Journal of Agromedicine最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of a Statewide Youth Ag Safety Immersive Virtual Reality Program.","authors":"Sue Schuelke, Aaron Yoder, Matt Kreifels, Kevin Kupzyk","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2473456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2473456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and effect of an Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) Ag Safety Education mail-out program to secondary school-based agricultural education programs. The following aims were addressed: a) develop an IVR Ag Safety game, b) implement a mail-out program for the Rollover Ranch Ag Safety game, and c) evaluate the effectiveness and engagement of an IVR Ag safety program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 44 schools. Participants were invited to complete a pre- and post-knowledge assessment, and students and faculty evaluations of the experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis was completed using an independent t-test. The Pre scores (<i>n</i> = 423) had a Mean = 72.2% (S.D. = 15.2) and Post scores (<i>n</i> = 174) had a Mean = 79.8% (S.D. = 17.2) Post test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores t (595) = 5.36, <i>p</i> < .001, d = 0.48. The test questions were then divided into subsets of Tractor Safety, ATV Safety, and Electrical Safety, and all subset scores showed statistically significant increases. The students scored highest on ATV safety, Pre score mean = 89.1% (S.D. = 17.3) and post score mean = 93.1% (S.D. = 15.7). Tractor Safety Scores had a pretest Mean = 71.2 (S.D. 22.7) and a post-test score mean = 78.3 (S.D. = 23.4). The lowest performing questions were on electrical safety with a pre-test mean = 40.6% (S.D. = 37) and a post-test mean = 57.2% (S.D. = 40.8). The students' evaluations reported the game was entertaining (85.63%) and increased their understanding of Ag Safety (63.8%). Most students (79.64%) wanted to continue to use IVR. The majority of faculty (77%) indicated that IVR assisted in teaching, and 92% indicated they would want to continue using IVR as a teaching modality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IVR can be delivered to serve all geographical areas, allowing dissemination throughout a rural state. Students learned and were engaged; faculty found it easy to use and both would desire to use it again. Further research is needed, including long-term follow-up on retained knowledge and, more importantly, if it translates into appropriate behavior when operating agricultural equipment and electrical safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sun Protection Knowledge and Behaviors Among Agricultural Industry Workers in Pennsylvania.","authors":"Camille Moeckel, Robert Bower, Calista Long, Hannah Flamini, Amy Longenecker, Elizabeth M Billingsley, Eugene J Lengerich, Charlene Lam","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2470963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2470963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Outdoor occupations like agriculture expose individuals to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation, increasing the risk of skin cancer. Although most individuals in agriculture recognize the importance of sun protection, adherence to preventive measures may be inconsistent. Our study aimed to explore sun protection behaviors among agricultural industry workers in Pennsylvania and identify specific barriers faced in practicing sun safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a convenience sample survey at the largest indoor agriculture exposition in the country (Pennsylvania Farm Show). The survey, based on established measures, assessed sun protection practices among agricultural industry workers using a 2-page questionnaire covering demographics, sun protection habits, barriers, and skin examination history. Exclusion criteria included not identifying as an agricultural industry worker, age under 18, and inability to read and understand English. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and multivariable logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, education, skin tone, previous skin cancer diagnosis, and occupational sector, were employed in analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 86%, with 7 of 202 surveys excluded (<i>n</i> = 195). Regarding sun exposure knowledge, 63.1% believed their skin cancer risk was higher than indoor workers, and 80.0% perceived unprotected sun exposure as harmful. However, 71.8% reported infrequent sunscreen use. The most common barrier to sun protection was forgetting (49.2%), and 59.0% noted their workplace lacked built-in sun protection. Regression models revealed lower education, darker skin tones, and male gender as significant predictors of underestimating sun exposure risks (<i>p</i> < .01). Men were less likely than women to discuss sun protection with their primary care providers, undergo skin checks, or receive sun protection information from healthcare providers (<i>p</i> < .05). Additionally, men were less likely than women to regularly wear and reapply sunscreen but more likely to wear hats of any type (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite awareness of skin cancer risk, reported sun protection usage among agricultural industry workers in Pennsylvania was inconsistent, highlighting the need for interventions tailored to addressing barriers like forgetfulness. This study compares sun protection practices between occupational sectors within agriculture. Future qualitative research studies focusing on specific sectors and their unique practices are crucial for developing tailored messaging strategies and targeted, workplace-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress and Succession: Farmer Stress and Support Needs of Agricultural Advisors During Transition Planning.","authors":"Carrie N Baker, Sarah A Bush","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2467964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2467964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Given outlooks for farm succession, it is important to understand how planning impacts farmer health and how to equip individuals facilitating succession. This research explored perceptions of stress during succession planning, the perceived challenges, and professional needs to better support clients' mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted semi-structured interviews with agricultural advisors (<i>n</i> = 12). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Researchers applied inductive thematic analysis, using concept coding as the first-round method before engaging in code mapping and axial coding to finalize categories and determine prominent themes for each research question.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A shared set of stressors was identified. While technical stressors were recognized, emotional stressors were most prominent. Though research was not limited to family farms, family business systems were emphasized as having specific impacts on succession. Additionally, advisors recognized relational conflict, lack of communication, and navigating uncertainty as some factors contributing to stress. Advisors noted masked stressors such as identity confusion, guilt, and a lost sense of purpose can pose significant threats to farmers' mental health. Many felt competent in identifying potential signs of distress but expressed a need for additional mental health-related training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continued education and the creation of a streamlined professional network and resource directory are needed to improve information sharing and programming for advisors helping farmers and farm families navigate conflict and life changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Passive Back-Support Exosuit on Objective and Subjective Measures of Human Performance During a Simulated Bush-Crop Harvesting Task.","authors":"Sang Hyeon Kang, Emma Wolf, Luke Lowe, Gary A Mirka","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2470257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2470257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Interest in wearable passive back-supports (exoskeletons/suits) has grown rapidly as a tool to reduce the risk of low back injury by reducing lumbar extensor muscle loading. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of passive back-support exoskeleton/suit at reducing low back muscle activity/fatigue in a variety of tasks, but it is unclear whether an exoskeleton/exosuit intervention would be effective in agricultural harvesting tasks that require complex three-dimensional dynamic motions, long duration stooped postures, and variable engagement of the lower extremities. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a passive lumbar support exosuit on muscle fatigue and comfort/mobility during a simulated harvesting task in a controlled laboratory setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen participants were asked to perform a continuous work task that simulated a 3-min bout of harvesting from a bush crop. Participants harvested at a rate of 1 unit per 2 s and were permitted to assume any effective harvesting position except a full kneeling posture. Test contractions and subjective assessments were performed before and after each 3-min bout of a simulated harvesting task to allow for an assessment of the 1) changes in objective measures of erector spinae muscle fatigue development (both time domain and frequency domain measures of muscle fatigue) and 2) subjective measures of physical fatigue, and 3) exosuit comfort and mobility constraints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exosuit significantly mitigated the increases in EMG amplitude in the time domain (<i>p</i> = .015; Cohen's d = 0.46) indicating a mitigation of muscle fatigue, but there was no significant exosuit effect on median frequency (<i>p</i> = .145) or perceived fatigue in the low back (<i>p</i> = .289). In addition, the exosuit use was associated with significant increases in perceived movement restriction (<i>p</i> < .001; d = 0.82) which were also manifested in terms of significant effects of the exosuit on the magnitude of the 90^th percentile of the trunk flexion (<i>p</i> = .027, d = 0.29).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study demonstrated moderate muscle fatigue reduction effects at the cost of a negative impact on objective and subjective measures of trunk motion restrictions and comfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The Hill in Front of You\": A Qualitative Study of the Mental Health Impact of Livestock Diseases and Depopulation on Farmers.","authors":"Rebecca J Purc-Stephenson, J Doctor","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2470967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2470967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Livestock disease outbreaks are challenging to control and often lead to animal deaths, sometimes necessitating the mass euthanasia of an entire herd or flock, a process known as depopulation. Depopulation is essential for safeguarding animal welfare, human health, and economic stability, as well as preventing the further spread of disease. While significant advancements have been made in the surveillance, detection, and disposal of affected farm animals, less attention has been given to the impact of livestock diseases and depopulation on farmers' mental health. This study explored the mental health effects of these events on farmers and identified strategies to enhance their resilience in coping with such stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a qualitative study, 20 farmers, veterinarians, and industry experts were recruited to describe the experience of livestock diseases and depopulation in Alberta, Canada through semi-structured, one-on-one interviews. All had experience with livestock diseases, and 18 had direct depopulation experience. To capture a broad spectrum of the impact on farmers, we gathered feedback from those raising cattle, swine, poultry, deer and elk, sheep, goats, and bees. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach to identify common themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes and five sub-themes emerged from the analysis: emotional distress (with sub-themes of shock and helplessness, anxiety and hypervigilance, despondency and waning motivation, fear of judgment and stigma, and contextual variables), threats to identity, economic burden, distrust and frustration with authorities, resilience and adaptation. Using our findings, we adapted the Emergency Management Framework to show what activities could be integrated to support farmers' mental health needs before, during, and after a depopulation event.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Farm animal diseases threaten the livelihoods and well-being of farmers as well as pose a significant threat to Canada's food security and national economy. Our findings indicate farmers who experience livestock diseases and depopulation may be at risk for poor mental health. Implications for education and training, as well as changes to policy to support the mental health and well-being of farmers is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an Intergroup Dialogue Curriculum to Improve Mental Health System Capacity for Farmers and Agricultural Communities.","authors":"Annie J Keeney, Morgan Valley, Cheryl Beseler, Lorann Stallones","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2467960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2467960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to present the development of an intergroup dialogue curriculum for faith leaders and behavioral health providers to expand rural behavioral health care systems. The Clergy Outreach and Professional Engagement model and intergroup dialogue technique formed the basis of the curriculum. A discussion of the adaptation of an intergroup dialogue intervention developed for use in rural communities is presented. The curriculum was designed to build trust and familiarity among trusted faith leaders, behavioral health providers, and Extension agents to expand the system of care for vulnerable farming populations. Challenges and opportunities regarding the implementation of the intergroup dialogue intervention are explored. Assessing the feasibility of scaling this approach up to other communities has the potential to improve the network providing behavioral health care in rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of a Gas Monitor Distribution Program in Rural Wisconsin.","authors":"Jakob A Hanschu, Casper G Bendixsen","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2468401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2468401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Manure gases are deadly agricultural hazards that recently caused the deaths of two manure haulers and rural firefighters in New York in June 2024. This study had two objectives: 1) survey fire departments to learn about their use and promotion of four gas monitors in rural communities; 2) assess the Four Gas Monitor Program, a gas monitor distribution program in rural Wisconsin that targets first responders, to learn whether it is having an impact on rural community emergency preparedness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rapid, survey-based study was conducted in July 2024. The survey was distributed to the 81 fire departments that had members attend an Agriculture Rescue Training event, including 31 departments that had received gas monitors as a part of the Four Gas Monitor Program. The survey included questions about gas monitor use and promotion by the fire departments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen different departments responded to the survey. It was found that 16 of the 17 departments had four gas monitors, and 10 departments had received monitors from the Four Gas Monitor Program. Additionally, 13 departments informed their communities about the monitors, 3 used the monitors with farmers, and 15 departments had used monitors during an emergency response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings show that the Four Gas Monitor Program has successfully placed gas monitors into the hands of rural first responders, particularly in Central Wisconsin. The outcome of the Four Gas Monitor Program shows the potential for positively shaping the agricultural health and safety landscape through sustained work with first responders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Employer Perspectives on Occupational Wildfire Smoke Rules.","authors":"Molly Parker, Janessa M Graves, Lois James, Julie Postma","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2465639","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2465639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of the study was to examine the perspectives of agricultural employers and managers regarding wildfire smoke-related occupational health and safety protections. The aims were to (1) explore implementation and evaluation of the Washington (WA) State Department of Labor and Industries Wildfire Smoke Rule, (2) develop a survey to explore perspectives on the rule, and (3) examine the relationship between occupational roles and knowledge and training received related to components of the rule.