Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"Linking the Nursing and Residential Care Facility Survey to tax and census data: A new data resource for health workforce research.","authors":"Valentina Antonipillai, Edward Ng, Winnie Chan, Hanqing Qiu, Bassirou Gueye, Rochelle Garner","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600900002-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202600900002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calls for comprehensive data collection on the health workforce and long-term care sector have been voiced by policy makers, researchers, and public health experts following the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing health care worker shortages. This paper introduces a novel linked data resource that fills these critical data gaps and establishes a foundation for evidence-informed policy making and workforce planning to strengthen the nursing and residential care system in Canada. This data resource integrates the Nursing and Residential Care Facility Survey, the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamic Database, and the 2021 Census of Population. The structure, coverage, and content of each component file are described, and the deterministic linkage methodology, response rate, and linkage rates are reported. Through an examination of the long-term care workforce across Canadian provinces, this work demonstrates the analytical potential of the integrated data resource for studying staffing patterns, employment characteristics, and economic outcomes. Strengths of this integrated dataset include its near-national scope, inclusion of administrative earnings data, and capacity to support equity-focused research, and limitations include restricted generalizability because of data gaps in certain jurisdictions. Overall, this linked data resource represents a significant advancement of the residential care data infrastructure, providing essential insights into the Canadian health workforce, including personal support workers, nurses, and other health care providers. By bringing together facility-level characteristics, employment and earning records, and detailed sociodemographic information on workers, in-depth analyses of the care economy across provinces can be conducted to improve Canada's health system, workforce, and patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 9","pages":"20-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The missing middle: Exploring light-intensity physical activity and how it relates to health among adults in Canada.","authors":"Isabelle Michaud, Rachel C Colley, Karen C Roberts, Stephanie A Prince, Marisol T Betancourt","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600900001-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202600900001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The health benefits of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are well established, as are the detrimental impacts of excess sedentary time. Less is known about the benefits of activity undertaken at intensities between sedentary and moderate. This study examines how average daily minutes spent in each movement intensity and average daily steps accumulated in each intensity band varied across population groups by age and sex. It also examines the associations between movement intensities and health indicators.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>The Actical accelerometer subsample data, household data and clinic data of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007 to 2019) were used for this analysis. Light-intensity physical activity (LPA) was subdivided into three intensities based on tertiles: low, mid and high.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females and older adults accumulated fewer minutes of physical activity and fewer steps than their counterparts, in mid LPA, high LPA, and MVPA. After adjusting for MVPA and covariates, minutes and steps spent in mid LPA were significantly associated with reduced odds of having cardiovascular disease (CVD), two or more chronic conditions, and poor or fair general health, while minutes and steps in high LPA were significantly associated with reduced odds of having CVD.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>While spending time in MVPA is positive for health, this study suggests that increasing daily minutes and steps in higher intensity LPA is also associated with health benefits. This study is consistent with previous studies that show that all movement is beneficial, including LPA, particularly when it replaces sedentary behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 9","pages":"3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential mobility and multi-domain environmental exposures in Canada: Development of the Residential Mobility Exposome File.","authors":"Toyib Olaniyan","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600800001-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202600800001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Residential mobility influences cumulative environmental exposures over the life course, yet few national datasets capture these dynamics across multiple exposure domains. This paper describes the development of the Residential Mobility Exposome File (ReMEF) and the cohort profile.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>The ReMEF integrates individual-level residential histories from linked census and administrative data with annually resolved spatial measures of ambient air pollution, built and green environment characteristics, and ambient temperature. Annual k-means clustering was applied within each domain to classify exposures into three levels (low, medium, or high), followed by a temporal dominance rule to derive five-year exposure biographies. The analytical cohort included individuals aged 25 to 89 years with stable pre-baseline residence, enabling assessment of residential mobility patterns and exposure trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ReMEF framework offers a scalable approach for leveraging residential mobility as a quasi-experimental feature of observational data. The standardized trichotomy (low, medium, high) applied across domains allows for comparability between different types of exposures. Residential mobility varied substantially by population group and socioeconomic characteristics. Certain racialized populations had relatively higher mobility, while First Nations and Inuit individuals were less likely to move. Distinct exposure biographies were observed across environmental domains, with racialized and immigrant populations more frequently residing in higher ambient air pollution clusters.