Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society最新文献

{"title":"Osteology, relationship, and feeding ecology of the theropod dinosaur Noasaurus leali, from the Late Cretaceous of North-Western Argentina","authors":"Christophe Hendrickx, Mauricio A Cerroni, Federico L Agnolín, Santiago Catalano, Cátia F Ribeiro, Rafael Delcourt","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150","url":null,"abstract":"Noasaurus leali is a small (~2 m) carnivorous theropod and the nominal genus of the clade Noasauridae, one of the two radiations of abelisauroid ceratosaurs predominantly present in the Southern Hemisphere during the Mesozoic. This eponymous theropod from the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation of Salta, Argentina, is known from an incomplete skeleton of which the strongly curved manual ungual is the most peculiar element. We here provide for the first time a comprehensive description of the holotypic specimens of Noasaurus, whose phylogenetic position was explored using three independent datamatrices on theropod relationships. This species is diagnosed by several apomorphies such as a dorsal ridge in the maxillary fossa, a strongly arched quadrate, a cervical neural arch with anterior epipophyseal prongs, and a manual ungual with a subtriangular flexor fossa delimited by a V-shaped ridge. Results of the phylogenetic analyses recovered Noasaurus closely related to Velocisaurus, Masiakasaurus, and Laevisuchus, which together form a Late Cretaceous radiation of small-bodied noasaurids restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. The peculiar morphology of the lateral dentition and manual unguals suggests that Noasaurus was an opportunistic carnivore feeding on small prey items and a possible piscivore gaffing fish with its specialized hand claws.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Too rough to be a Hypsibius: multipopulation survey accentuates the phylogenetic position and apomorphies of Hypsibius scabropygus (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae)","authors":"Piotr Gąsiorek, Martin V Sørensen, Marie Rathcke Lillemark, Frederik Leerhøi, Anders P Tøttrup","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae160","url":null,"abstract":"Tardigrade taxonomy is undergoing a turbulent phase of reclassifying various species that have previously been gathered within large wastebasket genera, such as Diphascon or Hypsibius. The application of genetic sequencing, paired with detailed analysis of fine morphological features in 3D using scanning electron microscopy, allow for revealing new phenotypic characters used in systematics. At the same time, resampling of previously well-sampled regions, such as the Western Palaearctic, delivers fresh and precious data. In this paper, the second from a series of publications integratively addressing the tardigrade fauna of Denmark, we focus on Hypsibius scabropygus and related species, which appeared to be common and abundant in cryptogam samples. As previously suggested by scarce molecular and morphological evidence, Hypsibius scabropygus is considerably different from other representatives of the genus Hypsibius by the presence of ramazzottiid characters. These include Ramazzottius-like claws with thinned, and thus more flexible, primary branches of external/posterior claws, apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles asymmetrical with respect to the frontal plane, rudimentary elliptical sensory organs, buccal tube slightly bent in posterior portion, and, finally, eggs with distinct chorion granulation laid in exuviae (known for some hypsibiids and acutuncids), and not smooth, which is otherwise typical for most hypsibiids. Consequently, the group of Hypsibius species with two small granular macroplacoids in the pharynx and pronounced cuticular sculpturing in the form of dorsoposterior protuberances or whole-dorsal tubercles is erected as Parahypsibius gen. nov. New DNA barcodes strongly support the monophyly of Hypsibiidae and recent changes in the classification of Pilatobiinae. We argue that some still poorly resolved nodes in the hypsibiid tree are the result of incomplete representation of particularly uncommon evolutionary lineages. Our abundant cryptogam samples from across Denmark demonstrate the value of involving local communities and utilizing citizen science in biodiversity monitoring and documentation.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanics of venom delivery in South America’s first toxungen-spraying scorpion","authors":"Léo Laborieux","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae161","url":null,"abstract":"Venom is a metabolically expensive secretion used sparingly in a variety of ecological contexts, most notably predation and defence. Accordingly, few animals employ their toxins from a distance, and venom-squirting behaviour is only known from select taxa. In scorpions, species belonging to two genera are known to spray venom when threatened, and previous work in Parabuthus transvaalicus shows that venom delivery depends on perceived levels of threat. Here, I describe Tityus (Tityus) achilles sp. nov., a new species of buthid scorpion from Cundinamarca, Colombia. Remarkably, this species is capable of venom spraying, a first for both the genus and the South American continent. Using frame-by-frame video analysis and ballistic equations, I show that T. (Tityus) achilles sp. nov. employs not one, but two types of airborne defences with dramatic differences in reach and venom expenditure. Further, the new species uses an unusually large reserve of prevenom-like secretion for spraying, as opposed to the costly venom used by other spraying scorpions. In light of these key specializations, I propose that toxungen spraying convergently evolved in response to different selection pressures, laying the groundwork for future investigation.