Fábio G L Oliveira, Javier I Arbea, Christian S Wirkner, Nerivânia N Godeiro
{"title":"An integrated taxonomic and phylogenetic study of Neanuroidea (Poduromorpha)","authors":"Fábio G L Oliveira, Javier I Arbea, Christian S Wirkner, Nerivânia N Godeiro","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf028","url":null,"abstract":"The mitogenomes of Australonura wellingtonia, Womersleymeria aff. bicornis, and Megalanura aff. tasmaniae from Satan’s Lair, Tasmania, Australia, are newly sequenced and assembled, and their characteristics are detailed. A phylogeny including 37 species of Poduromorpha based on mitochondrial genomes is also presented. Australonura wellingtonia was placed together with Rambutanura hunanensis, and W. aff. bicornis and M. aff. tasmaniae were placed together, all with high support. Our results recovered Neanuroidea as monophyletic with the highest absolute support. Holacanthella duospinosa, a species belonging to the genus of giant springtails, was the earliest branching species within the Neanuroidea clade. The only sampled Brachystomellidae species (Brachystomella parvula) grouped with other Neanuridae species, questioning its family status. We also redescribe the species A. wellingtonia (Womersley, 1936) using a new approach to morphological documentation of springtails, which uses confocal microscopy. The methodology used for specimen preparation is detailed here to facilitate future reproducibility. The reduction of the jumping apparatus within the clade Neanuroidea is discussed here based on the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth M Steell, Allison Y Hsiang, Daniel J Field
{"title":"Revealing patterns of homoplasy in discrete phylogenetic datasets with a cross-comparable index","authors":"Elizabeth M Steell, Allison Y Hsiang, Daniel J Field","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf024","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating patterns of homoplasy can improve our understanding of macroevolutionary processes by revealing evolutionary constraints on morphology and highlighting convergent form–function relationships. Here, we test the performance of several widely-used methods that provide measures of homoplasy, including the consistency (CI) and retention indices (RI), using simulated and empirical discrete morphological datasets. In addition, we describe and test a new method employing a novel randomization protocol, which we term the relative homoplasy index (RHI). RHI outperforms other methods in a range of situations for measuring relative homoplasy and allows comparisons between different datasets. In line with some previous work, we show that relative levels of homoplasy remain constant with the addition of characters and decrease with the addition of taxa. We also show that the extent of homoplasy strongly influences the distribution of taxa in morphospace. Low homoplasy results in highly partitioned morphospace, while high homoplasy leads to clades overlapping in morphospace. Our results help illuminate the properties of relative homoplasy in morphological phylogenetic matrices, opening new potential avenues for research on homoplasy quantification in macroevolutionary studies.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shelby C Middleton, Robert A Davis, Kenny J Travouillon, Anna J M Hopkins, Harriet R Mills, Linette S Umbrello
{"title":"Revised phylogeography of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) reveals new insights into genetic structure across Australia","authors":"Shelby C Middleton, Robert A Davis, Kenny J Travouillon, Anna J M Hopkins, Harriet R Mills, Linette S Umbrello","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf026","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding genetic relationships within species is essential for identifying distinct genetic lineages and informing conservation strategies, particularly for species with fragmented or widespread geographic distributions. One such widespread species that has suffered declines across Australia, despite remaining common in some areas, is the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), a nocturnal and arboreal marsupial. Previous genetic studies on brushtail possums had limited sampling, which has precluded a comprehensive assessment of the relationships within the species and genus. Using both single nucleotide polymorphism markers and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, this study employed phylogenetics, ancestry coefficients, and tested genetic differentiation, to examine the population structure of brushtail possums across Australia. Our results indicate that current subspecies’ classifications of T. vulpecula do not align with genetic structure, as Western Australian Pilbara and Midwest populations, currently defined as the subspecies Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus, are instead genetically similar to south-eastern and central T. v. vulpecula. These findings have important implications for current conservation strategies, including translocations of brushtail possums, and highlight the importance of comprehensive genetic sampling within wide-ranging species.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michal Benovics, Andrea Šimková, Petr Papežík, Kristína Civáňová Křížová, Markéta Ondračková, Martin Zach, Mária Seifertová
