Zoology最新文献

{"title":"External morphology and growth patterns of larvae and juveniles of Bryconops gracilis (Characiformes, Iguanodectidae) from Amazon basin","authors":"Lucas Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Ruineris Almada Cajado ,&nbsp;Fabíola Katrine Souza Silva ,&nbsp;Zaqueu Santos ,&nbsp;Elzamara Casto Oliveira ,&nbsp;Cárlison Silva-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Diego Maia Zacardi","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During early development, fishes undergo significant changes that influence external morphology and the functioning of internal organs and systems. This often results in gradual variation of the morphological traits of individuals across developmental stages. The investigation of larval and juvenile fish development and growth patterns has pertinent implications for the systematic and ecological elucidation of species. <em>Bryconops gracilis</em> is a medium-sized fish, omnivorous that inhabits lotic and lentic environments with acidic and transparent waters in the Amazon basin. In this study, the early development of <em>B. gracilis</em> is described, until recently a practically unknown species. In terms of development, we used morphological, meristic, and morphometric data to characterize the larvae and juveniles. The individuals were collected in the Curuá-Una River, Amazon basin, Brazil. Fifty-four specimens were examined. Samples include individuals with 3.39–21.79 mm SL. Yolk-sac larvae have two attachment organs on the dorsal surface of head and body. The larvae of <em>B. gracilis</em> are considered altricial, with a fusiform body, and the intestine reaches the median region of the body. Initially, the mouth is subterminal and becomes isognathic from the postflexion stage on. During the postflexion stage, the most relevant morphological changes occur (e.g., presence of all fins, mouth position similar to adults, increased body pigmentation), making individuals more specialized to explore new habitats and diets and maximize their chances of survival. Furthermore, vertebrae and myomeres are compared and assist with differentiating some <em>Bryconops</em> species at early life stages that occur in sympatry in the Amazon basin. Our results contribute to knowledge about the external morphology of neotropical freshwater fishes, enabling the identification of larvae and juveniles through traditional taxonomy and broadening the perspective on the ontogenetic study of the adipose fin in Characoidei.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter and intra-island genetic structure and differentiation of the endemic Bolle's Laurel Pigeon (Columba bollii) in the Canary archipelago","authors":"Patricia Marrero ,&nbsp;Rosa Fregel ,&nbsp;David S. Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Islands provide excellent settings for studying the evolutionary history of species, since their geographic isolation and relatively small size limit gene flow between populations, and promote divergence and speciation. The endemic Bolle's Laurel Pigeon <em>Columba bollii</em> is an arboreal frugivorous bird species distributed on laurel forests in four islands of the Canary archipelago. To elucidate the population genetics, we genotyped ten microsatellite loci using DNA obtained from non-invasive samples collected across practically all laurel forest remnants, and subsequently grouped into eight sampling sites. Analyses including F-statistics, Bayesian clustering approaches, isolation by distance tests and population graph topologies, were used to infer the genetic diversity and the population differentiation within and among insular populations. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of null alleles on data analysis. Low genetic diversity was found in all populations of Bolle’s Laurel Pigeon, with no significant differences in diversity among them. However, significant genetic differentiation was detected among all populations, with pigeons from La Palma and El Hierro exhibiting the closest affinity. Bayesian clustering supported population separation between islands, and also detected fine-scale structure within the Tenerife and La Gomera populations. Our results suggest that, despite columbids have a high movement ability, they can show signature of genetic divergence among populations, particularly on oceanic islands. Geological history of the islands and distribution range of habitats could have close influence on the evolutionary trajectories of these birds. This approach can provide practical tools to implement appropriate conservation measures for range-restricted species and their habitat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944200624000680/pdfft?md5=5473048e12260a2da11c90b50b13bde8&pid=1-s2.0-S0944200624000680-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism and functional allometry in scorpions: A comparative study from a neotropical species","authors":"Julieta Jazmín Giménez Carbonari ,&nbsp;Mariela A. Oviedo-Diego ,&nbsp;Alfredo V. Peretti,&nbsp;Camilo I. Mattoni","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sexual dimorphism (SD), the divergence of secondary sexual traits between males and females within a species, can arise from diverse evolutionary forces, such as natural selection, mate choice, and intrasexual competition. Allometric