Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Otostegia fruticosa (Forssk.) – A comprehensive insight of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Otostegia fruticosa<!--> <!-->(Forssk.) is a shrub of the Lamiaceae family with a wide geographic distribution in Saudi Arabia, Western and Eastern Africa, Ethiopia, and the Middle East. The current study provides an overview of recent developments in the knowledge of<!--> <em>O. fruticosa</em>’s<!--> <!-->ethnobotanical, pharmacological, and phytochemical properties. In folkloric medicine, it has been used since ancient times for gastrointestinal disorders, oral health, ocular irritation, antiparasitic, diarrhea, tonsillitis, arthritis, respiratory complications, and sunstroke treatment. Pharmacological investigations of its antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, analgesic, larvicidal, nephroprotective, and other effects further validated its folklore practice. A range of diterpenoids, triterpenes, flavonoids, and essential oils have been found in<!--> <em>O. fruticosa</em>, according to phytochemical studies, which are thought to be responsible for the pharmacological effects of this plant species. This scientific review summarizes the most important secondary metabolites isolated from the <em>O</em>. <em>fruticosa</em>. It also summarizes the biological activities, providing insights into further scientific exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytochrome c and cancer cell metabolism: A new perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytochrome <em>c</em> is a vital electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. When the outer membrane of mitochondria becomes permeable, cytochrome <em>c</em> is discharged into the cytoplasm, where it initiates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The complex interaction between cytochrome <em>c</em> and apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) leads to the formation of the apoptosome and activation of a cascade of caspases, highlighting the critical role of cytochrome <em>c</em> in controlling cell death mechanisms. Additionally, cytochrome <em>c</em> undergoes post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, which intricately regulate its roles in both respiration and apoptosis. These modifications add layers of complexity to how cytochrome <em>c</em> effectively controls cellular functions. cytochrome <em>c</em> becomes a lighthouse in the intricate web of cancer, its expression patterns providing hints about prognosis and paths toward treatment. Reduced levels of cytochrome <em>c</em> have been observed in cancer tissues, indicating a potential inhibition of apoptosis. For instance, in glioma tissues, cytochrome <em>c</em> levels were lower compared to healthy tissues, and this reduction became more pronounced in advanced stages of the disease. However, the role of cytochrome <em>c</em> in cancer becomes more intricate as it becomes intertwined with the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. This suggests that cytochrome <em>c</em> plays a crucial role in tumor progression and resistance to treatment. Viewing cytochrome <em>c</em> as a molecular mosaic reveals that it is not merely a protein, but also a central player in determining cellular fate. This realization opens up exciting avenues for potential advancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. Despite the advancements made, the narrative surrounding cytochrome <em>c</em> remains incomplete, urging further exploration into its complexities and the biological implications linked to cancer. cytochrome <em>c</em> stands as a beacon of hope and a promising target for therapy in the battle against cancer, particularly due to its significant involvement in tumor metabolism. It holds the potential for a future where innovative solutions can be developed to address the intricate challenges of cellular fate. In this review, we have endeavored to illuminate the multifaceted domain of cytochrome <em>c</em> drawing connections among apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and the Warburg effect in the context of cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rise of implantable drugs: A chronicle of breakthroughs in drug delivery systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, implantable drug delivery systems (IDDSs) have undergone significant advancements because they offer many advantages to patients and health care professionals. Miniaturization has reduced the size of these devices, making them less invasive and easier to implant. Remote control provides more precise medication delivery and dosage. Biodegradable implants are an additional advancement in implantable drug delivery systems that eliminate the need for surgical removal. Smart implants can monitor a patient’s condition and adjust their drug doses. Long-acting implants also provide sustained drug delivery for months or even years, eliminating the need for regular medication dosing, and wireless power and data transmission technology enables the use of devices that are more comfortable and less invasive. These innovations have enhanced patient outcomes by enabling more precise administration, sustained drug delivery, and improved health care monitoring. With continued research and development, it is anticipated that IDDSs will become more effective and provide patients with improved health outcomes. This review categorizes and discusses the benefits and limitations of recent novel IDDSs for their potential therapeutic use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of obesity burden in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and associated co-morbidities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Saudi Arabia has experienced an increasing trend in obesity prevalence in the last three decades; obesity is a significant risk factor for non-communicable diseases, which may cause healthcare and economic burdens. In this systematic review, we aim to explore the obesity prevalence, obesity-related complications (ORCs), and the economic burden of obesity in Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Literature searches for relevant local studies across Saudi Arabia spanning 2012 to 2022 were performed in PubMed and EMBASE, along with supplementary searches for relevant congress abstracts. Only studies that discussed obesity prevalence in Saudi Arabia in relation to any gender or age group, the prevalence of ORCs in Saudi Arabia for any gender or age group, and/or the economic burden of obesity and how it impacts the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia, and were published in the English language, were selected for inclusion. No age or gender restrictions were imposed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia ranged from 20% to 39% and up to 19.4% among adults and adolescents, respectively. The most reported ORCs were hypertension (67.6%), type 2 diabetes (60.7%), and hypercholesterolaemia (51.3%), and an association between obesity and ORCs was established, showing an increased risk with increasing body mass index. The economic burden of obesity across Saudi Arabia was estimated to be 6.4 billion US dollars (USD) for treatment and management.