Health & Place最新文献

{"title":"How the neighbourhood-built environment shapes loneliness: A photo-elicitation study","authors":"Freya Häussermann ,&nbsp;Dorien Gryp ,&nbsp;Wouter Schepers ,&nbsp;Bas Dikmans ,&nbsp;Sarah Dury ,&nbsp;Liesbeth De Donder","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loneliness, though often perceived as an individual experience, is also influenced by the broader context in which individuals live, including the neighbourhood. This study used a participant-generated photo-elicitation approach to understand how structured (e.g., physical infrastructure) and lived (e.g., perceptions, safety, and affordability) characteristics of the neighbourhood-built environment affect loneliness. Eighteen participants (aged 20–80) from Belgium took photographs and engaged in photo-elicitation interviews to understand their narratives of loneliness and the role of the neighbourhood-built environment in these experiences. Interview data were inductively analysed using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL) and supplemented by photographs. The results describe how the neighbourhood-built environment provides an escape from loneliness at home, facilitates social interactions and participation, supports meaningful involvement, and offers a space for solitude and for processing grief and loss. Availability, accessibility, and affordability of neighbourhood social infrastructure are important, while neighbourhood aesthetics contribute to feelings of safety and welcomeness. Changes in demographics and social infrastructure can bring improvements, but also challenges in relation to loneliness. The discussion underscores that loneliness is not only influenced by individual and interpersonal factors, but also by the neighbourhood-built environment. Our research offers a foundation for targeted, place-sensitive interventions that seek to prevent or moderate loneliness (e.g., preserving informal meeting places) and highlights the need for policymakers and urban planners to prioritise social infrastructure, including accessible third and passing places.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating regional variation in neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in motor vehicle injury collisions","authors":"Michael Branion-Calles ,&nbsp;Somayeh Momenyan ,&nbsp;Shannon Erdelyi ,&nbsp;Herbert Chan ,&nbsp;Kevin Manaugh ,&nbsp;Meghan Winters ,&nbsp;M. Anne Harris ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Brubacher","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disadvantaged communities have higher rates of traffic injury. Our goal was to measure regional variation in the association between small-area socioeconomic deprivation and motor vehicle crashes resulting in injury within British Columbia, Canada.</div><div>We analyzed road traffic injury crashes from universal auto insurance claims (2019–2023) across 16 urban regions of British Columbia, aggregated by census dissemination areas (DAs). We measured socioeconomic deprivation using the Vancouver Area Neighbourhood Deprivation Index, a normalized score combining seven health-related sociodemographic variables applied to the 2021 Canadian census. We examined associations between deprivation and three injury crash types (motor vehicle, bicycle-motor vehicle, and pedestrian-motor vehicle) using Bayesian spatial regression models.</div><div>Increased socioeconomic deprivation was consistently associated with higher injury crash incidence across all crash types, with regional variation in the strength of the relationship. Among the most populous regions, a one standard deviation increase in deprivation was associated with injury crash increases from 17 % (95 % Credible Interval [CI]: 12 %–21 %) in Vancouver-Fraser Valley to 51 % (95 % CI: 36 %–68 %) in the Okanagan region. Similar patterns were observed for cyclist injuries, from 10 % (95 % CI: 4 %–16 %) in Vancouver-Fraser Valley to 64 % (95 % CI: 38 %–93 %) in Okanagan, and for pedestrian injuries, from 17 % (95 % CI: 11 %–24 %) in Vancouver-Fraser Valley to 77 % (95 % CI: 48 %–110 %) in Okanagan. Smaller regions had wide credible intervals and more uncertainty in associations.</div><div>To address spatial inequalities, prioritization of the placement of road safety interventions should incorporate equity considerations, as well as area-level interventions that address fundamental risk factors of traffic volume and speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding heat-driven health risks: Spatiotemporal dynamics and regional vulnerability in new Mexico","authors":"Moongi Choi ,&nbsp;Chelsea Eastman Langer ,&nbsp;Colin Hawkinson ,&nbsp;Melissa VanSickle ,&nbsp;Stephanie Moraga-McHaley ,&nbsp;Leiqiu Hu ,&nbsp;Bonne Ford ,&nbsp;Sheryl Magzamen ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Pierce ,&nbsp;Armistead G. Russell ,&nbsp;Olivia Sablan ,&nbsp;Christopher K. Uejio","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As climate change intensifies, heat-related health risks are expected to increase, arising from complex interactions between environmental and social factors. Although prior research has primarily focused on the effects of extreme heat events on heat-related illnesses, the cumulative impact of prolonged summer heat on all-cause hospitalization trends, as well as its spatiotemporal interactions with key heat-risk factors, remains insufficiently understood. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between all-cause hospitalization rates and heat-risk factors, including Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), heat-related social vulnerabilities, and PM2.5, in New Mexico from 2016 to 2022. By integrating a spatiotemporal Bayesian model and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), we identified regional variations in relative risk and analyzed how these factors influenced hospitalization patterns over time and space. Results show that WBGT only becomes positively associated with hospitalizations after considering heat-related social vulnerabilities. Despite declining hospitalization rates over the study period, the increasing relative risk of hospitalization may reflect underlying healthcare access inequalities. SOM clustering highlights distinct regional patterns, where some counties are more influenced by environmental factors while others are driven by heat-related social vulnerabilities. As a result, our findings highlight the need for geographically differentiated interventions that reflect the evolving impact of heat-risk factors, enabling more effective and equitable resource allocation based on each region's dominant drivers of risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping socio-spatial contexts of drug use and service access: A community-based rapid ethnography in Northern Ontario, Canada","authors":"Lucas Tucker ,&nbsp;Francisco Ibáñez-Carasco ,&nbsp;Brooke Legault ,&nbsp;Dawn Cameron ,&nbsp;Janett Michaud ,&nbsp;Guy Seguin ,&nbsp;Meya Jurkus ,&nbsp;Kaela Pelland ,&nbsp;Heidi Eisenhauer ,&nbsp;Geoff Bardwell","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greater Sudbury, Canada, is the largest geographical city in the province of Ontario. With urban and rural characteristics, Sudbury's population density is sparse, yet it features an active downtown core. Sudbury's only supervised consumption site (SCS) closed in 2024. We examine the socio-spatial contexts of drug use and access as a governance outcome of service placement, transportation access, and policing. By mapping and identifying areas of unregulated drug use in this study, we provide qualitative maps to explore the day-to-day geographies related to unregulated drug use and service access using participatory sketch-mapping. We conducted a community-based rapid ethnography consisting of naturalistic observations and semi-structured interviews with clients and non-clients of the local SCS (n = 27 across two waves, April–August 2024). Interviews involved self-mapping the approximate areas where participants lived/stayed, accessed harm reduction services, and purchased and used unregulated drugs. Data was incorporated into ArcGIS, a geographic information system (GIS) software. To analyze spatial data and emerging patterns while ensuring participant privacy, Kernel Density Estimation was employed, which provided insights into unregulated drug activity without disclosing exact coordinates. Findings indicate a high concentration of unregulated drug activities in Sudbury's downtown core, while significant activity extended across the city, with varying visibility. Study findings exhibit both the centrality of unregulated drug use and the peripheral areas where activities are less detectable, yet still present. These findings aid us in spatially understanding unregulated drug use in a Northern setting and can inform drug strategies related to the placement of harm reduction and health services, including mobile SCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the protective effect of public open space on social connectedness: evidence from a natural experiment cohort study in three Canadian cities","authors":"Meridith Sones ,&nbsp;Daniel Fuller ,&nbsp;Yan Kestens ,&nbsp;Benoit Thierry ,&nbsp;Meghan Winters","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community design has the potential to address urban isolation and loneliness at a population level, but limited research on the causal effects of the built environment constrains evidence-based action in cities. This study examined the effect of public open space on changes in social connectedness among adults (n = 665) during the COVID-19 pandemic, using geospatial data from OpenStreetMap and health survey data from three cities (Montréal, Saskatoon, and Vancouver). Treating the pandemic as a natural experiment, we used multilevel models to analyze whether public open space exposure (defined as the ratio of land area within 500m of home) modified changes in community belonging, loneliness, and neighbouring from 2018 to 2020/2021. First, we found little evidence of changes in social connectedness in our cohort overall and within subgroups. On average, loneliness increased slightly, and belonging and neighbouring remained stable. Second, we found that higher public open space exposure (≥10 % neighbourhood land area) had a modest protective effect on community belonging only (0.14, 95 % CI = 0.01 to 0.27). These findings add to a limited but growing evidence base on