Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Back to the water: Tongue morphology associated to contrasting lifestyles in two Andean frogs of the genus Telmatobius","authors":"J. Sebastián Barrionuevo ,&nbsp;Franco Pucci Alcaide","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2024.126157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of the tongue in tetrapods is associated with feeding in the terrestrial environment. This study analyzes the tongue morphology of two closely related frog species, <em>Telmatobius oxycephalus</em> and <em>T. rubigo</em>, which exhibit contrasting feeding mechanisms. <em>Telmatobius oxycephalus</em>, a semi-aquatic species, relies on its tongue to capture terrestrial prey whereas <em>T. rubigo</em>, a secondarily aquatic species, uses suction feeding not involving the tongue. Through anatomical, histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses, we revealed remarkable differences in tongue morphology between these species. <em>Telmatobius oxycephalus</em> exhibits a well-developed tongue whose dorsal epithelium has numerous and slender filiform papillae. The epithelial cells of the papillae are protruded and have a complex array of microridges. In contrast, <em>T. rubigo</em> possesses a reduced tongue with flat and less numerous filiform papillae. The epithelial cells are completely flat and lack microridges. These findings highlight the remarkable adaptability of lingual morphology in <em>Telmatobius</em> to respond to the contrasting ecological niches and prey capture mechanisms. This study sheds light on the relationship between tongue shape and the different functional demands, contributing to our understanding of the evolution of prey capture mechanisms in amphibians.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 126157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macro- and micro morphology of the olfactory organ of African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier 1829), compared with other species of the family Osteoglossidae (Teleostei)","authors":"Jakub Dymek ,&nbsp;Anna M. Dymek ,&nbsp;Michał Kuciel ,&nbsp;Krystyna Żuwała","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoglossiformes (bonytongue fishes) possess many morphological specializations associated with functions such as airbreathing, feeding, and electroreception. The olfactory organ also varies among species, notably in the family Osteoglossidae. Herein, we describe the olfactory organ of an osteoglossid, <em>Heterotis niloticus,</em> to compare it with the olfactory organs of other osteoglossiforms. We demonstrate the presence of an olfactory rosette within the olfactory chamber. This structure consists of a short median raphe surrounded by olfactory lamellae, which possess dorsal lamellar processes. On the surface of the olfactory lamellae, there are secondary lamellae formed by the olfactory epithelium. Within the olfactory epithelium, two zones can be distinguished: parallel brands of sensory cells located in the cavities between the secondary lamellae and a nonsensory area covering the remaining part of the olfactory lamellae. The olfactory epithelium is formed by ciliated and microvillus olfactory sensory neurons, supporting cells, goblet cells, basal cells and ciliated nonsensory cells. Additionally, rodlet cells were observed. The results confirm large variability in terms of the olfactory organ of Osteoglossiformes, particularly of Osteoglossidae, and support the secondary lamellae evolution hypothesis within this family.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 126156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal bioenergetics: Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of growth and metabolism of Anguilla anguilla","authors":"Marko E. Popović","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bioenergetics and biothermodynamics are valuable tools in research on growth and metabolic processes of a wide range of organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae and plants, as is shown by the many publications on this topic in the literature. These studies provide insight into growth and metabolism of individual species, as well as interactions between species, like the virus-host interaction (infection) and virus-virus interaction (competition). However, this approach has not yet been applied to animal species. The universality of biothermodynamics and bioenergetics provides a good motive to apply them in analysis of animals. In this research, we made a bioenergetic, biothermodynamic and kinetic characterization for the first time for an animal species – <em>Anguilla anguilla L.