Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Biological and environmental drivers of Liolaemus species distribution: A case story East of the Andes","authors":"Marcelo F. Bonino,&nbsp;Félix B. Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding what determines species distribution is a central goal in biogeography and macroecology, particularly in the context of ongoing environmental change. In this study we explored how intrinsic (biological) and extrinsic (environmental) factors influence the distribution of <em>Liolaemus</em> lizards occurring east of the Andes, and evaluated the extent to which their distribution patterns support Rapoport's rule. We analyzed 38 species, spanning Argentina from 52°S to 23°S, covering about 50 % of the genus distribution from sea level to 4300 masl. We used two main approaches, polygons and ecological niche models (ENMs), to evaluate the role of intrinsic factors such as critical thermal minimum (CTmin), thermal tolerance range, body size, and diet; and extrinsic factors including temperature, precipitation, elevation, and vegetation index. Our results show that CTmin is a strong predictor of range size under the ENMs approach, suggesting that greater cold tolerance is associated with broader distributions. Under the polygon approach, broader ranges correlated with colder, drier climates with pronounced seasonality. Although diet showed a weak tendency for narrower ranges in herbivorous species, it was a poor predictor overall. Thermal tolerance range, expected to increase with latitude under the climatic variability hypothesis, did not show a significant association with range size, and thus Rapoport’s rule was not supported. Furthermore, taxonomic uncertainties may obscure biogeographic patterns, particularly in widely distributed species that might represent species complexes not yet formally described. These findings highlight the combined role of biological and environmental factors, challenge the general applicability of Rapoport’s rule in <em>Liolaemus</em>, and underscore cold tolerance as a key distribution driver.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 126303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145433555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of cage feeding density on immune function in female striped hamsters","authors":"De-Li Xu,&nbsp;Xiao-Kai Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting animals from the attack of pathogens and hence determines their survival. However, animals’ immunity is influenced by many environmental factors. Cage feeding density is one of the most important factors influencing immune function in animals. To test whether high cage feeding density would suppress animals’ immunity, female striped hamsters (<em>Cricetulus barabensis</em>) were divided into the One/Cage, Two/Cage, and Three/Cage groups. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) responses were higher in the One/Cage group than the other two groups, implying that cellular immunity was suppressed by high cage feeding density. The numbers of white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYMF), the coagulation ability indicated by blood platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were the highest in the Three/Cage group among the three groups, implying the occurrence of the fight and injury in the high cage feeding density. Other immunological parameters including the masses of thymus and spleen, intermediate granulocytes (MID), neutrophil granulocytes (GRAN) were all not impacted by cage feeding density. Total body fat mass, the levels of blood glucose, leptin and corticosterone did not differ among the three groups, and these parameters were not correlated with PHA responses, WBC, LYMF, MID and GRAN except that LYMF was positively correlated with blood glucose levels, indicating that the changes in immunity might not be caused by the energy status and stress hormone in hamsters. Suppression of cellular immunity and the increase of WBCs, LYMF under high feeding density might help us to understand the adverse effect of high population density on animals’ survival in the wild. Our findings may also provide some useful information on animal welfare, laboratory animals preparation and wildlife management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 126304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative functional tongue morphology in male omnivorous bogue (Boops boops) and carnivorous red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) in relation to feeding habits: A study using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and morphometric analysis","authors":"Mohamed A.M. Alsafy ,&nbsp;Samir A.A. El-Gendy ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Rashwan ,&nbsp;Samar M. Ez Elarab ,&nbsp;Manal Seif ,&nbsp;Neveen E.R. El-Bakary ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. El-Mansi ,&nbsp;Mamdouh B. Eldesoqui ,&nbsp;Amal F. Dawood ,&nbsp;Catrin S. Rutland ,&nbsp;Valentina Kubale","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how feeding strategies influence oral morphology is fundamental to fish functional anatomy and trophic ecology. However, comparative data on tongue structure across dietary groups remain scarce in teleosts. This study examined tongue