Zoologischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Low genetic diversity and identification of two management units for tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus (Leach, 1819) in Palawan, Philippines","authors":"Ivane R. Pedrosa-Gerasmio ,&nbsp;Rialyn M. Bolos ,&nbsp;Maria Mojena G. Plasus ,&nbsp;Ephrime B. Metillo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tachypleus tridentatus</em>, locally known as \"barangkas\" in Palawan, Philippines, was classified globally as \"Endangered\" in 2019 in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. To aid future conservation efforts for this species, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of <em>T. tridentatus</em> in Palawan using mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data. A total of 72 horseshoe crabs were randomly collected from Barangay San Pedro (n = 30) and Barangay San Jose (n = 30) in Puerto Princesa City, and Barangay Punta Baja, Rizal (n = 6), and Barangay San Juan, Dumaran (n = 6) on Palawan Island, Philippines. The samples varied in size, with prosomal width ranging from 6.4 to 34.19 cm and total length ranging from 12.64 to 74.3 cm. Those from San Pedro were mostly juveniles, while those from the other sites were adults. All samples were morphologically identified as <em>T. tridentatus</em> (n = 72). This identification was confirmed by mtDNA sequence data (n = 52), with percent identity ranging from 98.9 % to 99.6 % with the <em>T. tridentatus</em> sequence in the GenBank database. Eight haplotypes were identified among 52 DNA sequences for the 541 bp mtDNA COI fragment, with three haplotypes shared among locations. Overall sequence variation was relatively low, with only ten polymorphic sites observed. The average haplotype diversity was 0.426 ± 0.159, while the average nucleotide diversity was 0.0015 ± 0.0013. Analysis of molecular variance showed genetic differentiation among the samples, with a fixation index (<em>F</em>_<em>ST</em>) of 0.37 (<em>p</em>-value = 0.00 ± 0.00). Pairwise <em>F</em>_<em>ST</em>s revealed that the collection from Punta Baja, Rizal was genetically distinct from those in other locations, suggesting the utility of two management units or stocks: respectively on the western (Rizal) and the eastern (Puerto Princesa and Dumaran) sides of the island. The low abundance and genetic diversity observed among horseshoe crabs in Palawan suggest an urgent need for measures to protect this species. Moreover, our results suggest the need for coordinated management strategies among sites that share a common stock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative ultra-microscopy unraveling the regressive evolutionary signals: Insights from adaptations to extreme environment","authors":"Hamid Reza Esmaeili ,&nbsp;Sorour Echreshavi ,&nbsp;Azad Teimori ,&nbsp;Harald Ahnelt","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme environmental conditions have profound impacts on shaping the evolutionary trajectory of organisms. Cave-dwelling fishes, known as subterranean fishes, are notable examples of regressive evolution in response to the unique ecosystem of caves. <em>Garra longipinnis</em> (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae), a freshwater cyprinid endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, resides in both caves and surface habitats in northern Oman. It showcases two distinct morphotypes: the normal surface-dwelling form (epigean) with eyes and body pigmentation, and the blind cave-dwelling form (troglomorphic) lacking both eyes and pigmentation. Two morphotypes were analyzed comparatively, focusing on body scales using light and scanning electron microscopy to unravel the possible regressive evolutionary signals in cave-dwelling <em>G. longipinnis</em>, . The results revealed that the blind cave-dwelling form displayed a reduction in some scale features, including the reduction in scale size, smaller focal index, smaller extension index, and the absence of tubercles on the posterior portion of the scale. An additional change in the scales of the cave-dwelling population was related to the tubular part of the lateral line canal, which was longer with a wider opening (enhanced non-visual sensory systems). Furthermore, the cave population exhibited a relatively smaller body size than its surface-dwelling counterpart. These observed traits are regarded as adaptations to the constant darkness and poor nutrition conditions of the subterranean environments. By uncovering novel regressive evolutionary signals in scale morphology, this study contributes to our understanding of cave-dwelling inhabitants, shedding light on the independent influences of extreme environments on the evolution of fish populations and species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 83-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antennal sensory array in the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and two carpenter ants, Camponotus mus