</em> (European eel). We made a comparative analysis on yellow (young adult) and silver (mature adult) phases. Metabolic processes were modeled as chemical reactions with characteristic thermodynamic properties: enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. Moreover, Gibbs energy explained growth rates, through phenomenological equations. This analysis of animal metabolism and growth explained metabolic properties of yellow and silver <em>A. anguilla</em>, including the bioenergetic aspect of life history. Moreover, we compared thermodynamic properties of <em>A. anguilla</em> with those of its main macromolecular components and other organisms. The thermodynamic properties were explained by the structural properties of organisms. This research extends the bioenergetic and biothermodynamic approaches to zoology, which should allow analysis of the energetic aspect of animal metabolic processes, interactions with their environment and interactions with other organisms. Furthermore, it connects the macroscopic perspective of zoology with the microscopic perspectives of biochemistry, bioenergetics and biothermodynamics. This will provide a basis for development of mechanistic models of animal growth and metabolism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 126158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cycle of the sexual segment of the kidney: histological insights into the role of the urinary tract in the reproduction of male Notomabuya frenata (Squamata: Scincidae)","authors":"Serena N. Migliore ,&nbsp;Renan A. Ramalho ,&nbsp;Gabrieli S. Araújo ,&nbsp;Selma M. Almeida-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The kidneys of male </span>Squamata<span><span> have an important reproductive function as some portions of the nephron may undergo hypertrophy, characterizing the sexual segment of the kidney (SSK). Although its function is still not completely understood, it is believed that the secretions produced by the SSK may act in the maintenance of spermatozoa. In this study, we investigated the </span>reproductive biology of males of </span></span><em>Notomabuya frenata</em><span><span> based on the seasonal variation of the SSK. We performed macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the male reproductive tract of museum specimens to characterize the SSK cycle. The nephron portion in which hypertrophy was observed was the collecting duct<span> with secretory granules accumulation in the apical portion. SSK hypertrophy was observed in all seasons, with the tubule diameter in autumn differing from spring and the epithelium height showing no variation. Alcian Blue reacted positively to acid mucopolysaccharides in all seasons. Periodic acid–Schiff’s reacted positively to neutral mucopolysaccharides in all seasons, except autumn. Both stains reacted only in the collecting duct. In addition, spermatozoa were found in the lumen of the SSK of one specimen examined. Cycle of the SSK varied seasonally as does the chemical composition of the secretions produced by the collecting duct. The reflux of spermatozoa into SSK may indicate that (1) these secretions act in sperm maintenance, and (2) possibly there is communication between the seminal and </span></span>urinary ducts.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 126146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139499786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific and interspecific comparison of toxicity of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with contrasting colouration","authors":"Muhammad Aslam ,&nbsp;Oldřich Nedvěd","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Ladybirds<span> (Coccinellidae) use toxic compounds, mostly alkaloids in their haemolymph, for defence against predators and other enemies. The toxicity of ladybirds to predators cannot be directly assessed because predators show avoidance reactions without ingesting the beetles. The alkaloid of ladybird </span></span><span><em>Harmonia axyridis</em></span><span> showed wide range toxicity to diverse non-target organisms. Thus, we used a quick, inexpensive and easy-to-perform method using bioassays on water flea </span><span><em>Daphnia magna</em></span> for comparative quantification of the toxicity (LD₅₀) of whole body extracts from several species of ladybirds that differ in their warning colouration. Alien invasive aposematic polymorphic ladybird <em>H</em>. <em>axyridis</em> was more toxic than all the other species examined: aposematic <span><em>Adalia bipunctata</em></span> &gt; cryptic <em>Cynegetis impunctata</em> &gt; aposematic <span><em>Coccinella septempunctata</em></span> &gt; slightly aposematic <em>Calvia quatuordecimguttata</em>. Three month old adults of <em>H</em>. <em>axyridis</em><span> were 3.8 times more toxic than two week and one month old adults. The two most common colour morphs (non-melanic </span><em>novemdecimsignata</em> and melanic <em>spectabilis</em>) did not differ in their toxicity. High toxicity of <em>H</em>. <em>axyridis</em><span> as compared to all other species examined may contribute to the invasiveness of this species.