Health & Place最新文献

{"title":"Does the physical food environment in secondary school influence students’ social norm perceptions regarding healthy dietary choices? – An exploratory study in the Netherlands","authors":"Bonnie M. van Dongen ,&nbsp;Naomi A. Camfferman ,&nbsp;Sandra Klunder ,&nbsp;Lydian Veldhuis ,&nbsp;Sanne Raghoebar ,&nbsp;Carry.M. Renders","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creating a healthy food environment in secondary schools has the potential to communicate social norms regarding healthy dietary choices. This study explored the relationship between the schools’ food environment and perceived descriptive (what others do) and injunctive (what others approve) norms regarding healthy dietary choices among adolescents. An exploratory (quasi-experimental) study was conducted in 23 Dutch schools, differing between three arms based on implementation degree of a Healthy School Canteen Program: limited, moderate or sustainable. Students (n = 1004) completed a questionnaire about descriptive and injunctive norms regarding water, fruit/vegetables, snacks, sugar-containing beverages, brown/whole wheat bread. Multi-level analyses were conducted (two-level hierarchical data structure). Compared to limited implementation, students in schools with moderate implementation indicated less favorable norm perceptions with (a) lower descriptive norm scores regarding water (-.30, 95 % CI [-.47; -.12]), (b) lower injunctive norm scores regarding fruit/vegetables (-.29, 95 % CI [-.49; -.10]) and water (-.34, 95 % CI [-.49; -.20]), and (c) higher injunctive norm scores regarding sugar containing beverages (.17, 95 % CI [.02; .32]). No significant differences were observed between students in schools with sustainable implementation and limited implementation. Compared to sustainable implementation, students in schools with moderate implementation indicated less favorable injunctive norm perceptions regarding fruit/vegetables (-.28, 95 % CI [-.47; -.08] and water (-.26, 95 % CI [-.41; -.12]). This study illustrates the complex interplay between perceived social norms regarding healthy dietary choices and efforts to create a healthy food environment. Future research should examine how social norms evolve over time within schools, taking into account their unique context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146145309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining spatial disparities in essential primary care services across multiple geographic scales in South Korea","authors":"Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Changwha Oh ,&nbsp;Yena Song","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>South Korea's healthcare system exhibits significant spatial disparities in service provision, which were further exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Essential Primary Care Services (EPS). This study examines the spatio-temporal dynamics of these disparities through three questions: (1) How did COVID-19 influence spatial and temporal discrepancies in EPS? (2) How do these discrepancies vary across geographic scales? and (3) What spatial-health policy implications emerge, especially relative to traditional arguments about healthcare disparities in South Korea?</div><div>The analysis focuses on the interaction between temporal phases (pre-, mid-, and post-pandemic) and spatial dimensions (areas and regions) to assess the pandemic's impact on EPS. To address these issues, the study introduces the Discrepancy Index (DISC) to measure spatial mismatches between EPS supply and demand, and the Disparity of Service Stress Index (DISTRES) to assess capacity mismatches in service provision. By integrating these measures across three pandemic phases and multiple geographic scales, the study provides a comprehensive assessment of spatio-temporal disparities in EPS. The findings yield several key insights. The impact of COVID-19 on EPS is not strongly evident at the national aggregate level but emerges more clearly at specific geographic scales, with several outlier units showing pronounced effects that were not captured in previous work from South Korea or other countries. Spatial disparities and their mitigation also vary by spatial units, indicating that public health policies should be tailored to the spatial units where DISC and DISTRES identify critical spatial or capacity mismatches. Spatial-temporal disparities in EPS are particularly marked between metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions and between large cities and rural areas. The standardized framework developed in this study offers an effective approach for analyzing and classifying healthcare service distributions across multiple spatial and temporal dimensions, providing deeper insight into patterns of healthcare disparity and informing scale-sensitive policy responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between historical redlining and BMI: Potential indirect pathways through neighborhood socioeconomic and environment factors and their associated lifestyle behaviors in CARDIA","authors":"Andrea S. Richardson ,&nbsp;Tamara Dubowitz ,&nbsp;Feifei Ye ,&nbsp;Kirsten M.M. Beyer ,&nbsp;Yuhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Kiarri N. Kershaw ,&nbsp;Waverly Duck ,&nbsp;Robin Beckman ,&nbsp;James M. Shikany ,&nbsp;Catarina I. Kiefe","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is unknown whether living in neighborhoods historically rated as “high-risk” mortgage by lenders (i.e., “redlining”) defined by maps of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) neighborhood ratings may associate with obesity through neighborhood factors and health behaviors, or how such associations might differ by race and gender. We used data from the 1985-86 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study to test whether retrospective cohort associations between redlining and body mass index (BMI) were mediated by paths from census-derived social and economic neighborhood factors, food availability, physical activity (PA) resources to diet and physical activity behaviors. We found that the HOLC ratings (which reflected institutionalized racial sentiment of the time) were associated with higher levels of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation within all racial and gender groups. For White adults and men, historically redlined neighborhoods were indirectly associated with higher BMI through neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and lower diet quality. An indirect pathway connecting redlining to BMI was also identified for Black adults, but higher quality diet correlated with higher BMI. While women's dietary quality was not associated with BMI, redlining was directly associated with neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation which was directly associated with higher BMI and lower dietary quality, separately. Food and PA resource availability were inconsistently associated with HOLC ratings. Overall, historically redlined neighborhoods remained socioeconomically deprived 50 years later, which may have contributed to lower diet quality for all race and gender groups. The historic intertwining of race and value, as illustrated by the redlining maps, may have influenced disparities in BMI across race and gender groups. This suggests complex interactions among redlining, race, gender, and BMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring maternal healthcare accessibility in Florida by a data-driven extension of V2SFCA","authors":"Hanqi Li ,&nbsp;Fahui Wang ,&nbsp;Ran Zhang ,&nbsp;Andy Qin ,&nbsp;Emily Javan ,&nbsp;Rajesh Reddy ,&nbsp;Lorie Harper ,&nbsp;Peiyin Hung ,&nbsp;Yuhao Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maternal healthcare accessibility is a key determinant of maternal and newborn outcomes, yet the United States continues to experience disproportionately high maternal mortality rates compared with other high-income countries. Efforts to address this problem are hampered by substantial spatial disparities, especially in large states like Florida. Existing methodologies for evaluating healthcare access, such as the widely used Generalized Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (G2SFCA) method, may not accurately capture real-world circumstances because they often rely on assumed, uniform parameters that overlook contextual heterogeneity in travel behavior. However, maternal patients in different geographies experience drastically different transportation barriers and varying tolerance for distance and travel times, underscoring the need for more granular, area-specific modeling. This study proposes a data-driven Variable Catchment 2SFCA (V2SFCA) framework to estimate maternal healthcare accessibility across Florida. Leveraging observed patient flow data, we employed gravity models to empirically calibrate distance decay functions and separately defined catchment thresholds specific to each area type. These data-driven, area-specific parameters enable the framework to more accurately reflect behavioral heterogeneity in maternal healthcare utilization. Applied to Florida, the model reveals substantial accessibility disparities across the four area types, including metropolitan, micropolitan, small town, and rural. It also demonstrates improved behavioral realism compared with conventional approaches, offering actionable insights for equitable maternal care planning and resource allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AARP Age-Friendly community designation and neighborhood resources to support healthy aging nationwide, 2012–2017","authors":"Alexandra Eastus ,&nbsp;Yvonne L. Michael ,&nbsp;Stephen Dickinson ,&nbsp;Stephen Francisco ,&nbsp;Steven Melly ,&nbsp;Jana Hirsch","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the association between city-level Age-Friendly designation and neighborhood resources that support healthy aging at the census tract-level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We quantified the density of neighborhood resources in census tracts that support healthy aging using the National Establishment Time Series (NETS). We identified cities designated as American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) Network of Age-Friendly States and Communities Members. Using a propensity score matched regression, we estimated the association between AARP Age-Friendly membership designation and the density of neighborhood resources that support healthy aging within census tracts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our matched sample consisted of 134,031 census tract-years between 2012 and 2017. Our findings suggest that census tracts located in Age-Friendly designated cities are associated with greater densities of neighborhood resources that support healthy aging overall, as well as for business establishments that facilitate aging in place (e.g., healthcare facilities).