{"title":"Usual and unusual phonological processes in monolingual and bilingual French-speaking children.","authors":"Margaret Kehoe","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2475064","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2475064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the phonological acquisition literature, a distinction is made between usual and unusual phonological processes. Usual processes are present in the speech of young children with typical development (TD), whereas unusual processes are infrequent. Studies, however, have documented unusual processes in the speech of bilingual children. This study examines the frequency of usual and unusual phonological processes in the speech of French-speaking monolingual and bilingual children with TD. Three existing datasets were analysed. Each dataset contained the speech productions of 40 children with a mean age of 2;5-2;6 (for a total number of 78 monolingual and 42 bilingual participants). Two datasets were obtained through picture-naming tasks; one dataset contained spontaneous speech samples. Results indicated that both sets of phonological processes were of low frequency across all children. Only two usual processes, <i>cluster reduction</i> and <i>palatal fronting</i>, were present in 10% or more children in all three datasets. Unusual processes were less frequent than typical processes, although two unusual processes, unusual cluster reduction and palatalisation of /s/ were also present in the speech of 10% or more children in one of the three datasets. There were few differences in the frequency of unusual processes in bilingual versus monolingual children. We provide a tentative list of usual versus unusual phonological processes in French, which may prove useful for clinicians when diagnosing speech sound disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"25-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speech and language skills in a case of Watson syndrome.","authors":"Tom Van Boxel-Woolf, Kathleen M McCarthy","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2472051","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2472051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Watson syndrome is a rare genetic condition partly characterised by developmental delays and learning difficulties. A profile of speech and language skills associated with this developmental syndrome is yet to be described in the literature. In order to address this gap, this study presents the case of an 18-year-old man with Watson syndrome and reports both standardised and naturalistic assessments of speech, language, oro-motor skills, and semantic and phonemic fluency. Analyses included norm-referencing, discrepancy comparison, phonological process analysis, and acoustic analyses of voice and conversational fluency. The participant's semantic fluency approximated to the 84<sup>th</sup> percentile and the vocabulary, voice, and receptive language measures were within standard normative range. In contrast, expressive language difficulties and articulatory difficulties associated with impaired oro-motor skills were apparent. Specific tongue-motor difficulty impeded oral diadochokinesis, with gliding, stopping, and cluster reduction among the phonological processes observed to mitigate oro-motor difficulties. Language scores were lowest on tasks of working memory, syntax, and pragmatics, however neither syntax nor pragmatics presented increased difficulty in naturalistic conversation, indicating an influence of reduced working memory on language performance. The absence of explicit cognitive or communicative difficulty suggests specific speech and language difficulties. To conclude, the findings are discussed from both clinical and theoretical perspectives. Watson syndrome and the aetiology of communication difficulties are suggested as directions for future research, to validate these findings and diversify understanding of inclusive communication approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphosyntactic and lexical features in 5;0-6;0 years old Persian-speaking children with a history of late-talking: A 3 years follow up.","authors":"Seyedeh Fatemeh Ebrahimian, Mozhgan Asadi, Masoomeh Salmani","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2496471","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2496471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This longitudinal study compared morphosyntactic and lexical skills in Persian-speaking children aged 5;0-6;0 with a history of late-talking (LT, n=28) and typically developing peers (TD, n=26). Participants, initially assessed at 30 months (31 LT, 32 TD), were matched for age and socioeconomic status. Language skills were evaluated using the Test of Language Development (TOLD), mean length of utterance in morphemes (MLUm), Persian developmental sentence scoring (PDSS), a<sup>2</sup> (Maas), number of total words (NTW), and number of different words (NDW). Results showed that 10 LT children improved (classified as improved LTs) but still scored below TD peers. Improved LTs outperformed unimproved LTs. TD children significantly surpassed both LT groups in morphosyntactic and lexical measures. Stepwise linear regression identified expressive vocabulary size (MCDI-II: Words) and NDW at 30 months as significant predictors of later MLUm and PDSS scores in the combined sample (LT+TD) at 5;0-6;0 years. Despite compensatory progress, LT children remained at the lower end of the normal range, underscoring the need for ongoing monitoring and early intervention during critical developmental periods. Smaller expressive vocabularies at 30 months correlated with persistent delays, highlighting the importance of targeted support for high-risk cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy Smith, Anja Kuschmann, Eleanor Lawson, Maria Cairney, Joanne Cleland
