Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Disruption of BMP and FGF signaling prior to blastema formation causes permanent bending and skeletal malformations in Poecilia latipinna tail fin","authors":"Isha Ranadive,&nbsp;Sonam Patel,&nbsp;Siddharth Pai,&nbsp;Kashmira Khaire,&nbsp;Suresh Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Teleost fish, such as <em>Poecilia latipinna</em>, exhibit remarkable regenerative capabilities, making them excellent models for studying tissue regrowth. They regenerate body parts like the tail fin through epimorphic regeneration, involving wound healing, blastema formation (a pool of proliferative cells), and tissue differentiation. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling pathways play crucial roles in this process, but their specific functions during blastema formation remain unclear. To explore this, BMP and FGF signaling were inhibited using targeted drug treatments prior to blastema formation in amputated tail fins. The treatment group of <em>P. latipinna</em> received drugs at set intervals, and analyses were conducted using skeletal staining, gene expression via quantitative real-time PCR, and protein analysis with Western blotting to assess blastema formation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and skeletal patterning. Dual inhibition of BMP and FGF pathways led to significant regenerative defects, including bent blastema and disrupted bone structure, along with downregulation of essential patterning genes like <em>sonic hedgehog</em> (Shh) and <em>bmp2b</em>. Additionally, ECM remodeling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were impaired, as shown by reduced matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), hindering cell migration and blastema stability. Cell proliferation was markedly decreased, as evidenced by reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, while apoptosis increased, with elevated markers like <em>caspase 3</em> (casp3) and higher DNA fragmentation. These findings indicate that BMP and FGF signaling are essential for blastema formation and skeletal patterning, with their inhibition causing major regenerative abnormalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 126237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cranial variation across spiny pocket mice (Heteromys, Liomys) in new phylogenetic and taxonomic perspectives","authors":"Bader H. Alhajeri ,&nbsp;Scott J. Steppan","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spiny pocket mice are usually divided into two genera, <em>Heteromys</em> and <em>Liomys</em>, and more recently the latter have been subsumed into the former, leaving subfamily Heteromyinae with one genus. However, this arrangement conveys false equivalency among heteromyines, and does not represent the great morphological, molecular, and ecological diversity in this subfamily. To address this, geometric morphometric methods were used to explore interspecific cranial variation in this subfamily, which were then evaluated in the context of recent phylogenetic and taxonomic findings. The dataset consisted of 65 landmarks on the crania of 328 adult voucher specimens (15 species, 114 localities). Allometry and habitat adaptation are potential explanations for some of the variation patterns. Morphometric clustering among some distant relatives suggests convergent adaptation to similar habitats. These results support recent taxonomic proposals for the subfamily based on molecular phylogenies, in which the three to four main lineages are assigned generic status. We summarize the evidence and describe their scaled cranial shape variation. These lineages consist of <em>Heteromys</em> as traditionally defined (i.e., not including <em>Liomys</em>) while the traditionally defined <em>Liomys</em> would be divided into the genera <em>Schaeferia</em> (<em>S. adspersus</em> + <em>S. salvini</em>), <em>Liomys sensu stricto</em> (<em>L. irroratus</em>), and potentially a fourth (new) undescribed/undiagnosed genus for <em>L. pictus</em> + <em>L. spectabilis</em>. The implications of the present study are that scaled cranial shape variation patterns align better with this modified taxonomy than earlier ones. Our results confirm the usefulness of geometric morphometrics in providing taxonomic insights in taxa that appear cryptic using traditional distance-based measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 126238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dimorphism as an expression of sexual dimorphism: Influence of gonad maturity on the body shape of a rocky intertidal polyplacophoran","authors":"Brenda Paola Ramirez-Santana ,&nbsp;Isis Laura Alvarez-Garcia ,&nbsp;Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda ,&nbsp;Marcial Arellano-Martinez ,&nbsp;Sandra Milena Ospina-Garcés","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal dimorphism in the body shape of marine invertebrates has been poorly explored compared to vertebrates. We aim to investigate through traditional (body length/width ratio, dorsal elevation ratio and angle of elevation) and geometric (centroid size and shape geometric