{"title":"Novel molecular data for diplozoids reveal similar mitochondrial and ribosomal phylogenies, unexpected geographical structure, and intra-individual mito-nuclear incompatibilities","authors":"Michal Benovics, Andrea Šimková, Petr Papežík, Kristína Civáňová Křížová, Markéta Ondračková, Martin Zach, Mária Seifertová","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf021","url":null,"abstract":"Diplozoids are parasitic flatworms known for their unique development, whereby two hermaphroditic individuals fuse to form a single adult. They exhibit varying host specificity, with Paradiplozoon homoion having the widest known distribution, making it a suitable model for population genetic studies. In this study, the genetic variability of P. homoion was assessed from 60 cyprinoid fish species at 47 sites in the western Palaearctic using the mitochondrial COI gene. Moreover, novel sequence data of four ribosomal and one mitochondrial marker were used to understand phylogenetic relationships among diplozoids. A total of 29 unique COI haplotypes in six divergent haplogroups among P. homoion populations were identified. The COI fragment showed ≤8.8% intraspecific variability. The Caspian Sea Basin and Anatolio-Mediterranean region had the highest haplotype diversity, while the Danube Basin and western Europe populations had similar haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed congruence between mitochondrial and ribosomal markers, except for Paradiplozoon koubkovae from Iran. The high intraspecific variability highlights the rapid mutation rate in mitochondrial DNA, important for future taxonomic studies. The spatial distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes showed partial geographical structure, suggesting an east-to-west dispersal route for P. homoion into Europe. The presence of different haplotypes within a single individual suggests intraspecific hybridization.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatah Zarei, Yonela Sithole, Ulrich Schliewen, Roger Bills, Albert Chakona
{"title":"Integrative systematics of the taxonomically complex gobiid genus Glossogobius Gill, 1859 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the south-western Indian Ocean, with a description of a new species","authors":"Fatah Zarei, Yonela Sithole, Ulrich Schliewen, Roger Bills, Albert Chakona","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf023","url":null,"abstract":"Glossogobius, a species-rich gobiid genus with 42 recognized species distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, lacks a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. The highest diversity of the genus occurs in the tropical West Pacific, highlighting this region as a centre of endemism. In contrast, the Indian Ocean has lower diversity (nine species). This study offers the first thorough description of Glossogobius diversity in the south-western Indian Ocean through integrative analyses. Our findings reveal nine lineages, five of which are newly identified, including a new species, Glossogobius hanisii sp. nov., described from southern Africa and Madagascar. Seven species/lineages, along with G. kokius from Mauritius and G. tenuiformis, are endemic to the south-western Indian Ocean. With 65% of Indian Ocean Glossogobius species/lineages being endemic to the south-western region, it is identified as a hotspot of endemism. The genetic structuring of these lineages along the east coast of southern Africa appears to be shaped by an interplay between life history, oceanographic conditions, and adaptations to marine biogeographic regions. Additionally, our findings highlight Madagascar’s central role in Glossogobius diversification and evolution of unique gobies, provide a framework for a comprehensive revision of Glossogobius in the region, and facilitate the identification of conservation units and the formulation of management measures.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phylogeny, biogeography, and diversification of the cicada Pomponia linearis and its allies (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)","authors":"Jiali Wang, Masami Hayashi, Cong Wei","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf019","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomically chaotic Asian genus Pomponia is one of the more species-rich genera in Cicadidae, with multiple species groups and species complexes. To help understand the evolution of Pomponia, establish a time frame, and define species, we studied morphology and conducted molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographical analyses of 394 individuals belonging to the Pomponia linearis species group and relatives using five or six genes, respectively. The most widely distributed species of Pomponia is confirmed to be P. linearis; Pomponia yayeyamanasyn. n. is recognized to be a junior synonym of P. linearis; Pomponia backanensissyn. n. is recognized to be a junior synonym of Pomponia subtilita; and six species are new to science. The phylogeny of Pomponia and related genera does not support the monophyly of Psithyristriini. The ancestor of the P. linearis species group is presumed to have originated from Hengduan Mountains and Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau at ~5.41 Mya and initially diversified during the Mid-Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. P. linearis comprises five subclades corresponding to geographically isolated populations. Dramatic Pleistocene climatic oscillations and niche vicariance were presumably the main drivers for the diversification of P. linearis and allies. This study improves understanding of the diversification, phylogeny, and dispersal history of cicadas in Eastern Asia.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shan-Min Chen, Ace Kevin S Amarga, Reagan Joseph T Villanueva, Hui-Yun Tseng
{"title":"Regional selection pressure and heterogeneous transitions shape diverse colour pattern in Pachyrhynchus weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","authors":"Shan-Min Chen, Ace Kevin S Amarga, Reagan Joseph T Villanueva, Hui-Yun Tseng","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf013","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of colouration and patterns is a captivating aspect of biological research shaped by multiple factors. Pachyrhynchus weevils, known for their unpalatable nature owing to their tough elytra, inhabit the tropical regions of the Philippines and display intricate elytral patterns that contribute significantly to species diversity. To investigate the evolution of patterns in Pachyrhynchus weevils, we used the ultraconserved elements method to construct a phylogeny encompassing 99 species and to assess pattern evolution. These weevils exhibit flexibility in pattern expression, with a trend towards pattern retention and diversification rather than pattern loss, as indicated by the analyses of evolutionary transition rates. Furthermore, using phylogenetic generalized linear regression, we found that patterns are associated with specific geographical regions, suggesting that convergent evolution of patterns occurs among weevils. Finally, our analysis revealed that speciation rates are not consistent with the rates of pattern diversification. These results highlight the complexity of pattern evolution and suggest that varying selection pressures in different areas, such as predation, combined with frequent transitions in patterns, might contribute to the evolution of these patterns, potentially leading to a rich diversity among these island-dwelling insects.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabrizio Freda, Marco A Bologna, Paolo Fontana, Alessandra Riccieri