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The ReMEF provides a resource analytical file and is useful for natural experiments that aim to leverage residential mobility to examine cumulative, multi-domain environmental exposures and disparities over time. The analytical file creation code is available upon request, and it can be recreated using the source data following approval.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 8","pages":"3-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difficulties accessing specialist care and the association with unmet health care needs among middle-aged and older Canadians.","authors":"Md Kamrul Islam, Heather Gilmour, Kristyn Frank","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600700002-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202600700002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canada's population is aging rapidly, with implications for the health care system, including increasing demand for specialist care. However, few studies have examined factors associated with specialist care use, difficulty accessing such care, and the relationship between access difficulties and unmet health care needs among middle-aged (45 to 64 years) and older (65 years or older) adults.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Data from the 2024 Survey on Health Care Access and Experiences - Primary and Specialist Care were used to identify factors associated with specialist care use, difficulty accessing specialist care, and to examine the relationship between access difficulties and unmet health care needs. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of 23,473 Canadians aged 45 or older, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for middle-aged and older adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2024, 38.5% of Canadians aged 45 or older used specialist care, 27.8% experienced access difficulties, and 18.0% reported unmet health care needs. Older adults (65 years or older) were more likely than middle-aged adults (45 to 64 years) to use specialist care (42.9% versus 35.1%) but less likely to report difficulty accessing it (24.6% versus 30.2%). Having a greater number of chronic conditions or a disability was associated with both specialist care use and greater difficulty accessing specialist care among middle-aged and older adults. Experiencing difficulties accessing specialist care was strongly associated with a higher likelihood of having unmet health care needs among middle-aged (6.2 times) and older (14.0 times) adults.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The study underscores the importance of accounting for multiple factors, such as age, gender, immigrant status, multimorbidity, disability, and access to a primary health care provider, when examining access to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 7","pages":"16-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequalities in access to primary care services and health insurance in Black adults in Canada.","authors":"Thomas J Charters, Toyib Olaniyan, Leanne C Findlay","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600700001-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202600700001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has shown that Black adults in Canada experience higher cause-specific mortality and differential rates of diagnosis and hospitalization compared with White adults. These disparities may reflect underlying differences in access to health care. This study assesses whether inequalities in access to primary and pharmaceutical health care exist between Black and White adults in Canada.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>This study used pooled data from the annual Canadian Community Health Survey from 2015 to 2019. Access to care was measured through indicators of primary care access and insurance for prescription medicine. Inequalities were assessed through crude and adjusted differences between Black and White adults, and counterfactual decomposition methods were applied to identify the contributions of specific factors to observed inequalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary care access and insurance for prescription medicine were significantly lower for Black adults aged 25 years and older, compared with White adults in the same age group, from 2015 to 2019. About three-quarters of the differences in having a regular health care provider and insurance for prescription medicine were explained by population differences in the levels of measured covariates, including demographic, immigrant, and socioeconomic factors. By contrast, less than one-third of the difference in going to a doctor's office for care of a minor problem was explained by model covariates.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Much of the measured inequality between Black and White adults in having a regular health care provider and insurance for prescription medicine was attributable to differences in demographic factors, immigrant status, and socioeconomic variables. However, these factors explained less of the inequality in visiting a doctor's office for care of a minor problem. Notably, socioeconomic factors - including educational attainment, occupational skill level, and household income - represent modifiable determinants that may be amenable in reducing the observed disparity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 7","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient experiences with virtual health care in Canada: Modes of delivery and satisfaction with care.","authors":"Kristyn Frank, Danielle