the role of the built environment in shaping social connectedness, while highlighting challenges involved in examining causal impacts. As cities invest in public open space to support policy goals around sustainability and livability, evaluating co-benefits for social connectedness are critical opportunities for strengthening the evidence on built environment solutions to social isolation and loneliness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning the trade of navigating and tinkering within a disparate welfare system: Older adults as bricoleurs of home arrangements and support","authors":"Glenn Möllergren ,&nbsp;Håkan Jönson ,&nbsp;Marianne Granbom","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Challenging conventional provider-oriented perspectives on older adults’ spatial realities, this study explores how community-dwelling care users in Sweden manage their home environments. It investigates how older adults use the welfare system and coordinate widely available but disparate material and social resources to achieve a spatially sustainable ageing-in-place. Research on domiciliary care for older adults has largely focused on the provider, overlooking the skills and strategies older care users themselves employ to make arrangements work; this study adopts a fresh lens by examining the active engagement of older adults in shaping their own home arrangements.</div><div>The data comprised twelve qualitative interviews with older care users, along with walk-alongs in their homes, focusing on how different areas of the home were used in everyday life. The concepts of bricoleur, bricolage, and tinkering, were employed to analyse the activities and arrangements respondents implemented to utilise services in managing their daily lives. The findings revealed that participants had been prompted to develop sophisticated procedures and competencies, leveraging supportive networks and combining housing adaptations, assistive devices, and innovative uses of household items to make the services useful. The study highlights the importance of recognising the active coordination efforts of older care users and underscores the need to focus on their expertise and adaptive learning within supportive systems. An eldercare provision such as the one in Sweden, offering a variety of different services, can be perceived as fragmented and challenging to navigate, necessitating a user-centred approach to improve accessibility and effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building healthier and sustainable cities: A scoping review to establish the cost-effectiveness of place-based interventions","authors":"Carlos Rojas Roque ,&nbsp;Yirui Qian ,&nbsp;Laura Bojke ,&nbsp;Rita Santos ,&nbsp;Kimon Krenz ,&nbsp;Lisa Dowling ,&nbsp;Emily Nix ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Rodgers ,&nbsp;Rosemary R.C. McEachan","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Place-based interventions—modifying physical and social environments—are promising in reducing non-chronic disease risks but lack comprehensive economic evaluations. This scoping review aims to identify, evaluate, and synthesise evidence on the cost-effectiveness of urban place-based interventions, to better inform policy and resource allocation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and grey literature for full economic evaluations of urban place-based interventions with no date restrictions. Standardised tools were used for data extraction, critical appraisal, and synthesis of methodological quality, geographic distribution, and intervention types.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 53 studies included, transport-related interventions dominated (70 %), followed by green/blue spaces (19 %), housing (7.5 %), and services and facilities (4 %). Only four out of 53 studies classified the intervention as not cost-effective. Geographically, included studies were concentrated in the United States and the United Kingdom. Cost-benefit analysis (64 %) is the most used economic evaluation method, and a societal perspective is used in 59 % of cases. However, significant inconsistencies were noted, particularly in synthesising effectiveness estimates and justifying discount rates. Key gaps included limited equity considerations and non-health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While place-based interventions demonstrate potential for improving health outcomes, conclusions regarding their cost-effectiveness are limited by methodological shortcomings and gaps in geographic and intervention scope. To enhance policy relevance, future research should adopt more rigorous methodologies, incorporate equity considerations, and expand the scope of outcomes to capture the full societal value of these interventions. Addressing these gaps will be essential for informing policies that maximise health and societal benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban neighborhood factors influencing adolescent health and well-being: A qualitative study among adolescent boys in the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands","authors":"Julie Roelandt ,&nbsp;Melina T. Czymoniewicz-Klippel ,&nbsp;Monique Simons ,&nbsp;Emely de