and Camponotus aethiops","authors":"Mariel Alejandra Moauro ,&nbsp;José Emilio Crespo ,&nbsp;Roxana Josens","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ants play a crucial role in both natural settings, impacting ecosystem functions, and in human-altered environments, where they can potentially cause harm. The Argentine ant, <em>Linepithema humile</em>, is recognized globally as an important invasive species, known for its ability to colonize diverse habitats and causing significant ecological and economic damage. In contrast, species of the <em>Camponotus</em> genus, while sharing similar food habits, typically have more restricted ranges and are also highly adapted to human-modified environments. This study serves as a foundational investigation into the antennal morphology of <em>L. humile</em> and two <em>Camponotus</em> species—one native and one from the invasive range of <em>L. humile</em>. We employed a systematic sampling method to analyse the distribution and relative abundance of chaetic, basiconic, and trichoidea sensilla along the last antennomere. Our results indicate that <em>Camponotus</em> and .<em>L.</em> <em>humile</em> have similar proportions of the sensilla analysed, with chaetic and basiconic sensilla increasing towards the tip, while trichoidea sensilla tended to decrease. Notably, both native species of Argentina, <em>L. humile</em> and <em>Camponotus mus</em>, exhibited significantly higher abundances of chaetic and trichoidea curvata sensilla compared to <em>Camponotus aethiops</em> from France. This study establishes a framework for future research aimed at exploring the chemosensory responses associated with these sensilla, paving the way for deeper insights into how these ants interact with their environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First description of an intact copula in Coniopterygidae (Insecta: Neuropterida: Neuroptera) based on microCT imaging","authors":"Ulrike Aspöck ,&nbsp;Viola Winkler ,&nbsp;Horst Aspöck ,&nbsp;Axel Gruppe ,&nbsp;Brian Metscher","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The finding of a copulating pair of <em>Coniopteryx (Holoconiopteryx) haematica</em> (Mc Lachlan, 1868) offers the possibility to study the position of the elements of the genitalia of both sexes to each other for the first time in Coniopterygidae by using X-ray microcomputed tomography. The genital sclerites of the male resemble largely those of <em>Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) pygmaea</em> (Enderlein, 1906) treated previously. Therefore, terminology and interpretation of the genital sclerites following the “gonocoxite concept” are adopted. The dominating eye-catching sclerite of the male is sternite 9 (the hypandrium externum of diverse taxa), the dominating sclerite of the female genitalia is the sclerotized spermatheca embedded in the “copulatory cup” of the hypandrium externum of the male. There is no indication that the genital sclerites of the male, the so called intromittent sclerites, are pushed into the female during copulation. They apparently function as a track for the distal part of the long slim ductus ejaculatorius.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White-toothed shrew (genus Crocidura) diversity in Iran: Molecular evidence and taxonomic implications","authors":"Ahmad Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Hamid Haddadian Shad ,&nbsp;Boris Kryštufek","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White-toothed shrews (genus <em>Crocidura</em>), with a wide distribution across the Palearctic, are among the lesser-known small mammals in Iran. Recent molecular studies uncovered several deep divergences within traditional nominal species, challenging their taxonomic status. Specimens from across Iran were collected to explore the diversity and taxonomy of the small white-toothed shrew (<em>Crocidura suaveolens</em>) and the bicoloured shrew (<em>Crocidura leucodon</em>) using both morphological and molecular data. Mitochondrial cytochrome <em>b</em> (<em>Cytb</em>) analysis identified five distinct lineages, two of which are endemic to Iran. The specific position of the Iranian bicoloured shrew (<em>Crocidura persica</em> Thomas, 1907) is supported by morphological and genetic (<em>Cytb</em> and <em>Brca1</em>) evidence. Three lineages of <em>C. suaveolens</em> sensu lato were classified as <em>C. suaveolens</em> sensu stricto, <em>Crocidura gueldenstaedtii</em> and <em>Crocidura caspica</em>; the first species also contains sequences from Dasht-Bujnurd which is the type locality of <em>Crocidura gmelini</em>. An unnamed lineage from central Iran (lineage VIII) is described as a new species, <em>Crocidura darvishi</em> n. sp. The three <em>suaveolens</em> group species clearly differ in <em>Cytb</em> sequences but less so in the nuclear <em>Brca1</em> tree. Morphological differences are also slight. These findings, along with a taxonomic annex of Iranian species, enhance our understanding