Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Amphoteric Surfactants: Synthesis, Surface, Antimicrobial Activities, and Corrosion Inhibition for Aluminum in Acidic Solution","authors":"Fatma H. Abdel-Salam,&nbsp;Nabel A. Negm,&nbsp;Marwa M. Mohamed,&nbsp;Sharbat A. Baker,&nbsp;Aya E. Hawash","doi":"10.3103/S106837552303002X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S106837552303002X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><h3>\u0000 <b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>A new amphoteric surface-active agents, namely, sodium salt of 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethyl azanyl) propoxy-3-(alkanoyl oxy)-1-oxopropane-2-sulfonate were synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed spectroscopically. Surface tension measurements of those surface-active compounds were used to assess some surface parameters such as critical micelle concentration (cmc), the surface tension at the cmc (γ_cmc), effectiveness (π_cmc) and efficiency of adsorption. Results revealed that cmc and γ_cmc decreased as the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon chain increased from 5.62 × 10^–3 to 1.78 × 10^–3 mol/l and from 33.6 to 44.4 mN/m, respectively. Values of ∆<i>G</i>_ads were lower than those of ∆<i>G</i>_mic, which facilitated the adsorption of the molecules of the surfactants on the air–water interface. The prepared surfactants showed good results for antimicrobial activity. Also, the weight loss and the potentiodynamic polarization methods were used to study the effect of the new synthesized surfactants as corrosion inhibitors for aluminum in 1 M of HCl. The obtained data showed that the prepared surfactants acted as good corrosion inhibitors for aluminum in 1 M HCl.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 3","pages":"351 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4211992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Electromagnetic Radiation Associated with the Zero and First Modes of a Droplet Oscillating in an External Electrostatic Field","authors":"A. I. Grigoriev,&nbsp;N. Yu. Kolbneva,&nbsp;S. O. Shiryaeva","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523030080","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523030080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><h3>\u0000 <b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>The article discusses electromagnetic radiation generated by capillary oscillations of zeroth and first modes of a droplet in an external electrostatic field. It is assumed that the droplet is an ideal, incompressible, electrically conductive fluid with a zero net charge and is charged in an external uniform electrostatic field by induced charges of opposite signs. The discussed radiation is detected in analytical asymptotic calculations of second order of magnitude with respect to the dimensionless amplitude of the droplet oscillations in the external electrostatic field. Analytical expressions for the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation associated with the zeroth and first mode oscillations are found as are dependencies of the radiation intensity on the strength of the field, size of the droplet, and surface tension coefficient.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 3","pages":"301 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4211659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Ionic Boundary Layer near the Lithium Niobate Surface in the Proton Exchange Process","authors":"V. A. Demin,&nbsp;M. I. Petukhov,&nbsp;R. S. Ponomarev","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523030055","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523030055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents a theoretical study of the behavior of an ionic boundary layer that occurs in the process of a steady proton exchange in a benzoic acid melt contacting with the surface of a lithium niobate crystal. The penetration of protons into a crystal promotes the injection of oppositely charged ions (lithium and benzoate) from the surface of lithium niobate in the surrounding acid. The transfer of the reaction products and their interaction in benzoic acid is studied numerically. The proposed mathematical model includes the effect of recombination in the volume so that the ions with different charge signs approach each other and form a neutral lithium benzoate. The results of the numerical simulations demonstrate that there are exponential-like concentration profiles of two types of ions, and a non-uniform electric field and pressure distributions develop in the boundary layer under steady-state conditions. In this process, the total charge of the system remains zero. It is shown how the concentration, recombination, and activity of lithium and benzoate ions and the diffusion coefficients affect the profile shapes and the process intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 3","pages":"321 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4215259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Magnetoelectric Properties of Composites Based on Magnetic Particles of Fe2O3 and Bentonite Using Percolation Theory","authors":"S. R. Imanova","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523030092","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523030092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the results from studies of the electrical and magnetic properties of an inhomogeneous percolated medium based on the theory of percolation. The application of this theory has a wide and varied range. Examples include hopping conductivity in semiconductors, properties of porous materials, etc. It was found that, with approaching the percolation threshold <i>p</i>_<i>c</i> = 0.35, the resistivity decreases, and the electrical conductivity increases accordingly. An increasing number of individual ferromagnetic nanogranules in (<i>p</i>)–Fe₂O₃–(1–<i>p</i>) (MBT) composites merge with the formation of individual Fe₂O₃ clusters in the bentonite matrix, which combine to form a continuous network of clusters. This is due to the fact that the resistivity ρ of the composite is mainly determined by the magnetic component of the latter.