scaling patterns of dimorphic traits are related to their functional roles and the different selective pressures that affect each sex. Generally, traits that threaten rivals involved in intrasexual competition tend to exhibit the highest allometric slopes. Conversely, non-sexual traits often display isometric scaling, while genitalia and traits in direct contact between the sexes during courtship and copulation typically show hypoallometry. A good approach to study patterns of SD and allometry is to complement interspecific studies with analyzes of case studies, where the functional aspect is known in detail. Here, we review the occurrence of SD and evaluation of allometry in the Order Scorpiones, allowing us to compare general trends in a broader comparative framework within the group. In addition, we examined SD and allometric slopes of multiple traits (including somatic traits used in sexual and non-sexual interactions, as well as genitalia) in adult individuals of the scorpion <em>Timogenes elegans</em> (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae). We found that at an interspecific level there was a variation in SD between species and morphological traits, with most traits showing a male-biased SD, except for the chelicerae, which were found to be wider in females. Regarding SD studies, we found relatively few reports of functional allometry showing differences in allometric patterns between species. The results in <em>T. elegans</em> follow some of the general patterns found in other scorpions. We found hypoallometry in genital traits and hyperallometry in the pedipalps of both sexes, with steeper allometric slopes observed for pedipalp height in males. These results suggest that genital traits are under stabilizing selective pressure, while pedipalps in both sexes may be under natural and sexual selective pressure. Understanding allometric patterns and their relationship to function in scorpions provides significant insights into the evolutionary pressures driving the divergence of morphological traits used in both sexual and non-sexual contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 126208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple cranial pathologies in spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta","authors":"Nikolaos Kargopoulos ,&nbsp;Caitlin Rabe ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Gilissen ,&nbsp;Walter Coudyzer ,&nbsp;Anusuya Chinsamy","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spotted hyaenas are generally considered to have resilience against injuries and pathogens, and the incidence of pathologies is scarcely reported. However, it is important for ecological studies and conservation efforts to have a clear overview of the physical threats that can occur in the life of a species. The present paper describes and interprets several osteopathologies in the crania of the spotted hyaena, <em>Crocuta crocuta</em>, in the collections of the Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA) in Tervuren, Belgium. Of the fifty-two specimens from central Africa examined, twenty-three (i.e., 44 %) of them showed evidence of pathologies, including injuries, congenital pathologies, and disease. Selected specimens were scanned using Computed Tomography and their internal cranial structures were studied. Here we describe and discuss the different types of pathologies evident in the crania of these hyaenas: craniosynostosis, microtia, osteomyelitis and periodontitis, as well as a trauma indicated by cranial fractures, dental fractures, and bite puncture marks. Some pathologies reported herein are novel for hyaenas, and there are some instances of multiple pathologies in the same individual. Implications of these pathologies, including the social interactions of hyenas, conservational threats, as well as biased data sampling, are highlighted. This study improves our knowledge of disease and trauma experienced by hyaenids, and provides a better understanding of their biology, and the potential threats faced by these iconic animals. This case study offers a comparative base for similar studies in other carnivorans, to clarify the pathological background of apex predators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 126201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altitude is correlated with body size differences among Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) wasps collected in two mountain ranges","authors":"Lina V. Lozano-Morales ,&nbsp;Andrés A. Gutiérrez-García ,&nbsp;Leidy Salamanca ,&nbsp;Nancy Barreto-Triana ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Sarmiento","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Living at high altitudes impose physiological and ecological challenges to which species may respond altering their body size, body proportions, and the shape of their body parts. Despite the importance of this topic for understanding the origin of species diversity, little attention has been invested in this phenomenon at the populational level. This paper study the relationship between altitude and body size, body proportions, and forewing shape venation of two populations of the parasitoid wasp <em>Cotesia flavipes</em>. Wasps were collected from <em>Diatraea</em> spp. larvae from sugarcane crops in two Colombian mountain ranges