Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Intraparticle Diffusion in Kinetic Model Discrimination: Proof of Concept Testing for Methanol Dehydration","authors":"Oleksii Zhokh,&nbsp;Andrii Trypolskyi,&nbsp;Peter Strizhak","doi":"10.1002/apj.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rate of a heterogeneous catalytic process may simultaneously be described by several rate equations. In this case, discrimination between the plausible kinetic models is required. An intrinsic kinetic model of a heterogeneous catalytic process may successively be discriminated by the transition from a reaction rate-limited regime to an intraparticle diffusion-limited regime. The effectiveness factor for competing kinetic models sometimes follows notably different trends versus reactant concentration. Therefore, taking the effectiveness factor into account provides one with an instrument for the selection of the most realistic kinetic model. The proof of concept is demonstrated using exemplary kinetics of the methanol dehydration over a commercially available activated <i>γ</i>-alumina catalyst. Methanol dehydration is an important commercial process since it produces a valuable chemical, which is dimethyl ether. It has been shown previously that this process follows the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics with either dissociative or associative methanol adsorption. With the utilization of the intraparticle diffusion approach, it is demonstrated that only a dissociative path is appropriate. The problem of the experimental evaluation of the effectiveness factor and the limitations of the approach are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Evaporation Characteristics and Safe Storage Duration of Marine Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tanks Under the Coupling Effect of Heat Leakage and Sloshing","authors":"Yan Deng,&nbsp;Wenfeng Wu,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhao,&nbsp;Rongsheng Lin,&nbsp;Liangyi Sun,&nbsp;Youfei Liu","doi":"10.1002/apj.70237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquid hydrogen, a zero-carbon and high–energy-density fuel, is a promising option for future oceangoing vessels. During maritime transportation, onboard cryogenic tanks are exposed to ambient heat leakage and ship-induced roll motion, which can trigger sloshing and fundamentally modify the coupled thermo-fluid processes governing boil-off and pressurization. In this study, a transient two-dimensional multiphysics model is established to simulate a liquid-hydrogen storage tank under prescribed roll-type oscillations with heat leakage. A stationary case is considered in parallel as a baseline, enabling quantitative comparisons of temperature evolution, vapor accumulation, free-surface response, and pressure rise between motionless and oscillatory conditions. The results show that roll-induced sloshing markedly accelerates pressurization and reduces the safety margin: the lossless storage duration decreases from 9.0 h under stationary conditions to as low as 3.2 h under high-frequency excitation. Increasing the oscillation amplitude from 5° to 15° intensifies interfacial disturbance and convective transport, thereby accelerating vapor generation and shortening the lossless storage duration from 6.6 to 4.1 h. Decreasing the oscillation period from 12 to 3 s increases the maximum liquid level from 140.9 to 170.7 mm, raises the daily evaporation rate by approximately 2.72%, and reduces the lossless storage duration from 7.6 to 3.2 h. Moreover, the initial fill level is identified as a critical factor under sloshing: At 150 s, the pressure increases from approximately 102.78 kPa at 10% fill to 106.43 kPa at 90% fill due to reduced vapor headspace and enhanced sensitivity to vapor accumulation. Overall, the tank's safe operation is governed by the coupled effects of oscillation intensity (amplitude), excitation frequency (period), and fill level. These findings provide quantitative evidence for establishing safety margins and for mitigating pressurization and boil-off losses through appropriate motion control and filling/operational strategies for onboard liquid-hydrogen storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Gravimetric, Electrochemical, and Computational Research on Benzothiophene Derivatives as Effective Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel","authors":"Nhlanhla G. Chirwa,&nbsp;Motsie Elija Mashuga,&nbsp;Mohammad Salman,&nbsp;Indra Bahadur","doi":"10.1002/apj.