Journal of Communication Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Calibration matters: I. Sound level meter basics","authors":"King Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calibration is an essential component of audiology practice to ensure the accuracy of the equipment for audiometric tests and the transferability of test results across different clinics and countries. The ability to check the accuracy of the equipment and the ambient noise levels allows clinicians to monitor the functions of their equipment, to reduce noise distractors in the testing environment, and to have confidence in their test results, especially in humanitarian or field test settings. Sound level meters are the primary instruments to measure the sound pressure levels of the transducers and the test rooms used for audiometric testing. The International Electrotechnical Commission released a 3-part IEC 61672 standard of the specifications of sound level meters in 2013, and it is adopted by the standards organizations of many countries. This first installment of the tutorial series references this international standard and discusses basic acoustics concepts, calibration principles, and key functions of sound level meters in the application of audiometric calibration. Subsequent installments will discuss how to measure the ambient noise levels, how to determine whether a test room is suitable for testing hearing thresholds using different transducers, and how to determine whether different transducers of audiometers meet the national or international standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9231851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration matters: II. Measurement of ambient noise in test rooms/areas","authors":"King Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ambient noise measurement is a part of audiometric calibration in which one measures the ambient noise level in a sound room/test area intended for audiometric testing and then decides whether the background noise in the test room meets the maximum permissible ambient noise level (MPANL) requirements specified in national or international standards, e.g., ANSI/ASA S3.1:1999(R2018) or ISO 8253–1:2010 (R2021). If the ambient noise levels are below the MPANLs, clinicians can be sure that the test stimuli they present to patients are not masked by the background noise in the test room/area and their test results are valid and the subsequent clinical decisions are sound. Audiometric testing, however, may not always be carried out in sound rooms/test areas with ambient noise levels below the MPANLs, especially during community outreach or humanitarian services. A thorough understanding on the MPANL requirements for different transducers can help clinicians determine which equipment is appropriate for the test area. This tutorial discusses the rationale and assumptions behind the MPANL specifications, how to measure ambient noise levels of test rooms/areas, and how to apply the national and international standards to determine if the test room is suitable for audiometric testing. Alternative strategies are discussed when the ambient noise levels exceed the specified MPANLs. The rationale and procedures are explained using examples on how to lower the ambient noise levels in test areas, and how to determine the suitable test frequency range and the lowest threshold levels that can be assessed in the test area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9225267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spoken language comprehension in children and adults with Angelman Syndrome","authors":"Alexandra P. Key ,&nbsp;Sydney Roth ,&nbsp;Courtney Venker","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Objective evaluation of receptive communication abilities in nonspeaking individuals using standardized behavioral measures can be complicated by co-occurring intellectual disabilities and motor difficulties. Eye tracking during listening may offer an informative complementary approach to directly evaluate receptive language skills.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This study examined feasibility of eye gaze measures as an index of spoken language comprehension in nonspeaking children and adults with Angelman syndrome (AS; <em>n</em> = 23) using a looking-while-listening procedure. Typically developing children (<em>n</em> = 34) provided a reference data set. Primary caregivers of participants with AS completed standardized informant reports (MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Gestures; Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3; Aberrant Behavior Checklist-2) to characterize communicative skills and general adaptive functioning.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Gaze data in participants with AS, particularly in the individuals reported by caregivers to have larger receptive vocabularies and stronger adaptive communicative functioning, demonstrated the expected pattern of comprehension reflected by the increased probability of looks to the target images after vs. before they were named in a spoken sentence. However, processing speed (gaze reaction time) was significantly slower in participants with AS than in the typically developing group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Gaze-based paradigms could be an informative measure of receptive communication processes in participants who are unable to complete traditional standardized behavioral assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9440340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of safety behaviors questionnaire for Persian adults who stutter: A cultural perspective","authors":"Maryam Azarinfar ,&nbsp;Hamid Karimi ,&nbsp;Fariba Jowkar ,&nbsp;Bijan Shafiei","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Adults who stutter (AWS) are reported to have higher social anxiety compared to those who do not stutter. Previous studies have suggested that safety behaviors, which are cognitive or behavioral strategies used by people with anxiety to prevent negative consequences, are important factors in maintaining anxiety. However, the frequency and types of such behaviors might vary in different cultures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a transcultural adaptation of Safety Behaviors Questionnaire (Helgadottir et al., 2014) for Persian-speaking AWS and assess its validity and reliability.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the first step, the original English questionnaire was translated into Persian using the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) method. Then, 17 speech and language pathologists (SLPs) and 5 AWS evaluated all questionnaire items using Likert scales to determine face validity. Finally, 167 Persian-speaking AWS completed the questionnaire to assess its construct validity and reliability. Their responses were analyzed using factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Some items of the original questionnaire were modified or combined with other similar items after assessing the face validity of the Persian-translated questionnaire. Construct validity analysis categorized the remaining 29 questionnaire items into four factors: general avoidance, practice and control, rehearsal, and choosing safe and easy people. The high Cronbach's Alpha of 0.89 for all items confirmed the internal reliability of the Persian-translated questionnaire.