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest a meaningful association between local Age-Friendly designation and the availability of resources that can support aging in place. Although we did not directly measure health outcomes, neighborhoods with greater resource density are likely to experience multiple health benefits, including improved quality of life for older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting health and place through age-friendly built environments to reduce experiences of loneliness (mokemoke) for Māori","authors":"Danielle Lee Smith ,&nbsp;John G. Oetzel ,&nbsp;Mary L. Simpson ,&nbsp;Yvonne Wilson ,&nbsp;Sophie Nock ,&nbsp;Rangimahora Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior to colonisation, experiences of loneliness were rare among Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand), as there were sophisticated, place-based connections between people, land, housing, and nature. This reality is often not the case in 21st-century urban housing environments where feelings of loneliness are a confronting reality for older adults, impacting their health, well-being, and the suitability of their housing. The purpose of this paper was to determine how housing characteristics of contemporary Indigenous built environments prevent experiences of loneliness. Twenty residents of a modern Māori age-friendly housing village, known as an urban papakāinga, were interviewed. The thematic analysis identified four characteristics consistent with traditional Māori cultural values and practices that enabled urban housing spaces to facilitate connection to place through nature, thereby reducing experiences of loneliness. These characteristics are haporitanga (community and socialisation opportunities), āhurutanga (comfortable, safe spaces for movement and mobility that prioritise the natural world), ūkaipōtanga (sense of sustenance and belonging), and tangihanga (culturally appropriate end-of-life and afterlife care customs). The paper offers alternative ontological approaches to aging-in-place, and therefore has implications for housing providers globally, specifically those supporting First Nations and Indigenous peoples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playing with place: Co-designing landscapes through games in healthcare settings","authors":"Laura MacLean ,&nbsp;Sarah Bowyer ,&nbsp;Lewis Urquhart ,&nbsp;Andrew Robinson ,&nbsp;Josafinni Porter Chambers ,&nbsp;Sarah Morton ,&nbsp;Andrew Wodehouse","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospital greenspaces have the potential to contribute to public health, environmental sustainability, and the wellbeing of patients, staff, and visitors through meaningful interactions with nature. While it is widely acknowledged that time spent in nature benefits health and wellbeing, there remains uncertainty of which individual landscape elements are linked to particular outcomes. Moreover, tools to support shared decision-making in the early stages of healthcare estate planning are scarce.</div><div>This research developed, tested, and evaluated a novel co-design tool that translates evidence on human–nature connections into a tangible method for co-designing NHS greenspaces. The outcome was Mosaic Landscapes, a serious game that combines indexed landscape elements with persona-based role play. Landscape elements were derived from environmental quality indicators and mapped against potential biopsychosocial–spiritual health outcomes. Mosaic Landscapes was tested in ten engagement contexts including knowledge exchange, exhibition, and healthcare sessions. Qualitative data were gathered through observations, facilitator reflections, and participant surveys. The results were evaluated using a new combined Salutogenic–Sekhon integrated evaluation framework. Mosaic Landscapes demonstrated positive outcomes in terms of engagement, acceptability, and applicability across settings. Findings suggest that Mosaic Landscapes offers a practical and adaptable method for integrating health evidence into place-based design within institutional contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the U.S. obesogenic environment and its quasi-causal association with obesity: a cross-sectional twin study","authors":"Bram J. Berntzen ,&nbsp;Ally R. Avery ,&nbsp;Joline W.J. Beulens ,&nbsp;Jeroen Lakerveld ,&nbsp;Glen E. Duncan","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a chronic disease that develops via complex interactions between human biology and the obesogenic environment. This study aimed to develop a high-resolution index of combined obesogenic neighborhood