JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College最新文献

{"title":"Effiacy of nausicaa compression sutures in terms of PPH management","authors":"Yasmeen Muhammad Din, Shamila Ijaz Munir, Sodat Alqai, Sofia Iqbal","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT;
 BACKGROUND:Postpartum haemorrhage(PPH) is the most importantr cause of maternal death in Pakistan.Over 125,000 maternal deaths have been reported each year due to PPH. Major causes of PPH include uterine atony and haemorrhage from the placental bed. There is a recent increase in the rate of cesarean section which has increased the incidence of Placenta previa as well as placenta accreta spectrum. Apart from medical management, there are various conservative surgical interventions before imparting to hysterectomy such as uterine compression sutures which effectively secure hemostasis. The Nausicaa compression suture has been a new technique which effectively controls PPH in patients with uterine atony, placenta previa and accrete spectrum.
 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of Nausicaa compression sutures in patientswith PPH undergoing cesarean section.
 PATIENTS AND METHOD: This study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital,Lahore from 1st September2020 to 30th June,2022. Total of 80 patients who had PPH during cesarean section due to uterine atony or placenta previa spectrum were enrolled after informed consent. Nausicaa compression suture was applied to the anterior, posterior and both uterine walls where required.Successful procedure was those where only Nausicaa compression suture was sufficient to control PPH.
 RESULTS:The average age of patients was 30.3±4.2 years. There were 24(30%) primigravidas, 28(35%) were G2P1+0 and 28(35%) were multigravidas. The mean gestational age of patients was 37.58 weeks. 46 patients were operated on for indication of placenta previa. 6 patients had placenta accrete. 28 patients had other indications of LSCS. In 9 patients Nausicaa sutures were applied to the anterior uterine wall while in 71 patients to anterior and posterior uterine walls. In 62 patients Nausicaa suture was sufficient to control PPH. 10 patients required other interventions, while 8 patients required emergency hysterectomy due to intractable hemorrhage.
 CONCLUSION: The Nausicaa compression suture is an effective suture to control postpartum hemorrhage in patients with placenta previa and atonic uterus. It is most effective when applied to anterior and posterior both uterine walls separately.
 KEY WORDS: Post partum hemorrhage(PPH), Nausicaa Compression suture, Cesarean section.
","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"51 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Between Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone Iodine In Preventing Surgical Site Infection In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy","authors":"Usman Ali Rahman, Muhammad Adil Iftikhar, Iftikhar Ahmed, None Ch. Muhammad Atif Niaz, Maliha Javaid Butt, None Humaira Yousaf","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.146","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical site infection is one of the major postoperative complication resulting in an increase in both morbidity and mortality of the patient. Preoperative patients body surface preparation is one of the major factors in preventing surgical site infection. In this study we compared povidone iodine usually used disinfectant with chlorhexidine gluconate for surgical site infection
 MATERIALS & METHODS
 It was a cross sectional study conducted at General Surgery ward Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore from January 2021 to December 2022. A total of 200 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study through purposive sampling and then divided into two groups using lottery methods. In Group A peroperative patients skin preparation was done with 10% povidone iodine while in Group B 4% chlorhexidine gluconate was used for skin preparation. Patients with empyema gall bladder, gall bladder or gut perforation and laparoscopic procedures converted to open were excluded from this study.
 RESULTS
 In this study mean age of 45.8 ± 10.3 years with range from 25 to 65 years. In Group A mean age was 45.7 ± 10.8 years while in group B it was 45.8 ± 9.8 years. In Group A 12% wound infection was documented while in Group B it was only 4% (P-value 0.03).