</p>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 3","pages":"314 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4211667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Passive Oxide Film Structure and Surface Temperature on the Rate of Anodic Dissolution of Chromium-Nickel and Titanium Alloys in Electrolytes for Electrochemical Machining: Part 2. Anodic Dissolution of Titanium Alloys in Nitrate and Chloride Solutions","authors":"E. V. Likrizon,&nbsp;S. A. Silkin,&nbsp;A. I. Dikusar","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523030134","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523030134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><h3>\u0000 <b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Experimental study of the anodic dissolution of titanium and its alloys over a wide range of current densities, including pulsed currents (up to 100 A/cm²), under controlled hydrodynamic conditions and surface temperature in nitrate and chloride solutions, showed that the process is mediated by electrochemical formation of an anodic oxide film (AOF), which undergoes chemical dissolution. The AOF has a bilayer structure (two barrier films: at the interface with the metal and solution). It is described by PDM-III (Point Defect Model). Under certain conditions, it is possible to achieve a steady state in which the film growth rate is compensated by the rate of its chemical dissolution (during a pulsed treatment). In this case, there is a 100% current efficiency in terms of titanium ionization in the oxidation state of four. Under the conditions of the described experiments, i.e., when using direct current, the rate of the AOF electrochemical formation exceeds that of its chemical dissolution, which leads to a decrease in the current efficiency, which does not exceed 75%. Due to the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of the barrier film at the interface with the solution, which determines its thickness, the current efficiency increases with an increase in the flow rate of the electrolyte. When the thermokinetic instability (TKI) of the AOF is reached (thermal explosion caused by positive feedback: the rate of electrochemical reaction–surface temperature–the rate of electrochemical reaction), the interaction of electrolyte components with the surface free from the film leads to “anomalous” anodic dissolution of the AOF with a current efficiency exceeding 100%. Regardless of the nature of the electrolyte, the TKI conditions are reached at ~1 A/cm². It has been shown that the dissolution rate in nitrate solutions for certain pulsed treatment parameters (relative pulse duration of 2, <i>dc</i> = 50%) (and the displacement of cathode tool in electrochemical machining) may exceed the machining rate with direct current of the same density by more than a factor of two.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 3","pages":"255 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4215504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Structure of Passive Oxide Films and Surface Temperature on the Rate of Anodic Dissolution of Chromium–Nickel and Titanium Alloys in Electrolytes for Electrochemical Machining: Part 1. Anodic Dissolution of Chromium–Nickel Steel in a Nitrate Solution","authors":"A. I. Dikusar,&nbsp;E. V. Likrizon","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523020047","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523020047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The anodic dissolution of type Kh18N10 (Cr18Ni10) chromium–nickel steel was performed in a nitrate solution (conductivity of 0.15 S/cm) under pulsed current conditions using pulse durations of 20–100 µs, current densities of 0.01–100 A/cm², and relative pulse durations of 10 to 1 (duty cycle from 10 to 100% (direct current), respectively). Different hydrodynamic conditions were implemented, and the surface temperature was measured. The results obtained are in line with the hypothesis that the process is mediated by the formation of a semiconducting anodic oxide film with point defects that can exhibit different types of conduction. The film is described within point defect model II, and the rate of its electrochemical formation is balanced under steady-state conditions by the rate of its chemical dissolution, which is why the mass decrease per unit charge reaches a limiting value of 0.16–0.18 mg/C (under the pulsed conditions), which corresponds to a current efficiency close to 100% (assuming the highest oxidation state for alloying components of the steel in solution). In going from pulsed current to direct current conditions, the thermokinetic instability of the film is observed, i.e., it forms and then undergoes breakdown due to thermal explosion. Under such circumstances, the current yield of anodic dissolution may not only reach 100%, assuming the lowest degree of oxidation of the alloying components (thermal activation), but exceeds this value as a result of chemical interaction between the film-free surface and the electrolyte.