Journal of Communication Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Effect of feedback type and self-selected practice schedule on speech fluency during aphasia script treatment","authors":"Gerald C. Imaezue ,&nbsp;Mira Goral","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Aphasia, particularly in persons with nonfluent aphasia (PWNA), disrupts speech fluency. Script treatment—delivered with recursive self-feedback (RSF) or external feedback (EF)—has been shown to improve fluency in PWNA. Evidence from anomia treatment suggests that structured practice schedule (continuous vs. discontinuous) may further influence outcomes. However, it remains unknown how feedback type and PWNA’s self-selected practice schedules—reflecting the variability of real-life routines—interact to influence language outcomes. This study introduces a novel self-selected practice schedule approach and examines its interaction with feedback type on speech fluency in PWNA.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using a cross-over design, four PWNA engaged in script production with RSF or EF over two intensive treatment blocks. They practiced for two hours daily across two to three weeks per block. The outcome metrics were speaking rate and speech initiation latency. Flexible practice schedules were allowed, where participants selected between continuous (intensive) or discontinuous (spaced) practice across sessions during each treatment block. Approximately 25,000 speech samples, collected across both treatments’ sessions, were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RSF showed a slower gradual increase in speaking rate over time but greater improvement in speech initiation latency than EF over the course of treatment. The discontinuous practice schedule was associated with significantly greater gains in both outcome metrics. Discontinuous practice schedule particularly influenced improvement in speaking rate during script production with RSF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By introducing self-selected practice scheduling, this work advances more ecologically valid and personalized models of aphasia intervention. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that a discontinuous, spaced practice schedule may be particularly well-suited for RSF and other errorful-based approaches in promoting language recovery in real-world context. Future research with larger and diverse samples of persons with aphasia should test this hypothesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental language mixing and its association with language outcomes of children with (a suspicion of) Developmental Language Disorder","authors":"Merel van Witteloostuijn,&nbsp;Elma Blom","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilingual children naturally encounter language mixing in their environment. Since children’s language development depends on their language input, and processing language mixing in the input may be cognitively demanding, the amount of parental language mixing could affect children’s language outcomes. This matter is also highly relevant for children with developmental language disorder (DLD), who face challenges with language processing and uptake. We hypothesize that these children’s language difficulties may amplify any negative relationships between parental language mixing and the language outcomes of children with DLD. Using a combination of questionnaires, day-long audio recordings, and Bayesian hypothesis testing, we examined parental language mixing and its relationship with Dutch vocabulary and grammar outcomes in thirty 3- to 6-year-old multilingual children with (a suspicion of) DLD in the Netherlands. Analyses were controlled for overall exposure to Dutch, children’s age and parents’ education level. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found a positive, albeit modest, association between parental language mixing and children’s Dutch language outcomes. This suggests that language mixing in the input may not hinder majority language development in children with DLD. Replication and further research are needed to understand the broader implications of parental language mixing for multilingual development in children with DLD, also regarding their minority language outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of parental speech rate in children who stutter","authors":"Ecem Nur Demirsoy Demirci ,&nbsp;Tuğçe Karahan Tığrak ,&nbsp;Maviş Emel Kulak Kayıkcı","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The study aims to examine the relationship between changes in parental speech rate and stuttering severity, frequency and speech rate in children who stutter (CWS). Additionally, it also examines the difference between the speech rate of parents of CWS and that of parents of children who do not stutter (CWNS).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study included 46 CWS aged between 3 and 6 years and 46 CWNS of the same age and gender, together with their respective parents. Interactive parent-child speech recordings were collected and used to assess speech rate, severity, and frequency of stuttering in CWS and their parents, whereas these recordings were only used to assess speech rate in CWNS and their parents.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The study suggests that there may be a significant relationship between parents’ slowing the speech rate and a reduction in the severity and frequency of stuttering in CWS. It is also found that there is no significant difference in the speech rate between parents of CWS and CWNS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings indicate that parents’ speech rate should be considered in the assessment and may be implemented in the treatment of stuttering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of individuals with adult-acquired hearing loss using hearing technology: A qualitative meta-synthesis systematic review","authors":"Alliete R. Alfano,&nbsp;Kaitlyn N. Saari","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with adult-acquired hearing loss (HL) face many adjustments once diagnosed. The purpose of this qualitative meta-synthesis systematic review was to explore the experiences of working-age adults with adult-acquired HL who use hearing technology. This information can help identify gaps in clinical intervention for working-age adults with HL.