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Four benzothiophenes, thianaphthene (BT-1), 3-bromothianaphthene (BT-2), benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde (BT-3), and benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonitrile (BT-4), were tested as mild steel corrosion inhibitors in 1-M HCl. The compounds have the similar benzothiophene core but differ in the substituents bound to the ring. The effect of the -Br, -CN, and -HCO groups on the inhibition performance of thianaphthene was investigated. The PDP and EIS results showed that the derivatives all had significant inhibition strength in the following order: BT-4 &gt; BT-2 &gt; BT-3 &gt; BT-1. PDP analysis results revealed that the inhibitors were primarily mixed-type in nature, and EIS confirmed the formation of a protective adsorbed layer on the steel surface. The Langmuir isotherm was used to determine the adsorption of the BTs derivatives, and the results of calculating Gibbs free energy values revealed a mixed mechanism of physisorption and chemisorption. Spectroscopic studies revealed that aromatic rings and heteroatoms play an active role in the formation of the Fe-inhibitor complex. The results of DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were consistent with the experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Enhancement of Heat Transfer Performance in Sintered-Core Heat Pipes Using CuO Nanofluid","authors":"Dawei Yan,&nbsp;Kaiyu Dong,&nbsp;Sisi Yao,&nbsp;Lei Gao,&nbsp;Weijie Sun,&nbsp;Qian Zhou,&nbsp;Zixi Yu,&nbsp;Shuang Wang","doi":"10.1002/apj.70252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the design and construction of an experimental system for evaluating the thermal performance of heat pipes, using sintered-wick heat pipes charged with CuO nanofluids. The device used in this study is a sintered-wick heat pipe, in which the liquid return is driven by capillary forces within the porous wick structure. The effects of nanoparticle concentration and fill ratio on heat pipe performance were systematically investigated. A comparative analysis was performed between CuO nanofluid heat pipes and conventional deionised water heat pipes, focusing on thermal resistance, single heat pipe heat transport capacity and thermal start-up performance. The results demonstrate that the effective thermal conductivity of a single heat pipe increases with increasing nanoparticle concentration, with an optimal liquid fill ratio of 40%–50% for heat pipes charged with 1.5 wt.% CuO nanofluid. Furthermore, under identical heating power, CuO nanofluid heat pipes exhibit a significantly faster thermal response time, with start-up time reduced by approximately 1–2 s compared with those of conventional heat pipes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-Friendly Aqueous Polymeric Binders for High-Performance Graphite Anodes: Structure–Property Insights for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Bayram Devlet,&nbsp;Humberto Garcia Castellanos,&nbsp;Yashar Aryanfar,&nbsp;Jorge Luis García Alcaraz,&nbsp;Ali Keçebaş","doi":"10.1002/apj.70243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) is commonly used as a binder material in the preparation of anode or cathode electrode slurries for commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs). High-cost PVdF binder generally requires the use of toxic and environmentally unfriendly <i>N</i>-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent for dissolution. Transitioning to electrode synthesis with low-cost and nontoxic aqueous binders provides a breakthrough toward achieving fully sustainable and environmentally friendly LIBs. Considering these considerations, graphite anodes with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose/styrene-butadiene rubber (CMC/SBR), and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) as novel water-soluble binders are manufactured, analysed, and compared with graphite anode with the conventional PVdF binder. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the relevant binders, the synthesized electrodes undergo various electrochemical analyses and material characterization techniques. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the graphite anode electrode with PVA binder delivered the highest initial discharge capacity of 412 mAh/g with a Coulombic efficiency of 91% and the highest discharge capacity of 359 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 70 mA/g with superior capacity retention and rate performance of 292 mAh/g at 700 mA/g. These results highlight the potential of PVA to improve electrode performance, making it a functional and eco-friendly water-soluble binder option for LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexity Analysis of Bubble Plumes in Power Law Fluids Based on Chaos Theory","authors":"Xin Dong,&nbsp;Chong Dong,&nbsp;Can Xue,&nbsp;Meiheng Peng,&nbsp;Ying Feng,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yinuo Liu","doi":"10.1002/apj.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to reveal the complexity of the internal flow of bubble plume in power law fluid, the flow characteristics and chaotic characteristics of plume are studied by experiment and theory. The chaotic characteristic parameters (correlation dimension <i>D</i>, <i>K</i> entropy, and Lyapunov exponent <i>λ</i>) of gas velocity under different superficial gas velocities and liquid concentrations are analyzed. With the increase of superficial gas velocity and concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) aqueous solution, the values of chaotic characteristic parameters all increase. The rheological characteristics of the liquid phase have a significant effect on the flow field and chaotic characteristics. According to the power spectrum of velocity signal, the chaotic characteristics of the velocity are significant in power law fluid, and the energy of the flow field is high. The disorder of the gas phase becomes intense