{"title":"Instrumental articulatory techniques investigating lingual variability in typically developing children: A scoping review.","authors":"Amy Smith, Anja Kuschmann, Eleanor Lawson, Maria Cairney, Joanne Cleland","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2486626","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2486626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scoping review was designed to provide an overview of instrumental articulatory techniques used to investigate lingual variability in typically developing children. Despite extensive research on phonological acquisition, the development of speech motor control in children is less understood. Kinematic studies in this area have focused on children under 10, but adolescents' speech and the attainment of adult-like motor control remains under-researched. This review includes studies using instrumental techniques such as Ultrasound Tongue Imaging (UTI), Electropalatography (EPG) and Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) to measure spatial and temporal articulatory features using a variety of metrics. Studies show greater articulatory variability in children compared to adults; however, inconsistencies in methodologies and participant samples limit the ability to synthesise findings effectively. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies spanning childhood and adolescence, using techniques that are easily incorporated into clinical practice. A detailed understanding of typical articulatory variability across different age ranges is crucial for identifying speech disorders and improving clinical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"78-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Picturing immediate echolalia within the context of autism: Examining its formats, actions and patterns under conversation analysis.","authors":"Lele Xu, Xiuxiu Shen, Wen Ma, Haiying Li","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2024.2383914","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2024.2383914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echolalia, a prevalent feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), has been extensively debated among behaviourists and developmental researchers for decades, long segmenting clinical work within the context of autism. This qualitative study aimed to explore the interactive underpinnings of immediate echolalia naturally occurring in dyadic conversation between autistic individuals and clinicians, employing turn-by-turn and sequence-by-sequence analysis within the framework of Conversation Analysis (CA). The results revealed that varying the complete-incomplete-transformed format, echolalia helped participants a) express their emotions, b) automatically associate conversation, c) organise their response, d) maintain conversational reciprocity, and e) assist with request initiation. Within the context of echolalia, the dynamics of conversation exhibited blocking, diverting, or affiliating patterns. The current study provides insights into the interactive traits of immediate echolalia and underscores the potential utility for clinical therapists to employ the echoic sources in clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"1093-1116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disruptions in lexical and speech entrainment: Multidimensional insights from English school-age late talkers.","authors":"Yanting Sun, Hongwei Ding","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2464553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2464553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Late talkers, despite achieving normal language test scores by age five, often face enduring conversational challenges. This study examines whether school-age children identified as late talkers at 24 months show persistent disruptions in speech and lexical entrainment. We analysed spontaneous conversational samples from 36 late talkers and 37 typically developing five-year-olds, examining lexical entrainment patterns in high-frequency, hedge, and affirmative cue words and speech entrainment of 412 acoustic features (rhythmic, articulatory, and phonatory dimensions). Perceptual conversational quality scores were provided by raters, while cross-recurrence quantification analysis measured speech entrainment patterns. Sham conversations and machine learning identified key predictors distinguishing late talkers from controls. Our results revealed that late talkers perceptually exhibited lower conversational quality. Late talkers showed significantly lower lexical entrainment in high-frequency words but comparable use of hedge words and increased use of affirmative cue words. In speech entrainment, late talkers exhibited intermittent rather than consistent entrainment. They also exhibited more frequent but less complex speech entrainment, showing repetitive interaction patterns. Notably, late-talking children exhibited marked rigidity in articulation and reduced complexity, intermittent rhythmic entrainment, and weaker phonatory control. Finally, seven unique feature-measure matrices in late talkers, reflecting articulation and phonation stability and complexity, were significantly associated with poor conversational quality in this group. Within the framework of the Interactive Alignment Model, these findings underscore persistent disruptions in automatic