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion/Conclusions</h3><p>The results confirmed the psychometric characteristics of the Persian- translated version of the Safety Behaviors Questionnaire (Helgadottir et al., 2014); therefore, speech pathologists can apply it in future clinical and research settings. Similar to Australian AWS, Persian participants of this study self-reported use of various types of safety behaviors frequently.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10482088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of an aphasia ID card on the processing of language produced by a speaker with nonfluent aphasia","authors":"Colleen B. Ward ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Mack","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>We tested whether aphasia self-disclosure via an aphasia ID card impacts (1) how non-aphasic listeners initially process language produced by a speaker with aphasia and (2) learning of the speaker's error patterns over time.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this eye-tracking experiment, 27 young adults followed instructions recorded by a speaker with nonfluent aphasia while viewing a target picture and a distractor. The Card group (n = 14) was shown a simulated aphasia ID card for the speaker and the No Card group (n = 13) was not. The task was divided into Pre-Observation and Post-Observation blocks. Between blocks, participants observed the speaker making semantic paraphasias. Eye-tracking analyses compared the time course of <em>target advantage</em> (reflecting competition from the distractor picture) and <em>workspace advantage</em> (reflecting attention to task) between groups and blocks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Pre-Observation, the Card group had a higher target advantage than the No Card group in the post-response window (i.e., after participants had responded), indicating sustained attention to the speaker's language. Across blocks, there was evidence that the Card group (but not the No Card group) learned that the speaker makes semantic paraphasias.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Aphasia ID cards impacted listeners’ processing of language produced by a speaker with nonfluent aphasia. Increased patience and attentiveness may underlie both the Card group's sustained attention to the speaker as well as learning of the speaker's error patterns. Further research should address whether these changes impact communication success between PWA and new conversation partners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10469476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical prosodic realization by Mandarin-speaking autistic children: Evidence from tone sandhi and neutral tone","authors":"Chengyu Guo ,&nbsp;Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Jinting Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Gao ,&nbsp;Min Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Introduction</strong> Atypical prosodic features have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), primarily in non-tonal language speakers. Nevertheless, the prosodic realizations in autistic people who speak tonal languages were relatively understudied. This study aimed to investigate the acoustic and phonetic patterns at the word-level speech in Mandarin-speaking autistic and typically developing (TD) children at different age ranges.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong> Thirty Mandarin-speaking autistic children (15 three- to five-year-olds and 15 six- to eight-year-olds) were recruited into the ASD group. The TD group consisted of 30 age- and gender-matched children. We employed a picture-naming task to elicit the spontaneous speech production of Mandarin disyllabic words in which tone change processes occur, namely Tone 3 (T3) sandhi and neutral tone (T0).</p><p><strong>Results</strong> The phonetic analysis showed that the ASD group generally could produce typical-like T3 sandhi and T0 in terms of pitch height. However, relative to the TD group, they exhibited flatter pitch contours during T3 sandhi production. Moreover, the acoustic pitch mean of citation tones in the ASD group was also significantly higher, accompanied by more rigid pitch curves in contour tones. In addition, the atypical temporal realization in the ASD group was manifested by the longer duration of T0 and the earlier inflection position of T3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong> Mandarin-speaking autistic children under eight had the phonological ability to produce context-dependent tones based on connected tonal information at the word level. Nevertheless, their phonetic prosodic realization of tone change processes was atypical. Our findings provide evidence of atypical prosody in autistic children who speak tone languages. Clinically, these findings may be attributable to underlying neural differences in autistic children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification accuracy of the Quick Interactive Language Screener for preschool children with and without developmental language disorder","authors":"Amy Pace ,&nbsp;Maura Curran ,&nbsp;Amanda Owen Van Horne ,&nbsp;Jill de Villiers ,&nbsp;Aquiles Iglesias ,&nbsp;Roberta Michnick Golinkoff ,&nbsp;Mary S. Wilson ,&nbsp;Kathy Hirsh-Pasek","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This research examined the classification accuracy of the Quick Interactive Language Screener (QUILS) for identifying preschool-aged children (3;0 to 6;9) with developmental language disorder (DLD). We present data from two independent samples that varied in prevalence and diagnostic reference standard.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Study 1 included a clinical sample of children (54 with DLD; 13 without) who completed the QUILS and a standardized assessment of expressive grammar (Syntax subtest from the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Norm Referenced; Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test–Preschool 2nd Edition; or Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test–3 rd Edition). Study 2 included a community sample of children (25 with DLD; 101 without) who completed the QUILS and the Auditory Comprehension subtest of the Preschool Language Scales–5th Edition (PLS-5; <span>Zimmerman et al., 2011</span>). Discriminant analyses were conducted to compare classification accuracy (i.e., sensitivity and specificity) using the normreferenced cut score (&lt; 25th percentile) with empirically derived cut scores.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In Study 1, the QUILS led to low fail rates (i.e., high specificity) in children without impairment and statistically significant group differences as a function of children's clinical status; however, only 65% of children with DLD were accurately identified using the norm-referenced cutoff. In Study 2, 76% of children with DLD were accurately identified at the 25th percentile cutoff and accuracy improved to 84% when an empirically derived cutoff (&lt;32nd percentile) was applied.