with the motion of the plume, and the energy of velocity signal increases. The complexity of gas–liquid two-phase flow field was revealed, laying the foundation for the study of the flow mechanism of gas–liquid two-phase flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a Self-Generated Particle Plugging Agent Based on Thermosetting Resin","authors":"Baolei Jiao,&nbsp;Lifeng Chen,&nbsp;Minghao Xue,&nbsp;Xuemin Yan,&nbsp;Jiamin Zhang,&nbsp;Feifan Liu","doi":"10.1002/apj.70246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70246","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A thermosetting in situ curing resin microsphere system has been developed. It has controllable phase transition time and particle size. This system addresses the current challenges of low strength, shear susceptibility, and short phase transition time in polymer microsphere blockers and thermoplastic particle blockers. This system is in liquid form under low temperature conditions on the ground and has a relatively good flowability, with an average viscosity of 6.7 mPa·s between 50°C and 90°C. The liquid-phase microspheres in the system solution can transform into solid particles after a certain period at high reservoir temperatures, thereby sealing the pore spaces. The impact of resin, crosslinking agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, and auxiliary dispersants on the system performance was studied. The optimal formula for the system was determined to be 12% cashew phenol modified epoxy resin + 4.5% oil-based imidazole + 0.45% DMP-30 + 4% closed-type hydrophilic aliphatic polyisocyanate + 4% OP-10 + 0.6% silica sol. Experimental results showed that the phase transition time of the system at 90°C is 8 h, with the median particle size of the produced resin microspheres being 41 μm and a microsphere yield of 98.1%. Mechanical property tests and indoor sand-packed core displacement tests revealed that the microsphere particles produced by this system have a crushing rate of 5.57% under a pressure of 50 MPa and exhibit good sealing ability for high-permeability channels, with a sealing rate exceeding 90%. The system shows promising potential for wide application.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-Absorptive Heat Transport in Buoyancy-Driven MHD Nanofluids Flow With Cross-Diffusion and Chemical Interaction Effects Over a Vertical Moving Plate","authors":"B. Prabhakar Reddy,&nbsp;Jumanne Mng'ang'a,&nbsp;P. V. Kanaka Rao","doi":"10.1002/apj.70254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70254","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This article investigates the Soret–Dufour cross-diffusion effects on radiation-absorptive unsteady free-convection of magnetized nanofluids (\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;TiO&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;–&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;water&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Cu&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;–&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;water&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) flow over a vertical moving permeable plate. The model integrates thermal source, chemical reactions, porous resistance, and thermal radiation. The water-based nanofluids mixing two different nanoparticles \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Cu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;TiO&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; are adopted in this analysis due to their superior heat transfer characteristics. The ultimate systematized set of nondimensional partial derivatives determined via the appropriate transformations and then tackled by the computational technique of finite difference semi-implicit scheme. The pertinent results concerning the impacts of emerging parameters on the flow fields including the skin-friction, thermal, and mass gradients are explained by graphical and tabular formats. The final outcomes unveiled that temperature field condensed for both nanofluids by thermal radiation, but contrary progress was remarked with thermal source, nanoparticle's concentration, radiation absorption, and Dufour effects. The velocity field profiles expanded due to the thermal source, radiation absorption, and cross-diffusion effects for both nanofluids whereas converse trend was detected by the magnetic field, nanoparticle's concentration, and radiation. An upsurge in the Schmidt number and reactive reagent caused to depreciate concentration field for both nanofluids. The skin-friction raised at the wall for both nanofluids by Soret and Dufour impacts, but magnetic field exposed opposite effect. Likewise, heat transfer rate amplified at the wall by thermal source, Dufour effect, and thermal radiation. Remarkably, heat transfer rate raised-up to \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2.8&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; when dissolving \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; of \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Cu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt; nanoparticles in base-fluid water, but for the same amount of \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;TiO&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; nanoparticles, it was significantly raised up to \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;6.9&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Further, higher velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are detected for \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;TiO&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;–&lt;/","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-CO2 Batteries: By-Product Challenges and Practical Pathways for Low CO2 Concentration Environment","authors":"Sungmin Choi,&nbsp;Sooyeon Seok,&nbsp;Changmin Kim","doi":"10.1002/apj.