exposures in the U.S. and examine its association with body mass index (BMI), independent of familial factors shared by twins (e.g., genetics and early life environment). This cross-sectional study included 11,152 adult twins (66% female, 69% monozygotic [MZ], mean age 42 [SD 18]) from the Washington State Twin Registry. The Obesogenic Built Environment CharacterisTics United States (OBCT-US) index captured neighborhood exposure to the modified retail food environment, walkability, area deprivation, and the normalized difference vegetation index around residential addresses. Univariate twin models estimated the heritability of the OBCT-US-index and BMI. Full-informed maximum likelihood linear regressions were applied to assess associations between the OBCT-US-index and BMI at the individual level among all twins and then pairwise differences within MZ and same-sex dizygotic (ssDZ) twin pairs. BMI showed high heritability (74%), whereas the OBCT-US-index was primarily influenced by unique environmental factors (63%). A 10% higher OBCT-US-index was associated with a 0.16 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.22] kg/m² higher BMI in individuals, but no association remained within MZ twin pairs 0.03 [-0.03, 0.09] or in ssDZ twin pairs −0.02 [-0.15, 0.11]. We conclude that while a more obesogenic environment was associated with higher BMI, this relationship was confounded by familial factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active travel as constrained necessity or choice: individual and environmental factors among adults with a lower socioeconomic status in peri-urban Flanders, Belgium","authors":"Yasemin Inaç ,&nbsp;Suzannah D'Hooghe ,&nbsp;Delfien Van Dyck ,&nbsp;Eva M. De Clercq ,&nbsp;Benedicte Deforche ,&nbsp;Nico Van de Weghe ,&nbsp;Stefanie Vandevijvere ,&nbsp;Karin De Ridder ,&nbsp;Sarah Dury","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the public health importance of active travel, there is limited qualitative research on how people with a lower socioeconomic status (SES)perceive and engage with it in their daily lives. This qualitative study, conducted among 26 adults with a lower SES in two peri-urban municipalities in Flanders, Belgium, explores the decision-making factors on active travel.</div><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted and thematically analyzed using Panter's framework on active travel. Findings reveal that active travel was less a voluntary choice than a constrained necessity shaped by financial limitations, lack of a driver's license, or medical conditions. Conversely, some participants cited manageable distances and the wish to be a role model for their children as motivations. Key environmental facilitators included the presence of physically separated walking and cycling paths, even surfaces, low traffic, good visibility, and adherence to traffic regulations. The study highlights how unsafe or poorly maintained environments disproportionately disadvantage people with fewer transport alternatives. These results underline the importance of mobility and urban planning policies that address both the infrastructural factors and the social determinants affecting transport choices among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘This is where I can be myself’: places that enable flourishing in older age","authors":"Caroline Pearce ,&nbsp;Karen Berry ,&nbsp;Catharine Ward Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to neighbourhood places is considered an important part of enabling older adults to age in place. However, understanding of the enabling features of places and how they generate the conditions necessary for the experience of wellbeing and flourishing amongst older people remains limited. Drawing on the concept of ‘enabling places’ (Duff, 2011, 2012) this paper examines how older adults negotiate physical, social and affective place resources to pursue the ‘personal projects’ that enable wellbeing and flourishing. In-depth interviews were conducted with 45 people aged 50 years and over living in socio-economically diverse areas of Scotland, UK. Four types of enabling places were identified: ‘places to relax and restore’, ‘places to connect with others’, ‘places I can stretch myself’ and ‘places I can be myself’. Key findings indicate the importance not only of the restorative properties of places but how places enable instoration, a longer-term strengthening of self-identity. Further, while natural environments were reported as the most difficult to access, difficulties in the environment could also offer participants opportunities for self-development. Analysis identified that place resources are not equally distributed, and that the unequal distribution of resources may prevent older people from developing the agency and capacities that support flourishing. The role of enabling places opens up avenues for further research enquiry, to explore how places and environments can support people to overcome perceived barriers to getting outdoors, but also to help people develop their own identity, confidence, and learn new skills, in other words, to flourish in older age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}