of Iran's unique fauna. Despite its peripheral location in temperate biotas, Iran is a hotspot for basal lineages of small mammals, especially in refugial areas like the Hyrcanian Forest (<em>C. persica</em>, <em>C. caspica</em>), Zagros (<em>C. darvishi</em> n. sp.), and Kopet-Dagh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monogamy and sexual dimorphism: Evaluation of the morphometric relationship of body and secondary sexual structures in heterosexual pairs of Alpheus estuariensis Christoffersen, 1984","authors":"Carla Janes Fernandes Alcantara ,&nbsp;Ana Laura de Alcântara Pontes ,&nbsp;Maria das Graças Ferreira Alcântara ,&nbsp;Allysson Pontes Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Whandenson Machado do Nascimento","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sexual monomorphism or reduced sexual dimorphism in the body or cheliped size is expected in caridean shrimps that exhibit a monogamous mating system. In contrast to the mating system models proposed in crustaceans, monogamous heterosexual pairs of same <em>Alpheus</em> species exhibit sexual dimorphism. This raises questions about how sexual selection acts in these shrimps. We hypothesized that secondary sexual structures, but not the body, exhibit a tendency for size and directional allometry in each sex. We evaluate sexual size dimorphism in heterosexual pairs of <em>Alpheus estuariensis</em>, and the morphometric relationship of the body, and secondary sexual structures (cheliped and second pleonal segment), in heterosexual pairs of three populations. Carapace length did not differ between males and females, exhibiting a positive size correlation among monogamous pairs, indicating size-assortative mating across the three locations. Males bear larger cheliped propodus, while females had larger second pleura, indicating sexual size dimorphism. The propodus relationship between the sexes displayed positive allometry in the Paraíba do Norte River, whereas heterosexual pairs from the Paripe River and Massangana River showed isometry in cheliped propodus size between sexes. Furthermore, heterosexual pairs demonstrated negative allometry for pleura width. These findings support the hypothesis that secondary sexual structures, but not the body, exhibit size and directional allometry. We believe that these results are linked to the reproductive success of each sex in <em>A. estuariensis</em>. This implies that even within a monogamous mating system, selective sexual pressures play a role in the sexual dimorphism in these shrimps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the first impression is not what counts: Two striking new species of Schuhocoris (Rhyparochromidae: Rhyparochrominae: Antillocorini)","authors":"Dolores María Goñi ,&nbsp;María Cecilia Melo ,&nbsp;Pablo M. Dellapé","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rhyparochromid tribe Antillocorini is a cosmopolitan group of very small to minute true bugs distributed in the tropics and subtropics, extending to the temperate regions but also well represented in oceanic islands in the Pacific. In America, 19 genera are present, all with species distributed in the Neotropics. The monotypic genus <em>Schuhocoris</em> Slater, 1985 was described from Peru, Panama and Brazil. Here we expand the characters’ set defining <em>Schuhocoris</em>, and describe two new species in the genus, <em>Schuhocoris ecuatorianus</em> <strong>n. sp.</strong> and <em>S. slateri</em> <strong>n. sp.</strong>, both from Ecuador, that present abdominal modifications compatible with stridulatory structures, something not reported for members of the tribe so far. Dorsal and lateral habitus photographs, along with images of relevant external characters and from the pygophore and parameres of the new species are given, and the presence and morphology of stridulatory devices are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 144-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The remarkable richness of Girardia (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) in Brazilian subterranean habitats: Two new species from sandstone and limestone caves","authors":"Ana Laura Morais ,&nbsp;Giuly G. Iturralde ,&nbsp;Diana J.K. Almeida ,&nbsp;Maria Elina Bichuette ,&nbsp;Jonas Eduardo Gallão ,&nbsp;Ana Leal-Zanchet ,&nbsp;Victor H. Valiati","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The triclads of the suborder Continenticola have little known diversity in freshwater environments in South America, with few studies on their distribution in the Neotropical region. In this article, we describe two new species of <em>Girardia</em> that live in caves and discuss their phylogenetic relationships with the most recent phylogeny of the genus. <em>Girardia patiensis</em> Morais &amp; Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov. and <em>Girardia alba</em> Morais &amp; Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov. are described from a single cave, made of sandstone (Gruta do Castelo) and limestone (Gruna da Pingueira), respectively, located in transition areas between Cerrado and Caatinga in northeastern Brazil. Specimens of both <em>G. patiensis</em> and <em>G. alba</em> have whitish bodies and small auricles. Eyes are small in <em>G. patiensis</em> and absent in <em>G. alba</em>. Both species can be easily differentiated from each other and from their congeners by a combination of characteristics of their copulatory apparatus. <em>Girardia patiensis</em> has a large and irregular, funnel-shaped bulbar cavity with indentations and diverticula and a slightly sloping bursal canal. <em>Girardia alba</em> has a bulbar cavity with asymmetrically bifurcated portions and an angled bursal canal. Phylogenetic inferences based on a combined molecular matrix (concatenating <em>COI</em> + <em>EF1α</em>) indicated that <em>G. patiensis</em> and <em>G. alba</em> form a well-supported clade, closely related to an undescribed, epigean species from Mexico, which constitutes the sister group to the epigean <em>G. schubarti</em> from Southern Brazil. The two new species are categorized as troglobites and are under threat, since Gruta do Castelo (type-locality of <em>G. patiensis</em>) is visited in an uncontrolled manner and the site where they occur is constantly trampled, while Gruna da Pingueira (type-locality of <em>G. alba</em>) has no legal protection (Conservation Unit), and its surroundings are deforested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 100-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of the Arctic Sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpioides (Fabricius, 1780) and its position among species of the genus Myoxocephalus (Cottidae)","authors":"Irina N. Moreva ,&nbsp;Olga A. Radchenko ,&nbsp;Anna V. Petrovskaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phylogenetic position of the Arctic Sculpin <em>Myoxocephalus scorpioides</em> from the East Arctic was determined using molecular genetics and karyological methods. This study presents the first data on the mitochondrial DNA genes of this species from the East Siberian Sea, whose haplotype contains 32 species-specific nucleotide substitutions. Moreover, it is the first to report the karyotype of the species, which is comprised of 42 chromosomes and 44 chromosome arms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Arctic Sculpin is positioned in one of the two <em>Myoxocephalus</em> groups, together with <em>Myoxocephalus quadricornis</em> and <em>Megalocottus platycephalus</em> as well as with <em>M. aenaeus</em> and <em>M. octodecemspinosus</em>. The position of <em>M. scorpioides</em> confirms the non-monophyletic relationships of the genus <em>Myoxocephalus</em>. The results of this study indicate that the genera <em>Myoxocephalus</em> and <em>Megalocottus</em> need to be revised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism of plateau brown frog in Haibei region of Qinghai in China","authors":"Xuze Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Ma ,&nbsp;Fei Peng ,&nbsp;Yi Yu ,&nbsp;Xinrong Lin ,&nbsp;Jinliang Wei ,&nbsp;Yingfang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rana kukunoris</em> (plateau brown frog) is an amphibian species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, 60 adult specimens (30 ♀, 30 ♂) were collected from the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Positioning Station of the Chinese Academy of Science and measured for 25 morphological traits, including adult body weight and body length. The morphological indexes of male and female individuals were compared and analysed. The results showed that 11 morphological traits in females, including body length and interorbital spacing, were significantly higher in value than those in males. The mean SVL of famales (50.10 ± 1.04) was larger than of males (48.43 ± 1.38), the sexual index was 0.033. The mean weight of females (10.93 ± 0.67) was 1.168 times that of males (9.36 ± 0.70). Among all traits, 23 morphological characteristics in females and 22 in males showed allometric effects. Covariance analysis of morphological features with snout–vent length as the covariate demonstrated significant correlations between body weight, internal distance, interorbital distance, forearm width, interior metatarsal, mouth-to-spat distance, third finger length, and first finger length, indicating that, when considering snout–vent length, significant differences were observed. Our results showed that females were larger than males in terms of sexual dimorphism. Such sexual dimorphism may be a result of the combined effects of fecundity selection theory and environmental factors. The measured values also provide a reference to explore sexual dimorphic traits between sexes and their adaptation to the cold environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49332,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger","volume":"314 ","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}