configurations) morphometrics the effect of gonad maturity (via the gonadosomatic index [GSI] and gonad development stages [GDS]) on changes in body shape in males and females of two latitudinally different populations of the broadcast-spawning intertidal mollusc <em>Chiton articulatus</em>. We confirmed that <em>C. articulatus</em> does not present external sexual dimorphism since sex does not have a significant effect on body shape (1 %); instead, dimorphism was seasonal and related to the reproductive season, and varied across populations, probably because in the subtropical zone additional energy is invested in shell (scleritome) bending at the same time as the gonad matures, which is opposite of what occurs in the tropical zone. <em>C. articulatus</em> shows a narrower body shape (i.e., diminished body width) during its gonad maturity compared to the rest of the GDS and is corroborated by a body length/width ratio that contributes the greatest variation in the geometric shape descriptors (18 %), just below the centroid size (24 %). The expression of centroid size differences shows a correspondence with the change in body dimensions expressed by the three morphometric ratios during gonad maturity. The use of traditional body ratios over time may be useful in polyplacophoran molluscs as a proxy tool to estimate gonad maturity and to provide a reliable indication of the reproductive season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotic factors as key determinants for ovarian and oothecal developmental plasticity of a tortoise beetle","authors":"Ruchita Shivprakash Tiwari ,&nbsp;Lankesh Yashwant Bhaisare ,&nbsp;Shivani Pathak ,&nbsp;Bhupendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Desh Deepak Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovarian development in r-selected species is a highly dynamic process widely studied in various insect groups. An array of biotic and abiotic factors may influence it. So, the present investigation was to evaluate the impact of a female's age and mating status on the ovarian development, ootheca formation, body colour polymorphism, and fat content of the tortoise beetle, <em>Aspidomorpha miliaris</em> (Fabricius). Females of a certain age and mating status were dissected to demonstrate changes in their ovarioles, lateral oviduct, accessory gland, elytral colour, fat body content, and body size. It was predicted that age or mating status would not affect the ovarian parameters like length and width of ovarioles, lateral oviducts, accessory glands, body size, fat body content, and elytral colour. However, the ootheca-forming modifications would be initiated by ageing and mating. The current study demonstrated the substantial effect of age and mating status on the growth of the accessory glands and ovarioles. On the other hand, fat body contents declined comparatively in multiply-mated females. Besides this, the beetle exhibits elytral colour polymorphism till sexual maturity. An accessory gland was exclusively detected in multiply-mated females. This discovery opens opportunities for further investigation into the precise function of the gland, which is likely involved in the formation of ootheca.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can all snakes swim? A review of the evidence and testing species across phylogeny and morphological diversity","authors":"Guillaume Fosseries ,&nbsp;Anthony Herrel ,&nbsp;Ramiro Godoy-Diana ,&nbsp;Philippe Gaucher ,&nbsp;Margo Traimond ,&nbsp;Antoine Joris ,&nbsp;Karim Daoues ,&nbsp;Antoine Gouygou ,&nbsp;Olivier Chateau ,&nbsp;Hugues Gossuin ,&nbsp;Pierre Banzept ,&nbsp;Chany Banzept ,&nbsp;Dimitri Lefebvre ,&nbsp;Xavier Bonnet","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternative hypotheses suggest that the reptiles at the origin of snakes were primarily either burrowing, terrestrial or marine. It is possible that the ability to swim varies between the major snake lineages and lifestyles; for example, the highly fossorial blind snakes (Scolecophidia), a lineage that emerged early in snake evolution over 100 My ago, may not be able to swim. However, it is sometimes stated that all snakes can swim suggesting that swimming ability may not be discriminatory. To find out whether this is true, we used a systematic search (PRISMA), including personal communications and information on websites. Of the 3951 species considered, no information was found for 89 % of all snakes. Of the 454 species for which information was found, 382 species were aquatic, only 62 were terrestrial, 6 were arboreal, and only 4 were burrowing. Moreover, almost all belonged to the speciose Colubroides (e.g. 58 % <em>Colubridae</em>, 20 % <em>Elapidae</em>). No reliable information was available for important early diverging lineages (e.g. Scolocophidia, <em>Aniliidae</em>). Faced with this lack of information, we filled in important phylogenetic gaps by testing the swimming capacity of 103 diverse snake species and 13 species of diverse limbed and limbless ectothermic tetrapod vertebrates (Amphisbaenia, Lacertilia, Gymnophiona). All tests were positive. The results show that, 1) all snakes for which information is