Vet","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescent health and well-being is significantly influenced by the urban living environment. This study examined what health and well-being mean to adolescents and how they perceive neighborhood factors as influencing them. Interviews with 15 adolescent boys from a low socioeconomic urban neighborhood in the City of Utrecht, the Netherlands, reveal that, according to these boys, doing fun things and spending time with friends and peers underpin their health. The adolescents indicated that such activities support adolescents' subjective well-being by providing opportunities to, <em>inter alia</em>, develop social contacts, explore and affirm their personal identity, and negotiate social belonging. The findings show that neighborhoods can support or hinder adolescents' health and well-being by providing or limiting access to public and private spaces—such as outdoor recreation areas, organizations, sports clubs, and local stores and restaurants—where young people can gather, interact and potentially engage in paid work. Future health promotion efforts should focus on enhancing existing institutional resources, developing new ones, and improving financial support to provide all adolescents with affordable and accessible opportunities to promote their health and well-being through meaningful peer activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical training pathways and underdoctored areas: a qualitative study of doctors working in areas that struggle to recruit and retain","authors":"Liz Brewster,&nbsp;Choon Key Chekar,&nbsp;Michael Lambert,&nbsp;Clare Mumford,&nbsp;Tasneem Patel,&nbsp;Nicola Rennie,&nbsp;Cliff Shelton","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some areas struggle more than others to recruit and retain doctors to provide healthcare services. Often, these areas are rural, coastal, remote, deprived or a combination of all these factors, compounding difficulties in access to healthcare; we refer to these areas as ‘underdoctored’. This paper aims to describe experiences of working in underdoctored areas, with a focus on exploring why doctors work in these places to highlight what might enable future recruitment. It considers: the routes by which they arrived in an area and the drivers that facilitated those routes; the key stages in participants' lives at which transitions into the area were made; the agency – or lack thereof – that was involved in the choice to work in the area. While previous research has focused on factors driving workforce attrition, we work here to identify what encourages retention, particularly in areas that are known to have difficulties maintaining sufficient medical workforce. Drawing on interviews with doctors who work in these areas across case study sites, we conceptualise how there is a need to understand experiences of working in these areas to surface three intertwined elements – people, career, and place – within a doctors' place-life trajectory. We then explore how one or more of these elements might need to be compromised, how the acceptability of these compromises might change over time, and how the affordances associated with an underdoctored area can be negotiated and re-negotiated in order for those who move to an underdoctored area to want to stay. These findings have implications for improving recruitment and retention, health service provision, and ultimately, health inequalities in these underdoctored areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do community assets support health in a rural community? An ethnographic case study","authors":"Jennie Hayes ,&nbsp;Liz Edwards-Smith ,&nbsp;Richard Byng ,&nbsp;Kerryn Husk ,&nbsp;Katrina Wyatt","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community assets (including voluntary, community, social enterprise and grassroots initiatives) have the potential to help address health inequalities. There is a growing understanding of the importance of putting communities at the heart of public health to improve population health. Understanding the mechanisms by which grassroots activities support health and wellbeing is important for making commissioning decisions, for community confidence and for the purposes of evaluation. This study takes an ethnographic case study approach to explore one rural community in the south-west of England. We observed activities and interactions, had informal conversations with residents and community leaders and conducted focus groups. Focus groups were recorded, and transcripts and field notes were analysed thematically. Findings were mapped to South and colleagues’ family of community-centred approaches. We explore to what extent this framework applies to grassroots activities in our case study site and consider how outcomes from these community assets (places, activities and people) may link to the evidence base behind this framework. We discuss the mechanisms by which these approaches support health and wellbeing, as well as the factors that may constrain their development. We suggest that, through linking to the evidence base, there is a case for investing in the transformational health-generating work of grassroots organisations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}