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div><strong>:</strong> Researchers conducted a systematic review to examine articles pertaining to adults with adult-acquired HL, then performed a meta-analysis to better understand the difficulties individuals diagnosed and treated for HL in adulthood may face. The method was informed by systematic review and qualitative research methodologies. Researchers filtered articles via databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Medline, and PsychINFO) then imported articles into Covidence. Articles that were included in the study were reviewed and, using a qualitative interpretive approach to the data synthesis, reappearing and relevant themes were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><strong>:</strong> Seven articles met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Two main themes emerged from the data, <em>Internal Struggles</em> and <em>External Struggles</em>, based on sub-themes that described experiences that individuals with HL reported facing due to their HL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><strong>:</strong> Individuals with HL could benefit from options that include counseling for themselves or loved ones, education about HL, healthcare providers’ encouragement to seek audiologists, and continuity of HL intervention once the treatment plan is determined. A limitation of this study includes a possible lack of diversity within each study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic cost of language disorders in childhood: Evidence from Saudi Arabia","authors":"Yara Aljahlan ,&nbsp;Roaa Alsulaiman ,&nbsp;Haifa Alroqi ,&nbsp;Alaa Almohammadi ,&nbsp;Khadeejah Alaslani ,&nbsp;Aalya Albeeshi ,&nbsp;Fahad Alnemary","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the economic burden of language disorders (LDs) on families and identify key contributing factors, including time to diagnosis, parental education, and household income. We investigated whether a delay in diagnosis leads to increased costs.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We surveyed 110 families of children aged 3–17 years diagnosed with LDs, assessing direct and indirect costs alongside factors such as parental education, household income, and time to diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings highlight the financial impact of LD, with an annual mean cost of SR 9862 for out-of-pocket LD-related therapeutic services, SR 4796 for out-of-pocket medical expenses, and SR 2132 for expenses related to travel to healthcare facilities. Regression analysis revealed that time to diagnosis and maternal education were the strongest predictors of total healthcare-related costs, including medical expenses and therapeutic services. Delayed diagnosis significantly increased the financial burden, with families of late-diagnosed children incurring an average additional annual cost of SR 6793. Each additional year of parental education reduced annual total costs by SR 3995, accounting for 23 % of the total cost.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings emphasize the financial strain on families of children with LDs, particularly those with lower maternal education and delayed diagnoses. Notably, early diagnosis was associated with significant annual financial savings, reducing total costs by an average of SR 6793 per year. The results highlight the importance of early intervention policies and accessible support systems to reduce long-term costs and improve outcomes for children with LDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexical organization in Spanish-speaking children with hearing loss","authors":"Elsa M. Vargas-García ,&nbsp;Haydée Carrasco-Ortíz ,&nbsp;Natalia Arias-Trejo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Early language deprivation in children with hearing loss is an important cause of later language delays and hinders lexical organization. By studying how lexical organization affects lexical retrieval, it is possible to further understand lexical processing in children with hearing loss and their hearing peers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to evaluate lexical organization among children with hearing loss. To this end, 43 children, divided into two groups, participated in two language production experiments. The deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) group consisted of 21 children with hearing loss who use either a cochlear implant or a hearing aid and oral language as their main means of communication; the typical hearing (TH) group consisted of 22 children with no hearing difficulties, paired by age to the DHH group. Experiment 1 consisted of a semantic verbal fluency task (SVF); lexical organization was evaluated through the grouping strategies used by participants within the semantic categories presented for the task. Experiment 2 consisted of a free word association task (FWA); lexical organization was evaluated through the types of lexical relations present between stimulus and response. To assess lexical retrieval we used, in Experiment 1 (SVF), the number of items produced in one minute, and in Experiment 2 (FWA), the response times.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lexical organization showed contrasting patterns in both tasks. Similarities between groups were found in grouping strategies in the SVF, but dissimilarities were unveiled in the FWA concerning the proportions in the types of lexical relations presented by both groups. Lexical retrieval evidenced group differences: children with hearing loss showed a less efficient retrieval strategy in the SVF and slower response times in the FWA than their typical hearing counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results indicate that both groups show similar lexical organization in grouping strategies within a category. However, children with hearing loss have fewer word relations involving lexical abstraction compared to their hearing peers. Moreover, children with hearing loss use different strategies than their hearing peers to retrieve words from their mental lexicon. Suggestions for clinical applications in language therapy are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis, systematic review of literature, and meta-analysis on the effect of amplification on voice production among teachers","authors":"Lady Catherine Cantor-Cutiva ,&nbsp;Karol Acevedo ,&nbsp;Marco Guzman ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Felipe Enrique Cerda Sandoval ,&nbsp;Catalina Smith ,&nbsp;Isidora Behm ,&nbsp;Eric Hunter","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Teaching is identified as a high-risk profession for developing voice disorders due to the significant vocal demands placed on educators. This can lead to symptoms such as vocal fatigue, adversely affecting their quality of life. One common intervention is the provision of voice amplification systems, which have been reported to reduce vocal strain by enabling teachers to speak at lower volumes, thereby potentially improving voice quality and minimizing vocal fold damage. Despite these benefits, various factors such as adoption rates, technical issues, and the need for proper use and training can influence the effectiveness of these systems. This study systematically reviews the literature and conducts a meta-analysis to determine the impact of voice amplification on teachers' vocal function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The results reported in this manuscript are based on a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review using seven databases, selecting 20 relevant publications from an initial pool of 462, and performing a meta-analysis to compare vocal metrics with and without amplification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The meta-analysis indicated that voice amplification systems tend to positively affect fundamental frequency, sound pressure level (SPL), and phonation time percentage; however, these effects were not statistically significant. The analysis also suggests no significant publication bias, though the quality of the included publications varied: 15 % were rated as strong, 25 % as moderate, and 60 % as weak.