Bader","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600600002-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202600600002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic expanded virtual care through telephone, video, and digital communication, with usage patterns varying by patients' sociodemographic and health characteristics. Continued virtual care use after the pandemic highlights the need for updated information on modality choice and patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Data from the 2023 Canadian Social Survey - Quality of Life, Virtual Health Care and Trust were used. Descriptive statistics estimated the distribution of virtual care modes by provider type, positive and negative aspects of patients' last virtual appointment, and satisfaction levels. Multinomial regression models examined associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and virtual care modality (telephone, video, and other or multiple modes), and factors associated with patients' satisfaction with their last virtual appointment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most virtual appointments with family doctors or nurse practitioners (77.9%) and specialists (62.1%) were by telephone only. Age, gender, population group, having a regular health care provider, payment for virtual appointments, and multimorbidity were associated with modality. Commonly reported benefits of virtual appointments were similar across modalities, including not needing to travel, saving time, and services addressing needs. Most were either satisfied (40.3%) or very satisfied (40.5%) with their last virtual appointment. Age, rural or urban status, financial well-being, and having a regular provider were associated with satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Virtual care was primarily delivered via telephone, reflecting ease of use and accessibility. The modality of appointments differed by provider type and patient sociodemographic and health characteristics. Satisfaction with virtual care was high overall, but lower among those without a regular provider and those with financial difficulties, suggesting unmet needs for these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 6","pages":"13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canadian Active Living Environments 2.0: Development of an open-source pipeline for the replication and extension of the Canadian Active Living Environments measure.","authors":"Daniel Fuller, Meisam Ghasedi, Gorham Achot, Nancy A Ross","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600600001-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202600600001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) project was developed in 2019 to provide a standardized, pan-Canadian indicator of how supportive neighbourhood built environments are for physical activity and active transportation, enabling comparisons across places and over time. Can-ALE 1.0 produced measures for the 2006 and 2016 census years, but it did not include 2011 or 2021. As well, the data and processing steps were not packaged in a fully reproducible format, limiting longitudinal analyses and replication. In this study, the original measure was replicated and extended by developing Can-ALE 2.0, an open-source, reproducible R-based workflow to generate Can-ALE metrics for the 2011, 2016, and 2021 census years.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Can-ALE 2.0 was calculated for all Canadian dissemination areas (DAs) using four key measures: weighted dwelling density, transit stop counts, street intersection density (intersections where three or more streets meet), and a weighted point-of-interest measure. To better represent where residents actually live within each DA, these components were calculated using a population-weighted centroid (based on where people are concentrated) rather than the geometric centroid (the centre of the area). DAs were then classified into five ordered support categories using k-medians clustering based on the overall index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the decade from 2011 to 2021, the national distribution of DAs shifted toward more supportive active living environments: the proportion classified in the two least supportive categories declined, while the share in the moderate and high support categories increased. When transit stop availability was incorporated to create a transit-inclusive version of Can-ALE 2.0 (available for 2016 and 2021), the proportion of DAs classified in the highest support category increased from 6.6% to 12.2% in 2016 and from 6.0% to 10.3% in 2021, indicating that transit access meaningfully changes how neighbourhood support for active living is characterized.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This study developed an updated, open-source, reproducible methodology to generate Can-ALE 2.0, which extends Can-ALE coverage to 2011, 2016, and 2021 and improves geographic accuracy by using population-weighted centroids. By providing a standardized longitudinal dataset (and a transit-inclusive version for 2016 and 2021), Can-ALE 2.0 can be used in future studies to examine how changes in neighbourhood built environments relate to physical activity and health outcomes, and to inform policies and investments that aim to reduce physical inactivity, obesity, and diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 6","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the OncoSim-Breast model using Canadian breast density information.","authors":"Oguzhan Alagoz, Rochelle Garner, Claude Nadeau, Andrew Coldman, Jean Hai Ein Yong, Martin J Yaffe, James G Mainprize, Dori Simeonov","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600500002-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202600500002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Canada. Breast density substantially influences breast cancer risk and mammography performance. However, OncoSim-Breast, a Canadian microsimulation model representing breast cancer control, including cancer onset, screening, and survival, has not previously explicitly accounted for breast density. This study describes the incorporation of density-specific parameters into the OncoSim-Breast model.