 CONCLUSION
 Many antiseptic solutions are used for patient skin preparation before surgery which includes chlorhexidine gluconate, povidone iodine and alcohol. Among these solutions povidone iodine solution is commonly used. In our study we compared povidone iodine with chlorhexidine gluconate solution which showed less surgical site infection which shows chlorhexidine gluconate solution can be safely replaced with povidone iodine solution for skin preparation.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Iron replacement therapy in Pregnant Beta Thalassemia Carrier Patients with Coexisting Iron Deficiency Anemia.","authors":"Irem Iqbal, Ayesha Khalid, Kiran Iqbal, Tooba Fateen, Shaila Anwar","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.159","url":null,"abstract":"Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and β -Thalassemia trait are two prevalent etiologies of microcytic hypochromic anemia. Pregnant women with IDA face significant risk of short-term and long-term complications for mother and newborns. The incidence of concurrent thalassaemia trait and iron deficiency was reported to be quite high but despite the high prevalence of these two conditions, the diagnosis is often underestimated and not properly managed.&#x0D; OBJECTIVE; The present study was conducted to evaluate impact of iron therapy in pregnant beta thalassemia minor patients with iron deficiency anemia.&#x0D; METHODS; Study Group constitutes 60 beta thalassemia trait pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with Hb less than 11g/dl, HbA2 levels >3.5% on HPLC and low serum ferritin (<30 ng/mL).After the initial investigations, participants received iron supplementation as 60 mg elemental iron three times daily for duration of 8 weeks. After completing therapy, complete blood count and serum ferritin were performed.&#x0D; RESULTS; Iron replacement therapy results in effective increment in hemoglobin, red cell indices and Serum ferritin.&#x0D; CONCLUSION; Pregnant women with beta-thalassemia minor combined with IDA can receive Iron replacement therapy for improvement in Hemoglobin effectively.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"220 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPORTING HIGH RISK HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES IN OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY","authors":"Samreen Hameed, Sadia Anwar, Fakeha Rehman","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There can be a wide variety of space-occupying lesions in and around the orbit. These include congenital lesions, benign vascular lesions, inflammatory and infectious diseases and malignant neoplasms. In surgical pathology, the idea of a critical diagnosis in ophthalmic pathology entails a determination of the gravity of an anatomic finding and whether or not it was clinically predicted.If pertinent clinical information is included with the specimen before it is sent to the lab, pathologists are less likely to wrongly label a diagnosis as unexpected. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine critical diagnosis in different neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in ophthalmic pathology. Materials and methods: Eighty-six cases of different lesions in the orbit were collected from Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Results: For 29 benign lesions, the ages of the patients ranged from 1-60 years with a mean of 31.48 years ±14.43 SD. Cystic lesions were most common benign lesions. There were 27 malignant lesions of orbit. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the most frequent malignancies in adults whereas retinoblastoma was the most common tumor of children. Age ranged from 3-82 with a mean of 51.54 years ±24.58 SD. The lesions were more frequent in females. Conclusion: In this study of 86 cases of lesions in orbit, it was concluded that non-neoplastic cystic lesions including epidermal inclusion cyst and dermoid cysts were most common. Among the malignant tumors, basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor followed by squamous cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACTORS IMPACTING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG POPULATION; AN INSTITUTION BASED EXPERIENCE","authors":"None Fatima, None Athar Nayeem, None Afia Sarwar, None Atiya Begum","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.84","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT&#x0D; Objective: To determine the frequency of contributing factors in Myocardial Infarction in young population&#x0D; Study design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study&#x0D; Study was conducted over a period of six months in Medical Unit-II of Services Hospital, Lahore.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods: A total population of 149 young patients irrespective of their gender with age range from 15 to 45 years and suffering from myocardial infarction were included in this study. Relevant information comprising of presence or absence of Hypertension, Diabetes, Smoking, Dyslipidemia, Obesity, Hyperuricemia, and Family history of these selected cases were recorded in the data collection proforma and patients’ confidentiality was ensured.&#x0D; Results: Out of 149 patients, 101 (67.79%) were males and 48 (32.21%) were females with male to female ratio of 2.1:1. Age range in this study was from 15 to 45 years with mean age of 34.68 ± 6.93 years. Majority of the patients; 80 (53.69%) were between 30 to 45 years of age. Hypertension was reported in 57 (38.26%), Diabetes Mellitus in 28 (18.79%), smoking in 61 (40.94%), dyslipidemia in 80 (53.69%), obesity in 20 (13.42%), hyperuricemia in 21 (14.09%) and positive family history was seen in 30 (20.13%) patients.