</p>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"107 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5099717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Increments of Capillary Waves’ Instability on the Surface of the Charged Electroconductive Jet Moving Relative to Material Medium","authors":"S. O. Shiryaeva,&nbsp;A. I. Grigor’ev,&nbsp;N. A. Petrushov","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523020151","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523020151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><h3>\u0000 <b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>For the first azimuthal modes of a charged jet of an electrically conductive incompressible liquid, the increments of the instability of capillary waves, their magnitude, and dependence on the physical parameters of the task, the position of the instability zones on the set of the wave numbers were examined. It was found that the widths of the ranges of the wave numbers of unstable waves and the values of instability increments depend on the square of the intensity of an electrostatic field and the square of the speed of relative motion increasing at a higher field strength and speed. In the absence of a charge on the jet, bending instability has a threshold character, and it is realized not at any load speed value but starting from certain final value of it.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"156 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4800819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Temperature on Corrosion Behavior of 90/10 Cu–Ni Alloys in Sulfide-Polluted Chloride Solutions","authors":"Hosni M. A. Ezuber,&nbsp; Abdulla Al-Shater","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523020072","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523020072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen sulfide is a corrosive species responsible for the deterioration of metals and alloys in marine environment. In this study, the electrochemical performance of the 90/10 Cu–Ni alloy in stagnant and aerated 3.5% sodium chloride (equivalent chloride concentration in seawater) containing 0.01 M Na₂S was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization technique at 23, 50, and 80°C. The surface examination and morphological studies were also employed. Polarization measurements in sulfide-infested environments revealed that 90/10 Cu–Ni alloys are adversely sensitive to the sulfide presence and exhibit very high corrosion rates at higher electrolyte temperatures in accordance with an exponential fashion. In addition, the confirmation of a corrosion attack evidencing a pitting type corrosion appearing after the metallographic characterization was applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"185 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4799205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Extracts: An Overview of Their Corrosion Mitigation Performance against Mild Steel in Sodium Chloride Solution","authors":"M. Lavanya,&nbsp;P. Preethi Kumari","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523020114","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523020114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many industries face corrosion problems caused by the medium containing chloride ion due to its aggressive nature. The implementation of corrosion inhibitors has been recognized to be the easiest and most inexpensive approach for corrosion mitigation. Plant extracts as inexpensive, nontoxic, and biodegradable materials are found abundantly in nature. The heteroatoms, and polyfunctional groups of the active constituents present in plant extracts, make them potential candidates as corrosion inhibitors for metals. The present review includes a compilation of to-date investigations of aqueous extracts of various parts of plants for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in the NaCl medium only. The inhibition efficiency of various plant extracts was reported based on electrochemical techniques. The type of action, the mode of adsorption, and the mechanism of inhibition were also explored. The surface characterization and theoretical accepts are explained briefly as a support to the experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"172 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4800811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Erosion Development on Medium Motion in a Microelectrode","authors":"V. S. Deeva,&nbsp;S. M. Slobodyan","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523020023","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523020023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><h3>\u0000 <b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>The erosion impact on the microelectrode channel of the cooling medium’s motion is studied. Using the equation of continuity for a fluid flow inside the microelectrode channel, the analytical correlations were found between the change in the flow pressure drop and the number of defects (pores and cavities) of the channel’s internal cooling surface. Based on the obtained correlations, the method was proposed for an early detection of the defects’ nucleation in the channel surface layer inside the microelectrode. Simple analytical motion models for the cooling medium in the microelectrode were built. Model analysis was performed. The parameters of the microelectrode cooling medium’s motion were evaluated for finding an efficient way of removing the soil particles from the active erosion zone. The experimental results are in good agreement with the studies of other researchers.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49315,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"148 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4800411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}