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Obesity affects a substantial proportion of the Saudi general population and is a significant burden on individuals, as demonstrated by the prevalence of ORCs. Multifaceted, short- and long-term approaches involving interventions that operate at multiple levels and target both individuals and communities are urgently needed; there is a particular need for a national strategy and a specific, systems-based policy. Further research will help increase awareness of obesity and its management, which will be crucial for transforming the healthcare system under <span><span>Vision 2030</span></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Captagon: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis (1962–2024) of its global impact, health and mortality risks","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Captagon is a synthetic stimulant combining amphetamine and theophylline. Initially introduced in 1961 as a treatment for hyperactivity, depression, and narcolepsy, Captagon was later classified as a Schedule 1 controlled substance due to its addictive and hallucinogenic properties. Despite its global prohibition in 1986, the trade of counterfeit products is widespread, especially in south-east Europe and far-east Asia, with its production being on the rise in Middle Eastern regions. This paper presents a quantitative data-driven bibliometric analysis of the existing literature on Captagon up to July 2024. It aims to delineate the structure and development of knowledge surrounding the substance, including key contributing countries, authors, prominent sources, and recurring thematic keywords. The quantitative and data-driven results were then used to guide the narrative discussion on Captagon. Findings indicate that current research predominantly focuses on Captagon’s use and impact in conflict zones, often exploring its interaction with other substances used by civilians and militias. Results also show a growing trend in Captagon research, with Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Iraq emerging as main contributors to the literature. Despite the attention in specific regions, a considerable gap remains in understanding the mechanisms of action of Captagon (particularly regarding its metabolism, toxicology, mortality risk), and in developing protocols for its discontinuation. Additionally, the drug’s inconsistent composition requires further analyses to better predict risks and establish effective management strategies. Addressing these gaps will be crucial for the development of novel interventions and policies to mitigate the adverse effects of Captagon and improve public health systems worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological investigations of newly synthesized oxazolones and imidazolones as COX-2 inhibitors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxazoles and Imidazoles are heterocyclic compounds with significant biological activities. The present study explores the pharmacological effects of some new oxazole and imidazole derivatives as potential COX-2 inhibitors. Docking studies of the compounds against targeted proteins COX-2 and TACE manifested good binding affinities for both the targets supporting their anti-inflammatory potential. Compounds (3F-A, 3F-B, N-A, N-B) were evaluated for <em>in vivo</em> anti-inflammatory effects by carrageenan-induced paw edema. Among all, compound N-A was found to be the most effective as it displayed most pronounced reduction in inflammation that was comparable to indomethacin. The <em>in vivo</em> tissue antioxidant activity was performed for estimation of the level of catalase, GSH, GST, and thiobarbituric acid in paw tissue. The results exhibited that targeted compounds improved the oxidative stress and restored the expression of enzymes. H &amp;E staining revealed that aforesaid compounds displayed well-defined restoration of cellular damage. Compound NA exhibited maximum structural and functional preservation. Reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers was also analyzed by ELISA and maximum reduction in protein expression (COX-2 and TNF-a) was observed for compound N-B. Quantification of mRNA was done using PCR and a decrease in the expression of COX-2 mRNA level in treatment groups was depicted by all the new compounds but N-B showed maximum reduction in enzyme expression. All the results obtained from the present study have shown the significant anti-inflammatory potential of new compounds via the COX-2 inhibition pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating the 30th Anniversary of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: A Special Issue","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue. In addressing the threat of multidrug resistant bacterial infections, carbapenems have been used. The carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacterales</em> (CRE) are, however, rapidly expanding worldwide. Since the issue of CRE is also a problem in Saudi Arabia, the current meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively evaluate the resistance rates to the main carbapenem antibiotics and determine the actual prevalence of CRE in the country. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was followed. Different web databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched for relevant records. Data were extracted, and summary estimates for resistance to carbapenems were calculated using DerSimonian-Laird method of meta-analysis and the random-effects model. From a total of 787 retrieved records, 69 studies were found fully eligible and were included in the final analyses. More than 50 % of all the studies were conducted after 2010, and the most frequently examined members of the <em>Enterobacterales</em> were <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. The pooled prevalence estimate for imipenem resistance was 6.6 % (95 % CI: 4.7–9.2), 9.1 % (95 % CI: 6.7–12.3) for meropenem, and 18.6 % (95 % CI: 11.9–27.9) for ertapenem. High heterogeneity (<em>I²</em> &gt; 97 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) was observed for all the estimates. Compared to other regions of the country, there was higher resistance rates in the Al-Qassim and Al-Jouf provinces. Additionally, resistance to ertapenem was as high as 34.2 % in the most recent study period (2021–2024). <em>Proteus spp</em> was the most prevalent CRE (26.2 %). This review highlights an increasing rate of carbapenem resistance among <em>Enterobacterales</em>, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to implement strict infection control and prevention measures. Consistent surveillance is indispensable for safeguarding public health, guiding clinical decisions, and strengthening efforts to tackle the challenges of antibiotic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salubrious effects of proanthocyanidins on behavioral phenotypes and DNA repair deficiency in the BTBR mouse model of autism","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder distinguished by impaired social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Global estimates indicate that autism affects approximately 1.6% of children, with the condition progressively becoming more prevalent over time. Despite noteworthy progress in autism research, the condition remains untreatable. This serves as a driving force for scientists to explore new approaches to disease management. Autism is linked to elevated levels of oxidative stress and disturbances in the DNA repair mechanism, which may potentially play a role in its comorbidities development. The current investigation aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of the naturally occurring flavonoid proanthocyanidins on the behavioral characteristics and repair efficacy of autistic BTBR mice. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for these effects were clarified. The present findings indicate that repeated administration of proanthocyanidins effectively reduces altered behavior in BTBR animals without altering motor function. Proanthocyanidins decreased oxidative DNA strand breaks and accelerated the rate of DNA repair in autistic animals, as evaluated by the modified comet test. In addition, proanthocyanidins reduced the elevated oxidative stress and recovered the disrupted DNA repair mechanism in the autistic animals by decreasing the expressions of <em>Gadd45a</em> and <em>Parp1</em> levels and enhancing the expressions of <em>Ogg1</em>, <em>P53</em>, and <em>Xrcc1</em> genes. This indicates that proanthocyanidins have significant potential as a new therapeutic strategy for alleviating autistic features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of compounds from Origanum compactum and Origanum elongatum using HPLC/UV-ESI-MS and comparative analysis of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic properties","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102184","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The aim was to assess the phytochemical composition, phenolic component levels, and biological properties of the flowering tops of &lt;em&gt;Origanum compactum&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Origanum elongatum&lt;/em&gt;. The study employed phytochemical assays, spectrophotometric techniques for quantitative analysis of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, and compound identification using HPLC/UV-ESI-MS. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic properties were examined both &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt;. The results showed that the &lt;em&gt;O. compactum&lt;/em&gt; extract had significantly high levels of total polyphenols, measuring 47.368 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram, and flavonoids, measuring 14.839 mg quercetin equivalents per gram. The phytochemical examination of &lt;em&gt;O. compactum&lt;/em&gt; revealed that lithospermic acid accounted for 36.82 % of the chemicals detected, followed by salvianolic acid C at 12.57 % and ros-marinic acid at 6.01 %. The main constituents of &lt;em&gt;O. elongatum&lt;/em&gt; are salvianolic acid C (14.46 %), luteolin-3-O-glucuronide (13.51 %), salvianolic acid B (12.24 %), rosmarinic acid (7.83 %), and rutin (6.18 %). The results demonstrated different levels of effectiveness against the investigated microorganisms, with the extract from &lt;em&gt;O. compactum&lt;/em&gt; exhibiting better activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, certain yeasts, and the fungus Aspergillus niger. The aqueous extracts of both &lt;em&gt;Origanum&lt;/em&gt; species demonstrate significant antioxidant activity. &lt;em&gt;O. compactum&lt;/em&gt; has a higher total antioxidant capacity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 35.083 μg/mL) compared to &lt;em&gt;O. elongatum&lt;/em&gt; (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 77.080 μg/mL). However, &lt;em&gt;O. elongatum&lt;/em&gt; has a higher reducing power (35.697 μg/mL) compared to &lt;em&gt;O. compactum&lt;/em&gt; (42.563 μg/mL). &lt;em&gt;In vivo&lt;/em&gt; evaluations revealed that the aqueous extracts of &lt;em&gt;O. compactum&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;O. elongatum&lt;/em&gt; possess significant antihyperglycemic and anticoagulant properties. The extracts demonstrated a marked reduction in blood glucose levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Wistar rats and effectively prolonged both prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), highlighting their ability to inhibit coagulation pathways. Moreover, their comparable efficacy to standard antihyperglycemic medications and absence of severe toxicity, even at high doses, underscore their therapeutic potential for safe and effective treatment applications. Between the two species, &lt;em&gt;O. compactum&lt;/em&gt; exhibited superior efficacy in key biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticoagulant properties, making it a strong candidate for therapeutic applications. This study underscores the value of &lt;em&gt;Origanum&lt;/em&gt; species as a rich source of bioactive compounds, offering significant potential in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and agri-food industries. The findings pave the way for further exploration of their diverse ","PeriodicalId":49257,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}