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study concluded that Hypertension, Diabetes, Smoking and Dyslipidemia constitute the common and most important contributing factors of Myocardial Infarction(MI) in young patients aged between 15 to 45 years.&#x0D; Keywords: Myocardial Infarction, young patients, factors.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"20 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"’FREQUENCY OF WORM INFESTATION AMONG PREGNANT FEMALES PRESENTING WITH ANEMIA TO DOCTORS TRUST TEACHING HOSPITAL SARGODHA","authors":"Zunaira Bajwa, Asifa Alia, Maria Hussain, Adnan Afzal, Zil-e-Huma Afzal, Maimoona Javed","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anemia is major contributor to maternal deaths as well as to low birth weight in developing countries. Association of anemia with helminthic infestation has been seen in the world and by eliminating it, anemia may be reduced with positive effects on maternal outcome.&#x0D; Methods: A cross sectional study done in Doctors trust teaching hospital Sargodha from 1st August 2019 to 31st July 2020 and total 130 patients were enrolled. Hemoglobin estimation and stool examination for parasitic infestation was done for all these women. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0.&#x0D; Results: From 130 patients, it was observed that the minimum age was 18 years and maximum age was 40 years with mean and standard deviation of the age was 29.86 ± 6.61 years. Mild anemia was observed in 45.4% patients, moderate anemia was observed in 26.9% patients and severe anemia was observed in 27.7% patients. The frequency of worm infestation was found as 17.7% in pregnant females presenting with anemia to a tertiary care hospital. Effect modifiers have significant influence except age and monthly income. Significant association was found between BMI and presence of worm infestation having p-value = 0.005.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"8 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF NASAL COLONIZATION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) IN PATIENTS ON CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS","authors":"Falak Shan, Ahmad Ijaz, Husham Ahmad, Adil Manzoor, None Irsa Andleeb, Altaf Ahmad","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT&#x0D; Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in the hemodialysis patient group and its colonization results in high risk of blood stream infection which increases all cause mortality in these patients. Anterior nares provide a suitable medium for these bacteria to survive and colonize. This study was conducted to check the occurrence of nasal colonization of MRSA in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis through different vascular accesses and its association with different risk factors such as diabetes, previous hospitalizations, antibiotic use and duration of hemodialysis.&#x0D; This study was conducted at a dialysis center of a quaternary care hospital with a sample size of 109 involving non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All data was analyzed through SPSS version 22. p-value of <0.05 was considered significant with a confidence interval of 95%. 73% of the patients were male and 25% were diabetic. The participants were divided into different age groups The occurrence of staphylococcus aureus was found out to be 26% out of which 11% were MRSA positive and 15% were MSSA positive.&#x0D; There was no significant association between the incidence of MRSA with age, gender, AV access, history of diabetes, previous hospitalizations or antibiotic use.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"7 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To assess prevalence of stress among all Emergency department staff at University of Child Health Sciences, The Children’s Hospital Lahore","authors":"Meher Muzafffar, Muhammad Shafqat, Muhammad Nasir Rana","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.112","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stress is a state of emotional exhaustion that is widely experienced by health care professional. It is commonly known that hospitals and health care providing institutes absorbs stress more than any other field. The doctors, nurses and paramedics have to be on their toes to provide quality lifesaving services.Thus it turns to be hectic both physically and emotionally and instigate stress among the staff. This study is descriptive in nature, and was conducted at emergency department of University of Child Health Sciences, The Children’s Hospital, including Medical and Surgical Emergencies during Jan 2021 to June 2021.&#x0D; Objective: The aim of current study is to know the prevalence of stress among the emergency department staff and to explore the associated factors o stress. Moreover, it is intended to identify the coping and stress management strategies employed by the emergency staff of UCHS.&#x0D; Methods: Data basing upon 96 participants was collected by filling predesigned questionnaires by every individual participated on level of stress through behavioral, emotional, and psychological aspects collected and 15-20 minutes had been served on each participant. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 which was based on themes and codes formulated from collected data. Before conducting the study, a preliminary coding was done from previous researches, which incorporated four levels of controlling aspect namely: behavioral, psychological, emotional and cognitive. Coding was done manually buy identifying common ideas of each member. The final transcripts made from questionnaires and interviews were reviewed by all researchers in form of group as well as individually to ensure validity of findings.