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Breast density-specific inputs were integrated into OncoSim-Breast using data from five Canadian provinces. Three key parameters - prevalence, relative risk of breast cancer, and digital mammography performance (sensitivity and specificity) - were estimated by age group and breast density category, following the American College of Radiology's Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification (categories A to D). Calibration experiments and internal validations were conducted to ensure the updated OncoSim-Breast model aligned with observed data from the Canadian Cancer Registry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of dense breasts declined with age: BI-RADS categories C and D accounted for 58% of women younger than 50 years and 26% of those aged 70 and older. Digital mammography sensitivity also decreased with increasing density: among women younger than 50 years, sensitivity was 88% for Category A and 69% for Category D. The updated OncoSim-Breast model accurately replicated age-specific incidence, age-adjusted incidence, and stage distribution based on historical data from the Canadian Cancer Registry (2010 to 2019).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Incorporating breast density-specific parameters substantially improved the accuracy and policy relevance of OncoSim-Breast. The updated model provides a validated tool to inform screening policy decisions for Canadian women, allowing consideration for the effect of the variability of breast density among women.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 5","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic variation in female breast cancer incidence and mortality in Canada.","authors":"Rochelle Garner, John Than","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600500001-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202600500001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous work has noted variability in cancer incidence and cancer-related outcomes according to place of residence. This study examined geographic variability in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer among females in Canada.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Data from the 2021 Canadian Cancer Registry (breast cancer incidence) and the Canadian Vital Statistics - Death database (breast cancer mortality) were examined across provinces and territories, community sizes, and peer groups (i.e., clusters of health regions with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100,000 females per year and their rate ratios were calculated, as well as age group-specific and age-standardized stage-specific incidence rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2010 to 2020, the invasive breast cancer ASIR was 140.1 per 100,000 females annually, with marked geographic and community variation. Mean age at diagnosis was 62.7 years, and it was lowest in northern and remote regions. Three-quarters of cases were stages I and II, though stage-specific ASIRs varied. Overall ASIRs were highest in peer groups B (urban centres with large immigrant and racialized populations) and D (rural regions in Quebec, Ontario and the Prairies). They were lowest in peer groups F (Northern and remote regions with young populations), G (Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver), and H (urban centres in Ontario and British Columbia). From 2010 to 2022, the ASMR was 28.3 per 100,000, highest in rural Eastern Peer Group E and lowest in large urban centres.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The study found significant variability in female breast cancer incidence and mortality across the geographical classifications considered, highlighting the need for a closer look at regional- and individual-level factors and their respective associations with cancer incidence and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 5","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of self-reported fair or poor oral health in Canada.","authors":"Michelle Rotermann, Kellie Murphy","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202600400001-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202600400001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral health (OH) is an important part of overall health and quality of life. OH conditions are mostly preventable or treatable. Some subpopulations have worse OH than others. Detailed and up-to-date data about the OH of Canada's population are essential for improving care; reducing inequities; and guiding recent policy initiatives, such as the Canadian Dental Care Plan, and measuring their impact.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Self-reported data from the 2023/2024 Canadian Oral Health Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of fair or poor OH across other OH-related conditions, oral self-care practices, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between reporting fair or poor OH, while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 17% of adults in Canada reported having fair or poor OH. Bivariate cross-tabulations and unadjusted regression suggested that self-reported fair or poor OH was positively associated with other OH-related conditions. Multivariable logistic regression also showed the odds of reporting fair or poor OH remained higher for people who had other OH-related conditions, including whether the person had teeth and dentures; being dissatisfied with the appearance of their teeth or dentures; having mouth pain; having untreated mouth problems; and avoiding certain foods because of mouth problems. Not having had an annual dental visit or failing to brush twice daily also increased the risk, as did being a man, a racialized person, or from a lower-income household, as well as having a lower general health status.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This study found associations between self-reported fair or poor OH, other OH-related conditions, several sociodemographic characteristics, and oral self-care (hygiene) practices, reaffirming that self-reported OH continues to be useful for OH monitoring in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"37 4","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}