多形蜘蛛属的系统分类学及蜘蛛科哈金蛛科系统发育的评述

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae165

Agustina Burgo, Kefyn Catley, Cristian J Grismado, Nadine Dupérré, Suresh P Benjamin, Gustavo Hormiga, Charles Griswold, Leonel Martínez, Martín J Ramírez

{"title":"Systematics of the colour-polymorphic spider genus Cybaeolus, with comments on the phylogeny of the family Hahniidae (Araneae)","authors":"Agustina Burgo, Kefyn Catley, Cristian J Grismado, Nadine Dupérré, Suresh P Benjamin, Gustavo Hormiga, Charles Griswold, Leonel Martínez, Martín J Ramírez","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae165","url":null,"abstract":"We revise the spider genus Cybaeolus Simon, 1884, endemic to Chile and Argentina, including three species, Cybaeolus delfini (Simon, 1904), Cybaeolus pusillus Simon, 1884, and Cybaeolus rastellus (Roth, 1967). The genus Clitistes Simon, 1902 is synonymized with Cybaeolus, and its type species Clitistes velutinus Simon, 1902 is synonymized with Cybaeolus pusillus. We provide a phylogenetic analysis of Cybaeolus and representatives of Hahniidae and outgroups, using molecular markers. Because Cybaeolus is nested within Hahniinae, we synonymize the subfamily Cybaeolinae Lehtinen, 1967 with Hahniinae Bertkau, 1878, and provide an updated diagnosis of Hahniidae using characters of the male palp and spinning organs. We trace the evolution of the characteristic transversal arrangement of spinnerets of hahniids; our results indicate that the grouped spinnerets of Cybaeolus, as well as the presence of many piriform gland spigots, is a reversion to the ancestral state found in outgroups. The morphology of the male palp of hahniids suggests that the tibial retrolateral apophysis of the male is a functional conductor of the intrommittent organ during mating. We document the colour polymorphism of the three species of Cybaeolus, which is unrelated to geographic location and time of collection, and similar morphs occur in both sexes of different species.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeated evolution: the case of columellar folds in gastropods 重复进化：腹足动物小柱褶皱的例子

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae164

Geerat J Vermeij

{"title":"Repeated evolution: the case of columellar folds in gastropods","authors":"Geerat J Vermeij","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae164","url":null,"abstract":"Most adaptive traits evolved multiple times independently, but the conditions of their evolution remain obscure. Here I examine the origins of columellar folds, spiral ridges on the axial wall of the interior of many gastropod shells, in both extant and fossil gastropods. Analyses indicate that these features arose at least 46 times, primarily in caenogastropods and heterobranchs. Columellar folds do not form in shells in which the coiling axis rises steeply above the apertural plane and in which the rim of the rounded aperture is a logarithmic spiral. More derived clades have shells with a low angle of elevation of the coiling axis, which permits the evolution of a non-circular aperture, a longer columella, and the formation of columellar folds. This architectural predisposition to form folds long preceded the realization of this potential. Functions of columellar folds include reducing apertural access to predators and preventing anteroposterior displacement of soft parts in the shell as parts of the body slide into and out of the shell. These benefits became important late in gastropod history as metabolic rates and activity levels of gastropods and the threat of predation by way of the aperture increased in the later Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0