that cover between 600 m and 2143 m of altitude. Linear measurements of different body regions and geometric morphometrics of the forewing were subject to multivariate comparisons and allometric analyses to assess variation and to compare trends between ranges. Central (600 m to 1704 m) and Eastern Cordillera (877 m to 2143 m) populations showed different trends between body size and altitude. Allometric trends were not uniform within or between populations nor between structures. The allometric slopes of five body measurements from a single altitude differed from these from its own mountain range suggesting that body size trends along the cordilleras are a consequence of altitude and not of intrinsic body resource allocation processes. Wing shape between populations differed; however, these changes were poorly related to altitude. In agreement with recent studies in other groups, the observed allometric and wing shape differences between the two <em>C. flavipes</em> populations could be a plasticity response to altitude with interesting implications for posterior genetic differentiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 126197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944200624000564/pdfft?md5=6a2936f9f98f0fd698463d89c57e746c&pid=1-s2.0-S0944200624000564-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental adaptation to pathogenic infection ameliorates negative effects of mating on host post-infection survival in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Aabeer Basu,&nbsp;Aparajita Singh,&nbsp;B.G. Ruchitha ,&nbsp;Nagaraj Guru Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sexual activity (mating) negatively affects immune function in various insect species across both sexes. In <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> females, mating increases susceptibility to pathogenic challenges and encourages within-host pathogen proliferation. This effect is pathogen and host genotype dependent. We tested if mating-induced increased susceptibility to infections is more, or less, severe in hosts experimentally adapted to pathogenic infection. We selected replicate <em>D. melanogaster</em> populations for increased post-infection survival following infection with a bacterial pathogen, <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>. We found that females from the selected populations were better at surviving a pathogenic infection compared to the females from the control populations. This was true in the case of both the pathogen used for selection and other novel pathogens (i.e., pathogens the hosts have not encountered in recent history). Additionally, the negative effect of mating on post-infection survival was limited to only the females from control populations. Therefore, we have demonstrated that experimental selection for increased post-infection survival ameliorates negative effects of mating on host susceptibility to infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 126198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactating striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) do not decrease the thermogenic capacity to cope with extreme cold temperature","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Sha-Sha Liao ,&nbsp;Meng-Huan Bao ,&nbsp;Da-Liang Huo ,&nbsp;Jing Cao ,&nbsp;Zhi-Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For small non-hibernating mammals, a high thermogenic capacity is important to increase activity levels in the cold. It has been previously reported that lactating females decrease their thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), whereas their capacity to cope with extreme cold remains uncertain. In this study we examined food intake, body temperature and locomotor behavior, resting metabolic rate, non-shivering thermogenesis, and cytochrome c oxidase activity, and the rate of state 4 respiration of liver, skeletal muscle, and BAT in striped hamsters (<em>Cricetulus barabensis</em>) at peak lactation and non- breeding hamsters (controls). The lactating hamsters and non- breeding controls were acutely exposed to −15°C, and several markers indicative of thermogenic capacity were examined. In comparison to non-breeding females, lactating hamsters significantly increased food intake and body temperature, but decreased locomotor behavior, and the BAT mass, indicative of decreased BAT thermogenesis at peak lactation. Unexpectedly, lactating hamsters showed similar body temperature, resting metabolic rate, non-shivering thermogenesis with non-breeding females after acute exposure to −15°C. Furthermore, cytochrome c oxidase activity of liver, skeletal muscle and BAT, and serum thyroid hormone concentration, and BAT uncoupling protein 1 expression, in lactating hamsters were similar with that in non-breeding hamsters after acute extreme cold exposure. This suggests that lactating females have the same thermogenic capacity to survive cold temperatures compared to non-breeding animals. This is particularly important for females in the field to cope with cold environments during the period of reproduction. Our findings indicate that the females during lactation, one of the highest energy requirement periods, do not impair their thermogenic capacity in response to acute cold exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 