Health & Place最新文献

{"title":"Leveraging LLMs and explainable AI to decode citizen complaints for neighborhood respiratory health prediction","authors":"Haoxiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Junhan Hu ,&nbsp;Meilin Yang ,&nbsp;Yuan Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory illnesses pose spatially varying threats to human well-being, yet effective monitoring approaches remain limited. This study introduces a novel, place-based framework for predicting neighborhood-level respiratory health by decoding citizen complaints. Utilizing 2.3 million 311 non-urgent service request records in New York City, we demonstrate that citizen complaints outperform conventional census-derived variables in predicting census tract-level asthma prevalence, achieving higher accuracy and reduced systemic bias. Incorporating large language models (LLMs) yields an additional 8 % performance gain through context-aware weighting of complaint content. Explainable AI techniques reveal the marginal contributions of complaint data, identifying the categories most influential in prediction. Our findings uncover neighborhood respiratory health signals embedded in complaint records, and present the value of AI in translating unstructured urban data into predictive capacity and actionable insights. By pairing publicly available data with cutting-edge AI methods, our approach offers an efficient, scalable tool for assessing respiratory health disparities and informing timely, targeted, place-based interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the systems dynamics of neighborhood socioeconomic inequities in health in European cities: a causal loop diagram","authors":"Vernon Cail ,&nbsp;Mariëlle A. Beenackers ,&nbsp;Fleur ter Ellen ,&nbsp;Mariël Droomers ,&nbsp;Martin Dijst ,&nbsp;Joost Oude Groeniger ,&nbsp;Frank J. van Lenthe","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban neighborhood inequities in health remain a persistent public health issue, despite many efforts to promote health equity. Given the complex nature of these inequities, a complex systems science approach is essential to identify and understand their underlying causes. In this study, a causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed to visualize the underlying mechanisms contributing to urban neighborhood inequities in self-assessed health. The CLD was based on the results from a scoping literature review and the input from an interdisciplinary group of researchers. Three overarching themes were identified: 1) Uneven power dynamic in decision-making, 2) Socioeconomic sorting through environmental factors, 3) Mutual reinforcement of social cohesion and the physical environment. The interplay of these themes demonstrates that addressing neighborhood inequities in health requires an integrated approach that is inclusive in the decision-making processes and empowers communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How public open spaces co-construct solitary experiences in densely populated urban environments","authors":"Xia Bi ,&nbsp;Yi Izzy Jian ,&nbsp;Caterina Villani ,&nbsp;Ka Yan Leung ,&nbsp;Kin Wai Michael Siu","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loneliness in high-density cities is increasingly being recognised as a public health crisis, but the role of built environments in shaping the feelings of loneliness and solitary experiences remains underexplored. This study investigates how socio-material networks in Hong Kong's public open spaces (POSs) co-construct solitary experiences and contribute to emotional well-being. Using a mixed-methods approach, including individual-centred behavioural mappings, on-site ethnographic interviews (<em>n</em> = 84), and multi-sensory experiential observations, this research reveals that POSs function as emotional refuges, enabling individuals to seek solitude for enjoyment, to escape domestic constraints, and to pause, rest, and reflect. The findings show that solitary experiences emerge through the interplay of human and non-human actants, including people, cultural norms, spatial settings, and environmental conditions. Spatial affordances such as shaded seating, visual seclusion, and proximity to transport networks significantly influence solitary practices. Moreover, POSs frequently serve as complements to other environments, offering respite from overcrowded and stressful home conditions and fast-paced working environments. This study highlights the need for urban planners to recognise solitude as a legitimate and valuable public space experience. It calls for POS designs that incorporate diverse spatial features to support both solitude and sociality, and it advocates for relational perspectives on socio-material networks in research and policy-making to address the emotional complexities of urban life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The socioeconomic patterning of Great Britain's fast-food outlets and supermarkets: A repeated cross-sectional study of area-level deprivation and food outlet density from 2011 to 2024","authors":"Alexandra Boskovic,&nbsp;Thomas Burgoine,&nbsp;Jody Chantal Hoenink","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although previous research has demonstrated socioeconomic differences in the distribution of food outlets, no study to date has examined these patterns across the entire territory of Great Britain (GB) over time. This study provides an up-to-date repeated cross-sectional analysis into distributional changes in GB's fast-food outlets and supermarkets from 2011 to 2024 and its socioeconomic distribution. In this study, coordinates of all fast-food outlets and supermarkets in GB from the Ordnance Survey Points-of-Interest data were used to calculate outlet densities within small areas, adjusted by yearly population estimates and linked to Index of Multiple Deprivation measures. Counts of the different food outlets were combined in the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI). Multi-level linear regression and beta-regression models were used to assess associations