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Findings support the clinical application of the QUILS as a component of the screening process for identifying the presence or absence of DLD in community samples of preschool-aged children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10479537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acoustic voice quality index, version 2.06 and 3.01, for the Persian-speaking population","authors":"Shahryar Zainaee ,&nbsp;Ehsan khadivi ,&nbsp;Jamshid Jamali ,&nbsp;Davood Sobhani-Rad ,&nbsp;Youri Maryn ,&nbsp;Hamide Ghaemi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Dysphonia<span><span> assessment includes approaches like acoustic analysis, which is non-invasive and easy to use and provides an understandable numerical output. The Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) is an acoustic model that can detect dysphonia. The </span>Persian language is spoken by around 70,000,000 native speakers. Since AVQI versions 2.06 and 3.01 have not been validated for the Persian yet, this study investigated their concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy among the Persian-speaking population.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This scale development study was conducted from 2020 to 2021 on 180 normophonic and dysphonic native Persian-speaking residents of Mashhad, Iran. Five raters rated the samples by auditory-perceptual-judgments, including Grade from the Grade-Rough-Breathy-Asthenic-Strained (an ordinal scale) and the overall dysphonia severity from the Persian version Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (a continuous scale) to investigate both versions’ concurrent validity. The intra- and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity were evaluated for both scales. Both versions’ diagnostic accuracy was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic, and the optimal thresholds were determined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>AVQI-version-2-Persian thresholds of 3.47 and 4.04 provided sensitivity of 88.30% and 85.53% and specificity of 79.07% and 85.58% by the ordinal and continuous scales, respectively. AVQI-version-3-Persian thresholds of 3.07 and 3.03 also rendered sensitivity of 74.47% and 85.53%, and specificity of 97.67% and 91.35% by the ordinal and continuous scales sequentially.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The significant values of concurrent validities and diagnostic accuracies of both versions of AVQI-Persian confirmed that it can discriminate between normal and pathological voices among the Persian-speaking population. Hence, it can be used for screening or diagnosis purposes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among depression, demographic variables, and language impairments in chronic post-stroke aphasia","authors":"R. Hunting Pompon ,&nbsp;W. Fassbinder ,&nbsp;M.R. McNeil ,&nbsp;H. Yoo ,&nbsp;H.S. Kim ,&nbsp;R.M. Zimmerman ,&nbsp;N. Martin ,&nbsp;J.P. Patterson ,&nbsp;S.R. Pratt ,&nbsp;M.W. Dickey","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Depression may influence treatment participation and outcomes of people with post-stroke aphasia, yet its prevalence and associated characteristics in aphasia are poorly understood. Using retrospective data from an overarching experimental study, we examined depressive symptoms and their relationship to demographic and language characteristics in people with chronic aphasia. As a secondary objective, we compared prevalence of depressive symptoms among the overarching study's included and excluded participants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We examined retrospective data from 121 individuals with chronic aphasia including depression scale scores, demographic information (sex, age, time post onset of stroke, education, race/ethnicity, and Veteran status), and scores on assessments of general and modality-specific language impairments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Approximately 50% of participants reported symptoms indicative of depressive disorders: 23% indicative of major depression and 27% indicative of mild depression. Sex (males) and comparatively younger age emerged as statistically significant variables associated with depressive symptoms; naming ability was minimally associated with depressive symptoms. Time post onset of stroke, education level, race/ethnicity, Veteran status, and aphasia severity were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Depression-scale scores were significantly higher for individuals excluded from the overarching study compared to those who were included.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The rate of depressive disorders in this sample was higher than rates of depression reported in the general stroke literature. Participant sex, age, and naming ability emerged as factors associated with depressive symptoms, though these links appear complex, especially given variable reports from prior research. Importantly, depressive symptoms do not appear to diminish over time for individuals with chronic aphasia. Given these results and the relatively limited documentation of depression in aphasia literature, depression remains a pressing concern for aphasia research and routine clinical care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10844281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Sensory Modality on Reaction Time in Individuals with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Jithin Raj Balan ,&nbsp;Priyanka Jaisinghani","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate and compare the reaction time of individuals with auditory neuropathy in three modalities, auditory, visual, and audio-visual. The reaction time of individuals with auditory neuropathy was also compared with those with normal hearing. The relationship between reaction time across modalities and the duration of hearing loss in auditory neuropathy was also investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and Materials</h3><p>The reaction time of adults with auditory neuropathy and those with normal hearing was measured in the three modalities using the Choice reaction time task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The auditory neuropathy group significantly had a longer reaction time than the normal hearing in all modalities. The trend of the mean reaction time differed across groups. Further, a significant difference in reaction time of the auditory neuropathy group was noted between auditory and visual mode, auditory and audio-visual mode. However, no significant difference between visual and audio-visual modalities was noted in reaction time.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Significantly longer reaction time in auditory neuropathy is presumed to have resulted from neural conduction delay and impaired processing. The auditory neuropathy group can utilize visual cues for faster processing, and the study recommends an audio-visual mode for their management. In addition, the duration of hearing loss in auditory neuropathy had no relationship with reaction time across all modalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10828865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}