{"title":"Integrating morphology and molecular data to explore taxonomy, evolutionary history, and conservation of Italian endemic Forficulidae (Dermaptera)","authors":"Fabrizio Freda, Marco A Bologna, Paolo Fontana, Alessandra Riccieri","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf009","url":null,"abstract":"Italy hosts 27 species of Dermaptera, five belonging to Forficula, which were never thoroughly investigated. We integrated morphological (morphometric measurements) and molecular data (mitochondrial COI, 16S and nuclear 28S, ITS2) to revise the Italian species, focusing on the endemic taxa, and on the diversity within F. auricularia to reveal the presence of cryptic species. Our data were integrated with those available for other West Mediterranean Forficula. Our results confirmed the taxonomic status of the endemic F. apennina and F. silana, that belong to different lineages but share some morphological traits. The endemic Pseudochelidura orsinii and P.galvagnii resulted nested within Forficula, and a new taxonomic arrangement is proposed (Forficula orsinii: resurrected combination and Forficula galvagnii: new combination). Molecular data revealed the presence in Pantelleria and Sardinia of F. mediterranea, cryptic with F.auricularia and reported only from Spain and Morocco. Morphometric data showed a distinction between West Mediterranean and Italian specimens of F. mediterranea, indicating a divergent selection within this species. This study provides new insights for the Italian Forficulidae, highlighting the importance of combining different approaches in the study of species diversity for their conservation. Indeed, F.apennina and F. galvagnii are high altitude species which seem to be affected by global warming so much to raise fears for their conservation.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana B J Picasso, Laura M Biondi, Maria C Mosto, Guillermo H Cassini, Alejandro M Tudisca
{"title":"Diversity in owls’ (Strigiformes) hindlimbs: evolutionary and ecological influences on hindlimb bone proportions and their relation to prey preferences","authors":"Mariana B J Picasso, Laura M Biondi, Maria C Mosto, Guillermo H Cassini, Alejandro M Tudisca","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf014","url":null,"abstract":"In Strigiformes, which comprise the Tytonidae and Strigidae families, hindlimbs play a crucial role in prey capture. Yet, their bone proportions remain understudied despite the established link between avian hindlimb skeletal morphology and ecological traits. We examined the proportions of the femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus in 18 owl species, investigating their associations with prey preferences, body mass, and phylogenetic signals. Our results indicate that owls generally have a short femur and tarsometatarsus, and a relatively long tibiotarsus, all exhibiting isometric scaling relative to body mass. Although evolutionary inheritance influences bone proportions, ecological influences become apparent when the three bones are considered together, highlighting adaptations associated with dietary demands. For instance, the long tarsometatarsus in barn owls facilitates swift movement in dense environments, aiding in the capture of small rodents; whereas in burrowing owls, it enhances terrestrial locomotion. The remaining species exhibited a relatively short tarsometatarsus, which enhances strength and responds to various biological demands, enabling the capture of different prey types and sizes, or improving stability during perching. Our findings suggest that Tytonidae and Strigidae diverged in dietary preferences early in their evolution, with Tytonidae specializing on small rodents and Strigidae evolving from insectivory to more generalized or mammals-based diets.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Pessacq, Danielle Anjos-Santos, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera, M Olalla Lorenzo-Carballa
{"title":"A reappraisal of the family status of Neotropical Protoneuridae (Odonata: Zygoptera) using morphological and molecular information","authors":"Pablo Pessacq, Danielle Anjos-Santos, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera, M Olalla Lorenzo-Carballa","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf012","url":null,"abstract":"Several comprehensive studies have greatly contributed to the clarification of Odonata phylogeny, paying special attention to the damselflies (Zygoptera). Nearly half of the species of Zygoptera are included in the family Coenagrionidae, but the status of some previously recognized families is still debated. Here, we present the results of phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequences and morphological data of 10 of the 15 Neotropical genera formerly included within the Neotropical family Protoneuridae, with the goal to test their monophyly and phylogenetic position within the Coenagrionidae sensu lato. Our analyses support the polyphyly of Protoneuridae, with Proneura prolongata and Junix elumbis falling within the ‘core’ Coenagrionidae, whereas the remaining Neotropical Protoneuridae included in our analyses form a monophyletic clade, sister to the ridged frons Coenagrionidae. Our results differ from previous analyses that suggested that the Protoneuridae were members of the ridged frons Coenagrionidae clade, most likely because our dataset has a wider coverage of the group, both in terms of taxa and data sources. We propose the redefinition of the Protoneuridae (excluding Proneura, Junix, and all the previously included Old-World genera) and its re-establishment as a redefined Protoneuridae family, which is characterized by several morphological and biological unique attributes.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}