between deprivation and fast-food outlet density, supermarket density and mRFEI). Results show that in GB, fast-food outlet density increased by 36 %, supermarket density increased by 17 % and mRFEI decreased by 5 % from 2011 to 2024. More deprived areas were associated with greater fast-food outlet density and lower mRFEI in all years compared to less deprived areas; the gap in fast-food outlet density between the most and least deprived areas widened by 28 % from 2011 to 2024. There were no statistically significant trends in supermarket density by area-level deprivation. Our findings indicate that higher densities of fast-food outlets in more deprived areas are not compensated for by a similar higher density of supermarkets. This imbalance may be limiting healthier dietary choices for residents in these areas. Given the links between food outlet exposure and dietary behaviours in GB, policies aiming to improve dietary outcomes should prioritise more deprived areas, thereby contributing to the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in the retail food environment, diet, and health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood deprivation and cardiometabolic risk factors in people living with HIV in urban South Africa","authors":"Nicola Bulled ,&nbsp;Siphamandla Gumede ,&nbsp;Eustasius Musenge ,&nbsp;Samanta Lalla-Edward","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neighborhood deprivation has been shown in the United States to be associated with prevalence of chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic risk factors. The impact of neighborhood deprivation on people living with HIV in populations in sub-Saharan Africa is not well understood, and further, there are no studies exploring such associations with other comorbidities. Adult patients living with HIV (n = 22,253), who attended a public health clinic in nine ward areas of Johannesburg, South Africa, and completed an intake survey between 2022 and 2024, were included in the study. We used multi-level models to determine the association between the validated South African Index of Multiple Deprivation (SAIMD), a multi-dimensional tool that measures deprivation, with four cardiometabolic risk factors: body weight (kg), systolic blood pressure (SBP), elevated total cholesterol, and diabetes. In multivariable-adjusted models, neighborhood deprivation remained statistically significantly positively associated with SBP. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for indicators of poorly controlled SBP (&gt;140 mmHg) revealed increases between the least and most deprived neighborhoods. In multivariable-adjusted models, higher levels of neighborhood deprivation were statistically significantly positively associated with indicators of cardiometabolic risk among adults living with HIV. These findings suggest that shared neighborhood level deprivation contributes to comorbid disease burden in PLWH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of planned behaviour on physical activity among Hong Kong university students: A cross-sectional study considering gender and living arrangement","authors":"Oscar Rhodes ,&nbsp;Benson Wui Man Lau ,&nbsp;Choi Yeung Andy Tse ,&nbsp;José Devís-Devís ,&nbsp;Nadia Bevan ,&nbsp;Chung-Ying Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical activity (PA) rates decrease as students’ progress through their academic journey, with the steepest decline observed in the transition from high school to university. In Hong Kong, PA participation rates among university students are concerningly low, varying by sex and residence. The present study utilised the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to explain PA intention and behaviour in Hong Kong university students. Participants were 402 (male = 140; 34.8 %—female = 246; 61.2 %) Hong Kong university students (M age = 21.8) who completed an online survey between February and May 2024, including measures of TPB and self-reported PA with demographic information. Linear regression analyses showed that attitudes and perceived behavioural control (PBC) (<em>p &lt; 0.001</em>) were significantly associated with PA intention. Mediation analysis suggested that attitude and subjective norms were associated with intention, with intention linked to PA participation. Subjective norms held a negative statistically significant effect with PA participation directly. Attitude was significantly associated with PA intention across all subsamples (<em>p &lt; 0.001</em>). PBC was moderately associated with PA intention in female students and students who resided on-campus and off-campus (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>). Strong associations were reported by students who did not move away from their hometown (<em>p &lt; 0.001</em>). Furthermore, intention was the sole factor explaining PA participation for Hong Kong university students. Disparities in TPB explained variance in PA participation differed by sex, living arrangement and moving to university. Findings suggest sex and living arrangements may need to be considered when devising PA interventions for this student demographic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the legal landscape of free menstrual products in schools: A scan of 50 states and DC","authors":"Micaela Camozzi ,&nbsp;Allison Power ,&nbsp;Lauren Tonti","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Period poverty can act as a barrier to education for menstruating students. This study examines laws that support access to free menstrual products in public, private, and charter schools across grade levels within all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) to understand the legal landscape. Legal epidemiology methods were used to create a database of statutes and regulations, effective as of July 2024, that support access to free menstrual products in schools across all 50 states and DC (N = 51). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. This review found that 29 of 51 jurisdictions (57 %) have laws that support access to free menstrual products in schools. Of those 29 jurisdictions, 24 (83 %) mandate free product availability and 17 (59 %) describe the financial mechanisms to provide products. Regarding menstrual product placement, twenty-two jurisdictions (76 %) describe at least one type of sanitation facility to provide products – thirteen (45 %) include women's restrooms, thirteen (45 %) include gender-neutral restrooms, and six (21 %) include men's restrooms, which can support privacy and accessibility for transgender and non-binary menstruators. Based on regional categorization as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, these laws are found in 10 of the 17 jurisdictions in the South (59 %), 8 of 13 in the West (62 %), 6 of 9 in the Northeast (67 %), and 5 of 12 in the Midwest (42 %). Variations in legal features demonstrate opportunities for states and DC to establish or amend menstrual products in schools (MPIS) laws to address period poverty within their jurisdiction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Built environment in early life is linked to heterogeneous trajectories of loneliness from childhood to adolescence in the ABCD study","authors":"Huinan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Peng ,&nbsp;Evon Lam Wong ,&nbsp;Chi Yung Jim ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Wai Kai Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Little is known about the predictors of loneliness in childhood and adolescence compared with late adulthood. Addressing the methodological limitations of recent studies on environment-loneliness associations, this study investigated the associations between a comprehensive list of built environment attributes in early life and longitudinal trajectories of loneliness from childhood to adolescence, considering together with demographic, personal, and social characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Built environment attributes at baseline (9–10 years of age) and the subsequent 4-year trajectories of loneliness (i.e., no, transitory, and chronic loneliness) were extracted from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study dataset. Participants resided in the West (34.40 %), South (28.30 %), Midwest (20.40 %), and Northeast (16.90 %) Census Regions in USA. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression examined the associations between the built environment attributes and the three trajectories, weighted by lifetime exposure to the attributes and covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Among 8638 children (mean age = 9.48, 47.46 % female) across the 4-year observations, 70.13 % presented no loneliness, 27.44 % transitory loneliness, and 2.43 % chronic loneliness. Among all built environment attributes and covariates, fewer social services, higher lead risk, higher noise and residential density, more alcohol outlets, and greater distance from major roads differentiated adolescents with transitory loneliness from no loneliness, whereas non-environmental individual attributes of female sex, higher internalizing symptoms, and higher personality trait of behavioral inhibition differentiated those with chronic loneliness from no loneliness.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Community support and urban planning should, on top of individualized assessment and interventions, be designed to encourage interactions between social groups within the physical spaces of cities, enhance the living environment, and address the social determinants of health for upholding child and adolescent mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the factors associated with preterm birth using evidence from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort: a retrospective geospatial study","authors":"Cristal Salatas ,&nbsp;Matt Hobbs ,&nbsp;Frank H. Bloomfield ,&nbsp;Tanith Alexander ,&nbsp;Clare R. Wall","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health concern with multifactorial causes. Modifiable factors, including nutrition and environmental influences, present opportunities for targeted intervention. This study examined associations between sociodemographic, nutritional, and environmental factors and PTB in a cohort of New Zealand (NZ) women.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data from 6822 mothers in the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort (2009–2010) were analysed to assess associations between sociodemographic characteristics, adherence to NZ food and nutrition guidelines, dietary patterns, micronutrient supplementation, and environmental factors (Healthy Location Index [HLI]) with PTB. Logistic and multilevel models were applied using RStudio.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 6667 births, 436 (6.6 %) were preterm. Most sociodemographic factors, including maternal age, parity, BMI, ethnicity, and area-level deprivation, were not significantly associated with PTB. Non-adherence to breads and cereals Ministry of Health guidelines reduced odds (OR = 0.64; 95 % CI: 0.43, 0.91; p = 0.01), while a ‘Junk’ dietary pattern (OR = 1.28; 95 % CI: 1.07, 1.52; p = 0.007) and not taking iron supplements after the first trimester (OR = 1.46; 95 % CI: 1.06, 2.00; p = 0.02) increased odds. Residing in rural areas with moderate urban influence also increased odds (OR = 2.44; 95 % CI: 1.18, 4.66; p = 0.01). HLI demonstrated no significant associations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adherence to recommended food groups (breads and cereals), junk dietary patterns, low iron supplement intake after the first trimester, and rural residence with moderate urban influence were associated with increased PTB odds. Addressing maternal nutrition and geographic disparities could help mitigate this risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating contested terrain: How place meanings shape health after homelessness","authors":"Maja Lindegaard Moensted ,&nbsp;Sophie Lewis ,&nbsp;Paul Haber ,&nbsp;Carolyn Day","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103598","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}