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal-CO₂ batteries have recently emerged as an intriguing class of energy storage and conversion devices that simultaneously utilize and manage carbon dioxide. Originating from studies of CO₂ contamination in metal-air batteries, these systems have evolved into a distinct research direction, offering insights into CO₂ electrochemistry and its potential for sustainable energy technologies. Despite notable advances, their progress toward practical applications is fundamentally limited by the formation and decomposition of insoluble by-products such as carbonates and amorphous carbon, which govern rechargeability, efficiency, and long-term stability. This review critically examines recent progress in metal-CO₂ batteries with an emphasis on discharge and charge mechanisms, the formation and evolution of solid by-products, and the experimental limitations associated with closed-cell configurations. We summarize key mechanistic insights reported for different metal-CO₂ systems and discuss how catalyst composition and electronic structure influence adsorption behavior, reaction pathways, and overpotential. From a practical perspective, this review discusses metal-CO₂ batteries by classifying them into reversible systems, which temporarily store and release CO₂, and irreversible systems, which enable permanent CO₂ sequestration by coupling the discharge process with alternative anodic reactions. The former are discussed in the context of mobile and flexible energy storage applications, whereas the latter are considered for stationary integration with carbon capture, provided that challenges related to product management and economic viability can be addressed. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges for advancing metal-CO₂ batteries beyond model systems, including catalyst durability, operation under low CO₂ concentrations, and system-level considerations relevant to practical implementation. This review provides a structured perspective on current limitations and outlines future research directions for metal-CO₂ batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-CO2 Batteries: By-Product Challenges and Practical Pathways for Low CO2 Concentration Environment","authors":"Sungmin Choi,&nbsp;Sooyeon Seok,&nbsp;Changmin Kim","doi":"10.1002/apj.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal-CO₂ batteries have recently emerged as an intriguing class of energy storage and conversion devices that simultaneously utilize and manage carbon dioxide. Originating from studies of CO₂ contamination in metal-air batteries, these systems have evolved into a distinct research direction, offering insights into CO₂ electrochemistry and its potential for sustainable energy technologies. Despite notable advances, their progress toward practical applications is fundamentally limited by the formation and decomposition of insoluble by-products such as carbonates and amorphous carbon, which govern rechargeability, efficiency, and long-term stability. This review critically examines recent progress in metal-CO₂ batteries with an emphasis on discharge and charge mechanisms, the formation and evolution of solid by-products, and the experimental limitations associated with closed-cell configurations. We summarize key mechanistic insights reported for different metal-CO₂ systems and discuss how catalyst composition and electronic structure influence adsorption behavior, reaction pathways, and overpotential. From a practical perspective, this review discusses metal-CO₂ batteries by classifying them into reversible systems, which temporarily store and release CO₂, and irreversible systems, which enable permanent CO₂ sequestration by coupling the discharge process with alternative anodic reactions. The former are discussed in the context of mobile and flexible energy storage applications, whereas the latter are considered for stationary integration with carbon capture, provided that challenges related to product management and economic viability can be addressed. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges for advancing metal-CO₂ batteries beyond model systems, including catalyst durability, operation under low CO₂ concentrations, and system-level considerations relevant to practical implementation. This review provides a structured perspective on current limitations and outlines future research directions for metal-CO₂ batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.70244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}