126195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new type of spermiogenesis in teleost fish: Formation of the aflagellate sperm in Campylomormyrus compressirostris (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae)","authors":"Anna M. Dymek ,&nbsp;Frank Kirschbaum ,&nbsp;Ralph Tiedemann ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Siemiński ,&nbsp;Anna Pecio","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoglossomorpha, the bony tongue fishes, show great variation in morphology, behavioural strategies, reproductive biology and gamete ultrastructure. The order Osteoglossiformes is the only vertebrate taxon, in which four types of sperm (monoflagellate, biflagellate and aflagellate aquasperm and the complex introsperm) have been described. It is also the only vertebrate lineage in which aflagellate spermatozoa exist. The aim of this study was to analyse the structure of the testis and the process of spermiogenesis in the mormyrid <em>Campylomormyrus compressirostris</em> during the breeding season using light and electron microscopy (transmission and scanning). Males of this species have a single testis of the anastomosing tubular type. The tubules of the anterior part of the testis contain cysts with developing germ cells, and this region is much wider than the posterior part, which consists of efferent ducts filled with sperm cells. The cysts are filled with single or mitotic spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes and early spermatids. At the stage of spermatids with fine granular chromatin, the cysts rupture and successive stages of spermatid differentiation take place in the testicular lumen; we therefore characterise this process as ‘extracystic spermiogenesis’. Sperm development in <em>C. compressirostris</em> is extremely simple and involves chromatin condensation in the central region of the nucleus, a slight decrease in nuclear volume, the appearance of numerous vesicles in the cytoplasm that form a tubular-vesicular system at the base of the nucleus. Both centrioles and mitochondria are translocated to the peripheral region of the midpiece, which forms the opposite pole to the nucleus. There are many differences between the types of spermiogenesis described so far in teleosts and that found in <em>C. compressirostris,</em> including the loss of flagellum formation. This unique type of spermiogenesis is restricted to species of the families Mormyridae and Gymnarchidae, all of which possess aflagellate spermatozoa. Our data demonstrate that the spermatid differentiation and existence of the aflagellate spermatozoon are a unique phenomena not only among teleosts but also in the whole vertebrate lineage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 126186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publishers Note","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 126187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944200624000461/pdfft?md5=5cd0c1cc3da0a197f52987d0af185691&pid=1-s2.0-S0944200624000461-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing out of the fins: Implications of isometric and allometric scaling of morphology relative to increasing mass in blue sharks (Prionace glauca)","authors":"Scott G. Seamone ,&nbsp;Phillip C. Sternes ,&nbsp;Theresa M. McCaffrey ,&nbsp;Natalie K. Tsao ,&nbsp;Douglas A. Syme","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Disproportional changes (i.e. allometry) in shark morphology relative to increasing body size have been attributed to shifts in function associated with niche shifts in life history, such as in habitat and diet. Photographs of blue sharks (<em>Prionace glauca,</em> 26–145 kg) were used to analyze changes in parameters of body and fin morphology with increasing mass that are fundamental to swimming and feeding. We hypothesized that blue sharks would demonstrate proportional changes (i.e. isometry) in morphology with increasing mass because they do not undergo profound changes in prey and habitat type; accordingly, due to geometric scaling laws, we predicted that blue sharks would grow into bodies with greater turning inertias and smaller frontal and surface areas, in addition to smaller spans and areas of the fins relative to mass, which are parameters that are associated with the swimming performance in sharks. Many aspects of morphology increased with isometry. However, blue sharks demonstrated negative allometry in body density, whereas surface area, volume and roll inertia of the body, area, span and aspect ratio of both dorsal fins, span and aspect ratio of the ventral caudal fin, and span, length and area of the mouth increased with positive allometry. The dataset was divided in half based on mass to form two groups: smaller and larger sharks. Besides area of both dorsal fins, relative to mass, larger sharks had bodies with significantly greater turning inertia and smaller frontal and surface areas, in addition to fins with smaller spans and areas, compared to smaller sharks. In conclusion, isometric scaling does not necessarily imply functional similarity, and allometric scaling may sometimes be critical in maintaining, rather than shifting, function relative to mass in animals that swim through the water column.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 126184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}