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 126144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of caudal fin size on tail-flip jump performance","authors":"Makenzie R. Reed,&nbsp;Michael R. Minicozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fishes are generally considered to be fully aquatic, but some voluntarily strand themselves on land to escape poor water conditions, predators, or to exploit terrestrial niches. The tail-flip jump is a method of terrestrial locomotion performed by small fishes without apparent morphological specialization, but few studies have investigated the role the caudal fin has on the tail-flip jump. We hypothesized that fish with larger caudal fins would perform shorter individual tail-flip jumps and not be able to sustain jumping in extended terrestrial excursions. Zebrafish (<span><em>Danio rerio</em></span>) are an excellent model to investigate this because these fish perform the tail-flip jump and some strains have been selectively bred in the pet trade industry for larger fins. In this study, wildtype and longfin zebrafish were compared because of the larger caudal fins of the longfin zebrafish. Individuals of each strain performed three consecutive jump trials with 48 h between each trial: kinematic, voluntary, and exhaustion. The kinematic trial used a high-speed camera to measure kinematic variables of individual jumps. The voluntary trial recorded each fish’s voluntary response to stranding for three minutes. The exhaustion trial recorded the fish’s response to be constantly elicited to jump until exhaustion was reached. Despite differences in caudal fin area, there were no differences in the kinematic characteristics of individual jump performances, including jump distance. However, wildtype zebrafish performed more jumps, jumped more than they flopped, and moved a greater total distance in both voluntary and exhaustion trials despite moving for similar durations and reaching exhaustion at similar times. These findings imply that larger fins do not affect a fish’s ability to perform individual tail-flip jumps but does cause fish to employ different behavioral strategies when stranded for longer durations on land.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 126145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of ingested copper on the structural and cytotoxic properties of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spider silk","authors":"Grażyna Wilczek ,&nbsp;Kinga Surmiak–Stalmach ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Morenc ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Niemiec–Cyganek ,&nbsp;Magdalena Rost–Roszkowska ,&nbsp;Jagna Karcz ,&nbsp;Magdalena Skowronek","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Spiders<span>, assigned to macroconcentrators of heavy metals, are particularly threatened by the toxic effects of these chemicals. Until now, it has not been specified to what extent metals alter the processes </span></span>proceeding in </span>silk glands and if such changes could consequently influence the chemical and structural properties of the spun web threads. In the present study selected biological properties of </span><span><em>Steatoda</em><em> grossa</em></span><span> (Theridiidae) silk yarn after nutritional exposure to copper at sublethal doses (0.234 mM CuSO4) were assessed. It was determined both changes in ultrastructure<span> of ampullate glands and hunting web’s architecture as well the cytotoxic effect in model cells (fibroblasts: line ATCC® CCL–1 NCTC clone 929), that were in contact with the analyzed biomaterial. The exposure of spiders to copper caused the occurrence of apoptotic cells in the ampullate glands as well as a significant reduction in the diameter of single fibers in double and multiple connection complexes as compared with control. At both 24 and 72 h of incubation, intensification of apoptotic and necrotic processes was observed in the fibroblast cultures that were remaining in indirect contact with the webs produced by copper–contaminated individuals. In the case of fibroblasts in direct contact with silk from the copper group, a clear cytotoxic effect resulting in an increased frequency of necrosis was observed after 72 h of incubation. The results indicated that copper may change the biological properties of spider silk and compromise its biomaterial properties.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 126143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of the pygidial glands and chemical composition of their secretions in two species of tiger beetles (Carabidae: Cicindelinae)","authors":"Sofija Vranić ,&nbsp;Nikola Vesović ,&nbsp;Lana Antonijević ,&nbsp;Aleksandar Vlajić ,&nbsp;Marina Todosijević ,&nbsp;Danica Pavlović ,&nbsp;Dejan Pantelić ,&nbsp;Srećko Ćurčić ,&nbsp;Ljubodrag Vujisić","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Pygidial glands are a common feature of all adephagans and their products play an important role in defense against predators. The morphology of the pygidial glands and the chemistry of their secretion were studied for the first time in two species of tiger beetles – </span><span><em>Cicindela</em></span> (<em>Cicindela</em>) <em>sylvicola</em> Dejean, 1822 and <em>Cylindera</em> (<em>Cylindera</em>) <em>germanica</em> (Linnaeus, 1758). The glands were examined by both bright-field microscopy and nonlinear microscopy. All morphological structures of the glands were measured and described in detail. The structures mentioned were compared with those of related taxa. The secretion extracts from the pygidial glands of the investigated taxa contained a total of 24 compounds, which were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The