morphology in <em>Boops boops</em> (bogue), an omnivorous teleost with opportunistic feeding habits, and <em>Pagrus pagrus</em> (red porgy), a carnivorous benthic feeder with specialized prey preferences. By selecting species with distinct trophic niches, we aimed to elucidate how tongue architecture reflects dietary adaptations within teleosts. Morphometric analysis supported by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bogue exhibited a higher tongue length-to-body weight ratio (34.1 %) than the red porgy (14.3 %). In contrast, the red porgy showed a greater tongue length-to-body length ratio (7.1 % vs. 5.4 %) and consistently broader tongue dimensions. The bogue tongue was sword-shaped with a pointed apex, while the red porgy’s tongue featured a rounded apex. Papillary patterns differed markedly: the bogue displayed gustatory structures including fungiform papillae at the apex, mixed filiform and fungiform papillae in the body, and volcano-like filiform papillae at the root. In contrast, the red porgy exhibited predominantly mechanical structures, such as filiform papillae at the apex, dome-like filiform papillae in the body, and dome-to scale-like papillae at the root. Histologically, both species shared a common organization of mucosa, submucosa (with connective and adipose tissues), ento-glossal hyaline cartilage, and striated muscle fibers. However, the bogue’s tongue showed stratified squamous epithelium with gustatory papillae, apical taste buds, and nerve endings. At the same time, the red porgy had abundant mucous cells and mechanical papillae concentrated at the root. Additionally, vascular channels with nucleated erythrocytes were observed in both species. These findings highlight distinct structural specializations of the tongue associated with omnivorous versus carnivorous feeding modes, offering new insights into the functional morphology and evolutionary adaptation of oral structures in teleost fishes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 126306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal comparison of the pectoral fin in mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)","authors":"Lam V. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Phuong T. Dang ,&nbsp;Van V. Mai ,&nbsp;Loi X. Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shifting of the locomotor mode from an aquatic thrust to a ground reaction force enabled vertebrates moving on land, which happened at the same time as fin-to-limb evolution. Early stages of this evolution are little known due to scattered fossil records. Oxudercine gobies, exhibiting the full spectrum of terrestriality and terrestrial locomotor behavior, provide a unique window to understand how the form and function of the pectoral fins were modified during the water-to-land transition. In the present study, the musculoskeletal system of pectoral fins of three mudskippers [<em>Oxuderces nexipinnis</em> (low terrestrial), <em>Scartelaos histophorus</em> (moderate terrestrial), and <em>Periophthalmodon septemradiatus</em> (high terrestrial)] and the out-group species (<em>Oxyeleotris urophthalmus</em>) were examined. There are some anatomical modifications endowing crutching on land including: the robust and triangular cleithrum; the stiff and elongated radials and fin rays; the development of the coracoid process, the radial process, and the coraco-radialis; the two hinge-like structures; the differentiated muscular system inclining in various angles; and well-developed adductor muscles. These configurations are correlated with the degree of terrestriality. Of these anatomical modifications, the presence of the coracoid process, the radial process, and the coraco-radialis could endow terrestrial movement in early oxudercine gobies. In addition, fin rays of early oxudercine gobies could prevent them from sinking into the unconsolidated substrates which could be analogous to the condition in sarcopterygian fishes. In general, this study shows the gradual evolution of the muscular and skeletal systems of the pectoral fins in the oxudercine gobies during water-to-land transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 126295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flip or flop? Behavioral response to stranding in fish representing six teleost orders","authors":"Michael R. Minicozzi ,&nbsp;Shannon Hansen ,&nbsp;Michael Akland ,&nbsp;Ana Braga ,&nbsp;Owen Kyle ,&nbsp;C. Loren Buck ,&nbsp;Miriam Ashley-Ross ,&nbsp;Alice C. Gibb","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic and amphibious fishes produce a variety of behaviors when stranded on land, including a ballistic movement called a tail-flip jump. Although recent studies have examined jump performance (distance) in several cyprinodontiform species, less is known about the diversity of behaviors produced by teleosts when stranded on land. Here, seven species from four major teleost lineages (individual n = 4–12) were manually stranded in a terrestrial arena for two-minute trials. From videos of the trials, the number of jumps, flops (movements &lt;1 body length), displacement (total and mean), latency (time to onset of movement), and percent time moving were quantified for each individual. A principal components analysis of these variables was used to define four “behavioral