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion and Recommendations</h3><div>The study concludes that voice amplification systems show potential benefits for teachers' vocal health. However, their implementation should be part of a broader strategy that includes education, training, and regular monitoring to maximize their effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic insights into coarticulatory dynamics in aphasia: Evidence from a semitic language","authors":"Hicham Adem","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This is the first comprehensive study to examine the feasibility of using acoustic measures to characterize coarticulatory dynamics in Arabic speakers with Broca's aphasia, addressing a significant gap in the literature and contributing to both universal and culturally specific understandings of coarticulatory timing in aphasia. Five Palestinian Arabic-speaking participants with Broca’s aphasia and five control speakers completed a repetition task involving initial fricative-vowel syllables. Using PRAAT software, the analysis incorporates both static and dynamic acoustic parameters, including formant values (F2 and F3), transition slopes and variability, Voice Onset Time (VOT), and intensity measures. Statistical analysis identified significant differences between the speaker groups, with individuals with Broca's aphasia exhibiting elevated and more variable formant values, prolonged and variable VOT patterns, and reduced intensity levels. Density mapping demonstrated broader distributions and increased variability in F2 and F3 frequencies, indicating disruptions in coarticulatory timing. Decreased spectral centroids and rapid intensity decay rates further highlighted reduced consistency in acoustic patterns. Contrary to findings from studies in other languages, our results indicate a delay in coarticulation rather than a complete loss, accompanied by increased variability in segmental transitions. The findings also underscore how Arabic’s unique phonological structures shape coarticulatory dynamics and advance our understanding of phonetic variability in linguistically underrepresented populations. The study also acknowledges its limitations and underlines the need for tailored interventions targeting timing dynamics, intensity patterns, and acoustic clarity to enhance therapy for individuals with Broca’s aphasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal exploration of inhibitory control in children with Developmental Language Disorder","authors":"Jorge-Luis Guirado-Moreno,&nbsp;Victor A. Sanchez-Azanza,&nbsp;Àngels Esteller-Cano,&nbsp;Eva Aguilar-Mediavilla,&nbsp;Daniel Adrover-Roig","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Previous research suggests that children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) exhibit weaker executive functioning, but there is limited understanding of how inhibitory control develops in this population over time. Adopting a longitudinal perspective, this study assessed inhibitory control in children with DLD compared with their typical developing peers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a Flanker task to longitudinally assess interference control, a component of inhibitory control, in a group of 12 children with DLD and 31 typical development (TD) peers across three waves. At wave 1, participants had a mean age of 10.5 years, with data collected across three waves spanning ages 8.3 to 16.1 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regarding Response Time, incongruent trials were significantly slower than congruent and neutral trials across all waves for both groups separately. Moreover, the DLD group showed a larger interference effect (IE) than TD peers, but only in the first wave. Concerning accuracy, the DLD group showed lower scores in the first wave compared to the TD group. However, these differences diminished in the last two waves. Finally, no differences were found between groups in IE accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The DLD group showed a poorer overall inhibition compared to the TD group; however, this deficit seems to vanish over time. Our hypotheses are partially confirmed, aligning with evidence of deficits in inhibitory control in children with DLD. This suggests a domain-specific difficulty with inhibitory control that ameliorates during adolescence in DLD, driven by longer response times during incongruent trials and higher interference effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content validity of the aphasia customised electronic patient reported outcome (ACe-PRO) - revealing hidden difficulties post stroke","authors":"Frederik Gybel Jensen ,&nbsp;Helle Klingenberg Iversen ,&nbsp;Troels Wienecke ,&nbsp;Mia Ingerslev Loft","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the content validity of the Aphasia Customised electronic Patient Reported Outcome (ACe-PRO) questionnaire, designed for people with aphasia following stroke. ACe-PRO serves as a dialogue tool to address hidden difficulties in post-stroke consultations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study followed the COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments) guidelines for content validity, focusing on relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility. Data were collected through cognitive interviews with nine people with aphasia and structured as well as semi-structured interviews with seventeen healthcare professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Both people with aphasia and healthcare professionals found ACe-PRO relevant. However, healthcare professionals identified challenges with unclear underlying concepts in certain items. People with aphasia reported issues with wording and pictorial support. The comprehensiveness of the tool was generally rated as good, though suggestions for additional items were made.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ACe-PRO was assessed somewhat relevant. Adjustments are required to enhance its comprehensibility, particularly regarding wording, pictorial support, and the response scale. Further testing is needed to assess respondent burden in clinical practice and to validate its use in a digital format.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 106559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}