entrainment processes among late talkers, contributing to reduced conversational quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"1169-1204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From practice to protocol: The CAPE-V<sub>FQ</sub> by and for Quebec French SLPs.","authors":"Timothy Pommée, Lyne Defoy, Ingrid Verduyckt","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2456214","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2456214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents the Quebec French adaptation of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V<sub>FQ</sub>), a standardised protocol for evaluating voice quality. Developed through collaboration within the Quebec Voice Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) Community of Practice, the adapted tool addresses linguistic and cultural nuances specific to Quebec French. This adaptation ensures standardised assessments and harmonises clinical and research practices across the province. The article outlines the iterative development process, including clinician feedback, and describes ongoing efforts to validate and support the use of the Quebec French CAPE-V in clinical settings. The adapted protocol serves as both a clinical tool and a reference point for future research, promoting reliable and culturally relevant voice assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"1142-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Narratives of Chinese kindergarteners with Autism spectrum disorder: Comparison with typically developing children.","authors":"Chengqi He, Shoko Miyamoto, Yu Lin","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2451968","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2451968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by highly heterogeneous language abilities. These variations necessitate sensitive and comprehensive assessments, with narrative analysis being an effective method. This study aimed to examine the micro- and macrostructural aspects of narratives of Mandarin-speaking children with ASD. 19 children with ASD (mean age = 5.57 years; standard deviation [SD] = 1.09) and 19 age-matched typically developing (TD) children (mean age = 5.14 years; SD = 0.09) were enrolled in this study. The Narrative Assessment Protocol (NAP-2) was used to obtain the children's narrative samples. Children's wordless picture book-based narrations were analysed for story length (total number of words and utterances), linguistic abilities (mean length of utterances, mean length of the five longest utterances, number of different words, and vocabulary diversity), and NAP-2 scores (total scores, story grammar, storytelling convention, simple sentence structure, complex sentence structure, word and phrase). After applying Bonferroni's adjustment (α = 0.0042), no significant differences were observed in linguistic performance or story length between the two groups. However, children with ASD showed significantly lower total scores (<i>t</i> = 3.25, <i>p</i> = 0.002), story grammar scores (<i>t</i> = 3.17, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and storytelling convention scores (<i>t</i> = 3.04, <i>p</i> = 0.004). These findings suggest that young Chinese children with ASD may exhibit comparable microstructural narrative abilities but face significant challenges in macrostructural narrative skills, such as organising episodic structures. This underscores the need for targeted interventions to enhance the macro-narrative skills in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"1117-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring linguistic and narrative competence in Italian children with developmental language disorder: A comparative study with typically developing peers.","authors":"Paola Zanchi, Alessandra Provera, Laura Zampini","doi":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2456216","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699206.2025.2456216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is a clinical condition characterised by language difficulties without cognitive or neurological impairments, leading to communication and learning challenges. The study explores the narrative and linguistic abilities of children with DLD and Typically Developing (TD) peers by analysing both macrostructural and microstructural aspects of their narrative production elicited during a storytelling task and describing the types of grammatical and lexical errors. Participants included 19 children with expressive DLD aged 4-8 years and 19 TD children matched by age and gender. Narrative competence was assessed using the Narrative Competence Task (NCT), a storytelling task which evaluates narratives at both the macrostructure and microstructure levels. The grammatical and lexical errors were coded using an <i>ad hoc</i> coding scheme based on the existing literature. The results showed no significant differences in macrostructural aspects of narratives between the two groups. However, at the microstructural level, children with DLD produced shorter utterances. Considering the type of errors produced in narratives, overall, children in the two groups made a small amount of errors (with an average of 2 errors in 100 words). The study contributes to deepening our understanding of the linguistic profile of Italian children with expressive DLD, emphasising the importance of tailored interventions and personalised training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49219,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","volume":" ","pages":"1154-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}