spaces:” species that produced effective displacement and spent the majority of the trial period moving (<em>Danio</em>); species that produced less effective displacement and spent the majority of the trial period moving (<em>Pseudomugil</em>); species that produced less effective displacement and spent little time moving (<em>Umbra</em>); and species that produced effective displacement, but spent little time moving (<em>Kryptolebias</em>). Based on the literature and metabolic data collected for this study, it appears that the ability to extract oxygen from air (vs. water) predicts the amount of time spent moving when stranded on land. Air-breathing fishes appear to adopt a “wait and see strategy,” while species that lack the ability to breathe air move immediately and frequently, likely an attempt to return to the water as quickly as possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 126294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bite force variation in the European pond turtle: Role of morphology, strength, body condition and population of origin","authors":"Marko Maričić,&nbsp;Vukašin Bjelica,&nbsp;Ana Golubović","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bite force is a biomechanical trait that serves as a valuable proxy for assessing ecological interactions, feeding specialisations, and evolutionary pressures. Chelonians are a unique model system in studies of masticatory performances due to their akinetic skull and lack of teeth. It is known that body size, head morphology and sex-related differences influence bite performance of some chelonian species. In this study, we investigated the variation in bite force within and among five populations of the European pond turtle (<em>Emys orbicularis</em>) in Serbia. We examined relationship of bite force with phenotypic traits such as body size, head dimensions, body condition and muscle strength, as well as body temperature and seasonality. Bite force was measured in the field (N = 209) with an adapted digital force sensor. Our results showed significant differences in bite force across populations, suggesting that local ecological conditions may play a crucial role in shaping bite performance. In particular, turtles from more diverse and structurally complex environments, and turtles sharing their habitat with non-native pond sliders (<em>Trachemys scripta</em> ssp.) exhibited higher bite forces. We also detected a positive association between bite force and maximal pulling force, volumetric body condition index, body size and head height. Surprisingly, sex, cloacal temperature and seasonality were not significant predictors of bite force. Despite the challenges of measuring maximal performance under field conditions, our findings illustrate how variation in functional traits can reflect both intrinsic factors and ecological context, with implications for the study of biomechanical adaptations across animal taxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 126296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive investment in the knifefish Brachyhypopomus occidentalis","authors":"Marangaby Mahamat ,&nbsp;Luis F. De León ,&nbsp;Mery L. Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An organism's ability to produce viable offspring, or reproductive fitness, often depends on several environmental and ecological factors such as temperature, food availability and predation. Changes in these factors can act as stressors, forcing organisms to optimize energy allocation, resulting in trade-offs. In this study, we investigate the reproductive biology of the South American electric fish <em>Brachyhypopomus occidentalis</em>, examining whether perceived predation risk can influence reproductive output. We sampled four populations during the reproductive season at two pairs of sites with differing levels of predation risk across independent river drainages. We assessed several traits including sexual dimorphism and reproductive traits such as gonad mass, fecundity, and gamete morphology parameters. Our findings reveal physical sexual dimorphism, with males being larger and heavier than females. Individuals from low predation risk sites were significantly larger, had heavier gonads, and exhibited higher gonadosomatic indices. Females from low predation risk sites invested more in gonad development, showing increased relative and absolute fecundities and higher oocyte counts at each maturity stage. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that predation risk plays a significant role in shaping reproductive strategies in electric fishes and also underscore how ecological pressures can drive variation in reproductive investment across fish populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 126293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal sensing of substrate vibrations in insects","authors":"Joscha A. Alt,&nbsp;Reinhard Lakes-Harlan","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanosensation is a universal sensory modality and respective receptors in insects are located in all body parts. For perception of substrate vibrations, highly specialized sensory organs have evolved. In insects, the legs contain specialized vibration sensors, but insects also touch the substrate with other body parts, like their abdomen. Here, we