&#x0D; Results: In this study, out if 96 participants, 59.38% (57) were Doctors, 37.50% (36) were Nurses and 3.13% (3) were paramedical staff. 65.63% (63) participants were female and34.38% (33) were male. 52.08% (50) participants were unmarried while 47.92% (46) participants were married. In the Emergency Department of this Hospital, the Doctors and Nurses are overburdened. Staff nurses were busy most in doing non-nursing activities (like nursing administrative work and clerical work), which increased their stress levels. Married and Female staff had faced more stress as compared to unmarried and male staff. Our study showed Stress level in emergency staff which is statistically significant.&#x0D; Conclusion: In the emergency department of our hospital, Doctors and Nurses are overburdened. Staff nurses were most of the time busy in doing non-nursing activities (e.g. Clerical work) which increased their stress levels. Stress management program for the staff nurses working in the emergency services is the need of the hour in our country. The High job-related stress levels suggest possible future work in this significant area for the benefit of patient care in emergency unit of hospital.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG PATIENTS OF HEPATITIS C PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"Attiya Arif, Muhammad Asad Saeed, Anas Ahmed Qureshi, Samia Arif, Adeeba Arif, Sana Abbasi, Ayesha Afzal","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.181","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Hepatitis C has evolved to become a global pandemic, equally affecting Pakistan as well. According to one WHO report the estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis C is 1% worldwide (71 million people) while Pakistan alone contributes more than 12 million people to this figure, with Punjab reporting the highest prevalence of 6.7%. This infection does not only affect the Liver but also produces extrahepatic manifestations in various organs like skin, blood, and gastrointestinal tract as well as leads to many autoimmune conditions. There are many more linked to hepatitis but still remains unclear hence in this study we aim to assess the frequency of metabolic syndrome and the distribution of its features among patients of hepatitis C.Methods: Conducted from 01.08.2019 to 02.01.2020 at Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore this cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 110 patients with hepatitis C presenting to the Outpatient Medicine Department. After informed consent, the demographic profile was noted in the proforma. The blood pressure and BMI of the patients were assessed using a standard protocol. A sample of 3ml of blood was taken for fasting lipid profile. Information regarding the study variable was recorded in the proforma and confidentiality of the data was ensured. SPSS was used to analyze the data.Results: Of the total 110 hepatitis C patients enrolled, 54.5% were male, the mean age was 41.06 ± 14.78 years and the mean duration of having hepatitisC was 6.76 ± 3.27 months. Metabolic syndrome was present in 31.8%of the total study participants. Further analysis revealed that metabolic syndrome was not significantly associated with age (p-value = 0.955), gender (p-value = 0.970), or duration of hepatitis C (p-value = 0.125).Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome affects 1 in every 3 patients of Hepatitis C presenting to the tertiary care hospital. Hence screening for metabolic syndrome must be performed among all patients suffering from hepatitis C from an early disease period and all such patients must be educated regarding prevention and control of this syndrome.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY OF BONE MARROW INVOLVEMENT IN PYREXIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN","authors":"Sarah Farrukh, None Ambareen Hamid, None Sobia Ashraf, None Rafeeda Maab, None Arsala Rashid, None Raana Akhtar","doi":"10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i3.100","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) dates back to 1961; it was described as a persistent fever above 38.3°C (100°F) that evades diagnosis for at least 3 weeks, including 1 week of investigation in hospital.(1) The causes of PUO can be considered in four categories: infective, inflammatory, neoplastic and miscellaneous. The relative prominence of each category has changed over time, with an increasing proportion of patients who remain undiagnosed, which may be up to 51% of cases.(2) In cases where bone involvement is suspected, bone marrow biopsy can serve as a diagnostic tool , for example, myeloproliferative disorders, preleukemias (due to acute myelogenous leukemia), Gaucher’s disease, lymphoma, Erdheim-Chester disease, miliary tuberculosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, multicentric Castleman’s disease, Whipple’s disease, or typhoid/enteric fever.(3) A relationship between pyrexia of unknown origin and utilizing bone marrow biopsy as a diagnostic modality will be an eye opener for the clinicians. It will stress them to incorporate bone marrow biopsy as a part and parcel of the investigations. This study will also help to know the current spectrum of diseases causing PUO in patients in this region.It will help the clinicians in better assessment of the patients and expedite the diagnostic procedure that will ultimately decrease the misery of the patients.","PeriodicalId":492993,"journal":{"name":"JAIMC Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College","volume":"13 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}