available (525 species) appear to be able to swim, 2) this is a trait shared by many land vertebrates that undulate laterally. As swimming ability is non-discriminatory, we need to collect detailed measurements on the performance, kinematics and energetic efficiency of swimming snakes. It is also necessary to finely describe the ecology and morphology of the species studied to better understand form∼function relationships and the occupation of ecological niches in snakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanistic origin of amber pigmentation of Perithemis tenera (Say, 1840) wings (Odonata: Libellulidae) and its function in conspecific signalling","authors":"RR Cezário ,&nbsp;JGL de Almeida ,&nbsp;PEC Peixoto ,&nbsp;BD Wilts ,&nbsp;RN Guillermo-Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal coloration serves various signaling and non-signaling functions. In damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata), such colors may not only play photoprotective and/or thermoregulatory roles but also serve as visual signals during courtship and/or agonistic interactions. Here, we analyzed the coloration of <em>Perithemis tenera</em> wings, a potential secondary sexual ornament, applying spectrophotometry and visual modeling to gain a deeper understanding of their color mechanisms and functions. The amber coloration of the <em>P. tenera</em> wings results from the interaction of light with both the melanized chitin matrix and possibly ommochrome pigments. Additionally, by fitting the absorbance curve of <em>P. tenera</em> wings to the extinction coefficient of different melanins, we deduced that pheomelanin is likely the pigment embedded in the wing’s chitinous matrix. The amber coloration of <em>P. tenera</em> wings stands out against their natural habitat, making it detectable by conspecifics. Finding multiple pigments in the <em>P. tenera</em> wings not only enhances our understanding of the functional roles of pigmentation in Odonata but also offer broader insights into how structural and pigment-based colorations evolve as multifunctional traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hind limb of Octodontidae (Rodentia, Mammalia): Functional implications for substrate preferences","authors":"M. Julieta Pérez ,&nbsp;Guillermo H. Cassini ,&nbsp;M.Mónica Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Octodontids are South American caviomorph rodents endemic to mesic and arid biomes displaying a wide range of substrate preferences, from terrestrial to subterranean habits. However, the hind limb morphology of these rodents remain relatively poorly understudied, particularly from an ecomorphological perspective. To investigate the association between hind limb morphology and substrate preference—epigean, semifossorial, fossorial, and subterranean— this study analyzed six skeletal measurements of femur and tibia, along with five morphological indices. We employed phylogenetic mapping, allometry, and multivariate analyses (Phylogentic Flexible Discriminant and Principal Component analyses) on log-transformed variables and indices. The results suggest that the epigeans and subterraneans possess hind limb skeletal features that enhance their mechanical capabilities, which are advantageous for their respective lifestyles. However, in the absence of clear behavioral adaptations or associations, the functional habits of Octodontidae do not requires significant structural modifications of the proximal bones of the hind limbs. These results indicate that understanding the form-function relationship in octodontids requires direct field or laboratory observations of behavior and environmental interactions, highlighting the limitations of current research without such data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual body division and epithelium structure in unusual phoronid Phoronis embryolabi","authors":"Elena Temereva","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phoronida is a small phylum of benthic marine invertebrates that can occur in large numbers globally. The study of phoronid morphology and anatomy is important for understanding phoronid biology and the function of benthic communities dominated by phoronids. Because all phoronids are tube-living animals, the study of the morphology and ultrastructure of the body wall is an important step toward understanding the processes of the tube formation, growth, and renovation. This study used epoxy histology, scanning and transmission electron microscopy to describe the body regionalization and ultrastructure of the body wall epithelium of the unusual <em>Phoronis embryolabi</em>, which lives as a commensal in burrows of digging shrimps. The trunk of <em>P. embryolabi</em> consists of 8 zones, which are clearly distinguishable in living individuals. These zones are as follows: long head region, median sphincter with its three different parts (waist, upper and lower), muscular region, reproductive region, zone 7, and ampulla. Such body division can correlate with specificity of life style of <em>P. embryolabi</em>. The ultrastructure of the epithelium of all zones differ from each other in thickness, set