used extracellular recordings from abdominal nerves to test for vibrational sensitivity in two evolutionarily distant insect species. Vibrational stimuli of defined frequencies (30 Hz – 10 kHz) and accelerations (0.01 – 10 m/s²) were applied to the caudal region of the abdomen while recording from nerves associated with mechanosensitive chordotonal organs. In the grasshopper <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em> (Forsskal), abdominal nerves are almost as sensitive to substrate vibrations as the leg nerves. In the cicada <em>Okanagana rimosa</em> (Say), the sensitivity of abdominal sense organs is even higher than that of the leg associated sense organs. In both species, their abdominal tympanate ears are also sensitive to substrate vibrations. The results show that chordotonal organs in the abdomen can significantly contribute to vibration perception in insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 126282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of the circulatory system in Caobangia billeti Giard, 1893 (Annelida, Sabellidae)","authors":"Varvara I. Krolenko ,&nbsp;Glafira D. Kolbasova ,&nbsp;Alexander B. Tzetlin","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Caobangia billeti</em> is an aberrant shell-burrowing annelid with a phoronid-like body plan and U-shaped digestive tract, an anterior anus on the dorsal side near the head, and reduced metamerism. The segmental dissepiments in <em>C. billeti</em> are absent, but the circulatory system is complex and consists of numerous lacunae and vessels. We asked the question how this modified circulatory system compares to that of other Sabellida. To that end, we collected <em>C. billeti</em> from the type locality and for the first time provide a detailed morphological investigation of these worms using both electron (TEM) and light microscopy. Our data show that, despite the significant modification of the body plan, the circulatory system is generally similar to that of other Sabellida representatives. The central circulatory system includes dorsal and ventral vessels, circular segmental vessels, and the peri-intestinal sinus, while the peripheral system includes the vessels of the branchial crown, collar vessels and esophageal plexuses, and transseptal vessels. However, compared to other representatives of the order Sabellida this species possesses four paired lateroventral vessels instead of two, and extravasal rather than intravasal hematopoietic tissue. The abdomen of <em>C. billeti</em> has lost all internal metameric structures, except segmental vessels, the number of which coincides with the number of uncinial tori. The direction of blood flow was reconstructed using vital and morphological observations. There are no specialized propulsatory organs, but all vessels pulsate, except for the branchial vessels, which are passively filled with blood. In the circulatory system, the direction of blood flow can be reversed (from the head to the back of the body inside the dorsal vessel and vice versa ventrally), which has not previously been described for other Sabellida.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 126272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical transfer of bacterial symbionts via a placental analogue in the cyclostome bryozoan Patinella verrucaria (Stenolaemata): Ultrastructural and molecular evidence","authors":"M.A. Demidova ,&nbsp;A.E. Vishnyakov ,&nbsp;N.P. Karagodina ,&nbsp;O.N. Kotenko ,&nbsp;U.A. Nekliudova ,&nbsp;E.A. Bogdanov ,&nbsp;A.N. Ostrovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zool.2025.126281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Symbiotic associations with prokaryotes are common among marine filter-feeding invertebrates. In the almost exclusively colonial phylum Bryozoa, however, such associations have only been recorded in some species of the order Cheilostomata (class Gymnolaemata). Here we describe for the first time symbiotic bacteria in the colonies, larvae and developing ancestrulae of the bryozoan <em>Patinella verrucaria</em> from the order Cyclostomata (class Stenolaemata) using transmission electron and fluorescent microscopy. Ultrastructural and molecular data suggest the existence of two distinct bacterial species, both from the family Rhodobacteraceae. The presence of bacteria in all three stages of the bryozoan life cycle indicates a vertical transfer of symbionts. Both intracellular and free bacteria were recorded in the colonies, being presumably transported by amoebocytes from autozooids to the colonial incubation chamber. The bacteria are accumulated in the placental analogue and in associated cells surrounding developing embryos and larvae, and are presumably transmitted to the mature ciliated larvae during rupture of the placenta facilitated by the movements of their cilia before and/or during larval release. Thus, the nourishing function of the placenta is complemented by the symbiont transfer, which can be regarded as an example of extension of functions. This is the first example of a placenta providing bacterial infection to the progeny in invertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49330,"journal":{"name":"Zoology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 126281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}