secretion mixture of <em>C</em>. (<em>C</em>.) <em>germanica</em> was more complex (21 chemicals) than that of <em>C</em>. (<em>C</em>.) <em>sylvicola</em><span> (11 ones). Benzaldehyde was present in both secretion samples. Hydrocarbons were the most abundant group of secretory compounds. The purpose of the compounds, their distribution within the subfamily Cicindelinae and their effects on the ecology of the group were discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 126142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139104513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three different seasonally expressed opsins are present in the brain of the Eared Dove, an opportunist breeder","authors":"Natalia A. Marchese ,&nbsp;Maximiliano N. Ríos ,&nbsp;Mario E. Guido ,&nbsp;Diego J. Valdez","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Birds living at high latitudes perceive the photoperiod<span> through deep-brain photoreceptors (DBP) located in deep-brain neurons. During long photoperiods the information transmitted by these photoreceptors increases the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to </span></span>gonadal development<span><span>. The presence of photopigments<span> such as VA-Opsin, Opn4, Opn5 and Opn2 in brain<span> areas implicated in reproductive behaviors has been firmly established in several avian species with seasonal breeding, whereas their existence in opportunistic breeding birds remains unconfirmed. The Eared Dove is an urban and peri-urban dove that breeds throughout the year. Males of this species do not exhibit the typical gonadal regression/recrudescence cycle, thus posing the question of what occurs upstream of the HPG axis. We addressed this issue by first studying the presence of diverse opsins located in DBP in the brains of Eared Dove males and whether these photopigments changed their expression throughout the year. We carried out an </span></span></span>immunohistochemistry<span> analysis on three different opsins: Opn2 (rhodopsin), Opn3 and Opn5. Our results demonstrate the discrete neuroanatomical distribution of these opsins in the brain of Eared Dove males and strongly indicate different seasonal expressions. In the anterior region of the hypothalamus<span>, Opn2-positive cells were detected throughout the year. By contrast, Opn5 was found to be strongly and seasonally expressed during winter in the anterior and the hypothalamic region. Opn3 was also found to be significantly and seasonally expressed during winter in the hypothalamic region. We thus demonstrate for the first time that males of the Eared Dove, have three different deep-brain opsin-expressing photoreceptors with differential location/distribution in the anterior and hypothalamic region and differential seasonality. The persistence of Opn2 and the strong seasonal expression of nonvisual photopigments Opn3 and Opn5 in two areas of the avian brain, which are associated with reproduction, could be the primary distinction between seasonal and opportunistic breeders.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 126147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139501483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using teacher-student neural networks based on knowledge distillation to detect anomalous samples in the otolith images","authors":"Yuwen Chen ,&nbsp;Guoping Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2023.126133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2023.126133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Otoliths<span> are small calcium carbonate structures found in the inner ear of fish and they, as one of important information carriers, are applied in diverse ecological fields. Otoliths are usually photographed and used to explore many unsolved biological and ecological questions. However, many anomalies may occur in the large volume of otolith image data due to natural or artificial consequences, which brings a huge bias to the aimed study and even misleading results. In this study, we first propose a specific definition of otolith anomalies and provide a dataset of otolith anomalies with </span></span><span><em>Electrona</em><em> carlsbergi</em></span><span>, one of the most abundant species of lanternfishes<span>, as the study subject. We modify a multiresolution knowledge distillation neural network model, the state-of-the-art anomaly detection model to a multiresolution knowledge distillation network model with asymmetric inputs, which uses grayscale maps to align the features of color maps in the feature space, to help improve otolith anomalies detection. Our fine-tuned anomaly detection network obtains a better anomaly identification performance with a Receiving Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve value of 0.9843. Our result shown that multiresolution knowledge distillation networks can efficiently identify abnormal otolith image sample, which is of great importance for conducting otolith-based science.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 126133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134831971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}