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hidden finch from the Galapagos Islands: a genetically and morphologically distinctive woodpecker finch from San Cristobal Island","authors":"Lucinda P Lawson, Erwin Nemeth, Michael Dvorak, Francesca Cunninghame, Birgit Fessl, Jakob C Mueller, Denis Mosquera, Beate Wendelin, Kenneth Petren","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae163","url":null,"abstract":"The Galapagos finches represent a rapid radiation of birds across the remote oceanic archipelago that vary morphologically, behaviourally, and genetically. The level of diversity and rapid rate of speciation have created taxonomic difficulties in resolving phylogenetic relationships. While much of the phylogeny has recently been clarified with modern genomic methods, some of the diversity has been overlooked by under-sampling across islands within presumed species. The woodpecker finch, Camarhynchus pallidus Sclater and Salvin, 1870, represents one such lineage, as all three recognized subspecies have never been fully phylogenetically assessed in regard to their species’ status and relationship with their close sister-species, the mangrove finch (C. heliobates; Snodgrass and Heller 1901). Using genetic and genomic tools, along with morphological analyses, we show that the San Cristobal woodpecker finch (C. p. striatipecta; Swarth 1931) is genetically distinct and paraphyletic with the mangrove finch, compared to all other woodpecker finch subspecies. Given these results we propose that the San Cristobal woodpecker finch be prioritized for further research, as our results hint that it should be given full species’ status as Camarhynchus striatipecta Swarth, 1931.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic niche evolution and desert colonization in a South American lizard radiation","authors":"Raúl Araya-Donoso, Ítalo Tamburrino, Esteban San Juan, Madeleine Lamborot","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae116","url":null,"abstract":"Organisms in adaptive radiations are able to diversify and colonize multiple environments. Frequently, the evolution of key adaptations enables organisms to confront novel environmental challenges, promoting diversification. Here, we studied desert colonization in the Liolaemus radiation. We assessed the patterns of climatic niche evolution in the L. nigromaculatus section, one Liolaemus clade inhabiting the Atacama Desert. We found that evolution toward arid conditions occurred in two clades independently: one clade colonized the desert through warm coastal environments, and the other through cold highland environments on the Andes Mountains. The precipitation climatic niche evolved fast and early during this clade’s evolutionary history, following an early burst (EB) model of evolution, whereas the thermal climatic niche evolved under Brownian motion (BM) and at a lower rate. Additionally, we explored some features that could have facilitated desert colonization: a higher chromosome number was associated with warmer temperatures, lower selected body temperatures were associated with higher environmental temperatures and drier climates, larger and more elongated bodies with colder environments, and longer limbs and tails were associated with higher thermal variation. Our results highlight that organisms can confront challenging environments in multiple ways such that some niche axes may evolve faster during the colonization of novel environments, and that radiated groups may have the evolutionary potential to rapidly evolve these adaptations.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New specimens of Saturnalia tupiniquim (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha): insights into intraspecific variation, rostral anatomy, and skull size","authors":"Lísie V S Damke, Max C Langer, Átila A S Da-Rosa, Rodrigo T Müller","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae156","url":null,"abstract":"Dinosaurs arose in the Late Triassic and diversified during the subsequent periods of the Mesozoic Era. The oldest unequivocal dinosaurs come from Carnian deposits of Brazil, Argentina, India, and Zimbabwe, with sauropodomorphs representing the bulk of this record. Saturnalia tupiniquim was described from Brazilian strata in 1999 as the first Carnian member of that group. Although several new species and specimens of coeval sauropodomorphs have been described in recent years, no new material has been formally assigned to that species. In this contribution, we describe an association of at least three partially preserved individuals of S. tupiniquim (UFSM 11660), which was excavated from the S. tupiniquim type-locality (Late Triassic of the Santa Maria Formation) and preserves cranial and postcranial elements, including the first rostrum known for the species. Assigned to S. tupiniquim according to several lines of evidence, the new specimen has a proportionally short rostrum, compared to that of coeval sauropodomorphs, providing evidence for a reduced skull in S. tupiniquim. In addition, we investigated the intraspecific variation in S. tupiniquim, highlighting the need to understand the morphological limits of such variations among the earliest dinosaurs, in order to properly explore their alpha diversity.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an integrative revision of Haplotaxidae (Annelida: Clitellata)","authors":"Patrick Martin, Steven Fend, Svante Martinsson, Mårten Klinth, Takaaki Torii, Christer Erséus","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae141","url":null,"abstract":"The classification and phylogenetic position of Haplotaxidae, an enigmatic family of clitellate worms, have long been discussed. We estimate the phylogeny for Clitellata as a whole, using a taxon sample adhering to current definitions of Haplotaxidae and including species attributable to Haplotaxis, plus a representation of other clitellates. Sequences of five markers, 4087 bp in total, were analysed by Bayesian Inference. A well-supported tree shows that Haplotaxidae is polyphyletic, consisting of at least five separate clades scattered among other clitellate lineages. We redefine Haplotaxidae s.s. to only include Haplotaxis, and erect four new families: Pelodrilidae Martin et al.fam. nov. for Pelodrilus, Hologynus, and Delaya; Haplotaxoididae Martin et al.fam. nov. for Haplotaxoides Fend gen. nov., with Haplotaxoides decipiens Fend sp. nov. and Haplotaxoides tehama Fend sp. nov.; Limpluvidae Martin et al.fam. nov. for