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used exploratory sequential mixed methods, including key informant interviews with industry stakeholders, survey design, and online survey administration to agricultural employers and managers. Thematic analysis of interviews informed survey design. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze survey results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our team interviewed seven agricultural industry stakeholders. Three themes were identified: (1) competing demands and regulation fatigue, (2) workplace attitude and culture, and (3) suggestions for rule implementation and evaluation. Themes and components of the smoke rule were used to develop the survey. Of the 128 survey respondents, almost half (45.1%) reported owner or grower as their role and 39.3% reported supervisors or managers. Over half (51.6%) of respondents reported fewer than 25 employees in their workplace and 17.2% reported 250 or more employees. Respondents were from multiple WA counties and worked with various crops. Most employers and workers they supervise reported wildfire smoke exposure at work and related adverse symptoms. Almost one-third of respondents reported they had not heard of the smoke rule (33.3%). Over half of respondents have not received training on managing workers with smoke-related symptoms (53.9%). About one-third has not received training on air quality monitoring (40.0%), health effects of exposure (36.8%), and implementing protective controls (31.0%). Differences in knowledge and training on rule components by occupational role were insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings identify gaps in awareness and training regarding protection from wildfire smoke in the agricultural workplace, especially around symptom recognition and management. Barriers to implementing protective controls in the workplace were identified. Findings will inform targeted outreach and educational toolkits for the agricultural industry and support the development and evaluation of protective occupational health rules.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Benefit and Cost Valuations for Occupational Injury and Fatality Prevention in Agriculture: A Generalizable Framework.","authors":"Anita Alves Pena","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2465638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2465638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a toolkit based in applied economic analysis to provide net impact values in dollar terms for direct and indirect benefits minus costs associated with a policy or intervention. CBA can include valuations of lives saved and of lives preserved via fatality and injury avoidance. The application of conceptually correct CBA to agricultural health and safety to date is limited. This article reviews how economic \"shadow prices\" can be used to estimate costs and benefits of interventions adjusted for farmwork populations relative to a \"do nothing\" status quo. The article provides a generalizable framework for future analyses of specific interventions, as well as background on tangible valuation methodologies that could contribute to impact analyses and funding requests highlighting the importance of farm health and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Observational Techniques Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Farmers - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Adel Mazloumi, Bahram Kouhnavard","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2024.2436447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2024.2436447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Farming tasks often involve repetitive movements, heavy lifting, awkward postures, and prolonged periods of standing or bending, all of which can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal issues (MSDs) such as back pain, joint pain, and muscle strains. The consequences include decreased work time, disability, and increased financial costs. Various ergonomic risk evaluation techniques have been created for industrial fields, but there is a shortage of specific techniques for farming occupations. This study aims to offer an overview of the observational techniques of evaluate work-related ergonomic risk factors among farmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles published beetween Mar 2010 to Nov 2023 were searched in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Iranian databases. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. We removed unrelated articles using PRISMA statement guidelines and finally examined articles completely related to the study. Additionally, the GraySource and BASE databases were consulted to identify gray sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following three review stages 31 articles were ultimately included in the final analysis. Based on the assessment of article quality using the CASP checklist, the scores of 31 articles ranged from 6 to 10. The REBA stands out as the most commonly used technique. Additionally, sepecific techniques, like AULA, AWBA and ALLA, have been specifically designed to evaluate the ergonomic risk faced by farmers. Most of these techniques are limited to evaluating occupational factors and individual, environmental and psychosocial factors have not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the growth of agricultural jobs, it is essential to create new techniques and enhance the current ones. Additionally, given the complex nature of musculoskeletal disorders, it is crucial to take into account multiple factors (individual, occupational, environmental, and psychosocial) when developing risk assessment techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}