and abundance of gland cells, structure of the extracellular matrix that underlies the epithelium, and abundance of neurites. The capacity and distribution of glandular cells correlate with tube formation and remodelling. Bacteria of two different types are described along body wall of all parts of the trunk; reciprocally advantageous phoronid-bacteria interaction is suggested. Our data suggest that <em>P. embryolabi</em> is able to build the tube at the anterior end rather than at the posterior end, as previously suggested for other phoronid species. At the same time, the certain mechanism of phoronid tube growth and remodelling is still unknown for phoronids as well as for many other tube-living invertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematics of elongate harvestmen chelicerae: Comparative range of motion analyses in extant Ischyropsalis (Dyspnoi, Opiliones)","authors":"Michel Schmidt ,&nbsp;Klaus Achterhold ,&nbsp;Franz Pfeiffer ,&nbsp;Roland R. Melzer","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chelicerae, the mouthparts of chelicerates, are essential for food processing. Particularly within harvestmen (Opiliones), some species have greatly elongated their tripartite chelicerae and utilize them for mating behavior, defense, and primarily for predation. We investigated two European species, <em>Ischyropsalis muellneri</em> and <em>Ischyropsalis hellwigii</em>, which occupy different niches (caves, forests), exhibit different feeding ecologies (opportunist, specialist), and first and foremost possess different chelicerae morphologies (long and thin, short and robust). We scanned the specimens using state-of-the-art micro-CT, generated surface reconstructions, and equipped one chelicera of each specimen with artificial joints to explore their Range of Motion in a 3D kinematic approach. For a size-corrected comparison of the two species, we analyzed the Range of Motion in addition to three different settings (original body size, body scaled to 5 mm, chelicerae scaled to 5 mm). <em>Ischyropsalis muellneri</em> reached a higher maximum excursion angle (= single Range of Motion) in all three joints, also exhibiting a greater total Range of Motion in the original body length setting, as well as the scaled body length setting. Only in the third setting, the total Range of Motion of <em>Ischyropsalis hellwigii</em> was slightly higher, although <em>Ischyropsalis muellneri</em> still extended further ventrally. Our results suggest that the sturdier, more massive chelicerae of <em>Ischyropsalis hellwigii</em>, attributable to strong specialization on snails as prey, are associated with reduced Range of Motion. The less food-specialized species <em>Ischyropsalis muellneri</em> apparently requires higher flexibility of its chelicerae for prey capture, likely due to its restriction to cave ecosystems, where food availability is relatively scarce. We could show that virtual Range of Motion analyses in harvestmen chelicerae can play a pivotal role in understanding the theoretical feeding ecology and functional morphology of this group. This approach can be verified by in-vivo observations and measurements or extended to other arachnid taxa and other body parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental histology of the liver in the Balkan crested newt Triturus ivanbureschi (Caudata: Salamandridae)","authors":"Maja Ajduković ,&nbsp;Ana Ivanović","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2024.126220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liver, a crucial organ for metabolic processes, has a generally uniform histological structure across amphibian taxa. However, ontogenetic changes, particularly those related to biphasic life cycle and metamorphosis, are less documented. Here, we explored and described the liver histology of an emerging model organism, the Balkan crested newt (<em>Triturus ivanbureschi</em>) at three ontogenetic stages: larval, juvenile (just after metamorphosis) and adult. At the larval stage, the liver is characterized by hepatocytes containing large lipid droplets, poorly developed basement membranes in the blood vessels, and a lack of melanin-rich macrophage centers. Juveniles show transitional characteristics between larvae and adults. Lipid droplets in hepatocytes are abundant, but also, at the juvenile stage the well-developed basement membrane of blood vessels and melanomacrophages are present, as in adults. The presence of lipid droplets in hepatocytes during larval and juvenile stages suggests the liver's role in fat storage and energy provision during development and growth. Melanomacrophages, which synthesize melanin, perform phagocytosis, and neutralize free radicals, have been found in juveniles (after metamorphosis) and increase with age. The biphasic life cycle and liver histology transition in <em>Triturus</em> newts provide an insight in changes in liver histology and make them a suitable model for studying fat deposition regulation and the evolution of the immune system in terrestrial vertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 126220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}