Limpluvia setoensis Fend & Torii gen. et sp. nov.; and Ohtakianidae Martin et al.fam. nov. for Ohtakiana kakidaensis Fend & Torii gen. et sp. nov. To adhere to standard classification systems, we assign all five families to separate orders, Pelodrilida ord. nov., Haplotaxoidida ord. nov., Othakianida ord. nov., Limpluvida ord. nov., and Haplotaxida. Haplotaxidae s.s. and Pelodrilidae seem to belong to an incompletely resolved group also including lumbriculids, leeches, and earthworms. Moreover, a close relationship between Limpluvia, Ohtakiana, and the lumbriculid-hirudinean clade (i.e. taxon Lumbriculata) is strongly supported, whereas Haplotaxoididae are placed more basally in the clitellate phylogeny than the other haplotaxids s.l., their exact position remaining unresolved. The analysed Holarctic Haplotaxis populations (representing up to 10 species) appear separated more by geography than by obvious morphological characters.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent evolution of breathing microtunnel system in terrestrial operculate snails (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoroidea)","authors":"Barna Páll-Gergely, Bernhard Ruthensteiner, Josef Harl, Nóra M Magonyi, Takahiro Asami, Virág Krizsik, Thomas Schwaha, Zoltán Fehér","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae158","url":null,"abstract":"The Cyclophoroidea are a group of land snails possessing an operculum that seals the aperture when the snail withdraws its body into the shell. Several groups have developed snorkel-like tubes, which are open at their outer ends, for gas exchange when the operculum closes the aperture. The tube of the cyclophorid subfamily Alycaeinae is, however, closed at its outer end. Recent investigations revealed that the tube of Alycaeinae, which starts to develop in subadults, is connected to several long microtunnels that run perpendicular to the tube and open near the umbilicus. We examined snails similar to Alycaeinae and discovered three types of gas-exchange systems that differ from the system in Alycaeinae. In Laotia, the microtunnels run to separate chambers, whereas in Platyrhaphe the microtunnels run to an internal tube. In both genera, the breathing device is already present in juveniles. Lastly, in Boucardicus there is no tube, but the microtunnels reach the common opening individually. Our molecular phylogeny, based on sequence data from the 28S, H3 and COI genes indicates that the microtunnel systems of these four groups have evolved independently. Based on these findings, three new subfamilies are proposed: Boucardicinae Páll-Gergely subfam. nov. (Hainesiidae), Laotiinae Páll-Gergely subfam. nov. (Diplommatinidae), and Platyrhaphidinae Páll-Gergely subfam. nov. (Cyclophoridae).","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cracking etymological enigmas: unravelling the Greek and Latin languages’ contributions in marine taxa nomenclature","authors":"Georgios Kazanidis","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae145","url":null,"abstract":"Etymology is a key component in zoological nomenclature, often carrying key information for an organism. Greek and Latin languages have been used for centuries in synthesizing zoological names. However, there are surprisingly few studies about each language’s contribution, which is crucial for avoiding misunderstandings around names’ meaning and origin. This study examined the publications that described 1328 valid Echinodermata genera and presents results for 425 genera where etymology was provided by the authors. The analysis showed that 63.8% of genera names were composed exclusively of Greek elements, 28.0% were hybrid, 6.1% ‘other’, and 2.1% Latin. Language elements used in the formation of names were Greek (68.1%), ‘other’ (17.2%), or Latin (14.7%). The contribution of the Greek elements decreased after 1960, while the presence of hybrid increased. A decrease in the contribution of morphological elements was also observed after 1960, accompanied by an increased use of scientists’ surnames. Etymological analysis has unravelled and addressed long-lasting misconceptions about commonly used terminology. The number of studies where etymology is provided increased after 1960; this practice needs to be sustained as etymological transparency advances zoological knowledge and minimizes the risk for the development of misleading concepts in zoological nomenclature.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting European and Asian Diamesa species (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae): morphological and molecular insights","authors":"Valeria Lencioni, Narcís Prat, Francesca Paoli, Raúl Acosta, Ana Rodriguez-Prieto, Giuliana Allegrucci","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae136","url":null,"abstract":"Diamesa is a cold-adapted genus of Diptera: Chironomidae colonizing cold freshwaters of the Northern Hemisphere and East Africa. Global warming and glacier shrinkage are threatening their survival. In this work, we aimed to provide new insights into taxonomical gaps and phylogeny of Diamesa species from the Pyrenees, Alps, and Karakorum mountains to understand the colonization processes better and have a more accurate count of the number of endangered species. An incongruence between morphological identification and DNA barcoding (COI) was highlighted, suggesting the need for other approaches combined to estimate genetic distance. We reconstructed the phylogeny of the Palaearctic, using molecular data from two nuclear (CADI and CADIV) and three mitochondrial (COI and COII and 16S) genes. We emphasized that: (i) the Diamesa steinboecki group shares with the common ancestor of the other Diamesa species a strong cold adaptation; (ii) the European and Asian species belonging to the steinboecki group separated from each other during the Miocene (~15 Mya); and (iii) the major diversification of species in the Alps occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene epochs, mainly during the alternation of glacial and interglacial periods. This confirms the strong relationship between species evolution and climate change.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}