Journal of Agromedicine最新文献

{"title":"Health, Safety, and Aging in Elderly Farmers in the United States and Beyond: A Systematic Scoping Review.","authors":"Shuang Li, June T Spector, Sang D Choi, Meng Zhao, Erika Scott, Cassandra M Germain, Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2539127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2539127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Understanding elderly farmers' health and risk factors is fundamental to preventing agricultural injuries and illnesses as the farming population ages. Few reviews have focused on how aging impacts farmers' health and safety. This study reviews scientific literature that characterizes aging farmers' physical and mental health, work-related risk factors, and potential interventions to support healthy work and aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In accordance with the framework established by Arksey and O'Malley (2003), we performed a scoping review by systematically searching the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCOhost), Web of Science (via Clarivate), AGRIS, PsycINFO (via APA PsycNet) and Embase (via Elsevier). Studies that examined elderly farmers' health and related risk factors as the primary outcome were included. Eligibility was limited to studies published in English between 1980 and 2024, conducted in the United States or globally. Included publications were organized, thematically coded, and their key findings were synthesized (without meta-analysis).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-six publications were included in the final review. Our review indicates that injuries, chronic and occupational diseases, mental health, health risk factors, aging, and retirement considerations have been reported among aging farmers. Significant gaps were identified in the study of healthy aging farmers, particularly in longitudinal studies assessing the relationship between long-term occupational hazard exposure and adverse health outcomes over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A deeper understanding of aging and farmers' health, particularly through longitudinal panel studies, is needed to develop targeted prevention strategies that sustain productivity until a reasonable retirement age. Additionally, research informs societal and policy interventions that support farmers in transitioning to retirement when appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Culturally Responsive Evaluation in Occupational Safety and Health Services: Findings from Scoping Review.","authors":"Arati Joshi, July Nelson, Damilola Ajayi, Sebastian Galindo","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2540575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2540575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immigrant workers constitute a major portion of farmworkers in the United States, and their number has been gradually increasing over the years. These workers are among the most vulnerable to occupational injury and illness because of constraints in communication, lack of medical insurance, cultural beliefs, and discriminatory practices. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) Centers for Agricultural Safety and Health (Ag Centers) were established with the aim of reducing injuries and illnesses in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AgFF) sectors through research, education, and prevention projects. Diversity of populations served by these Ag Centers is identified as a challenge for assessing the impact of the centers. Employing sensitive lenses like culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) is critical in the evaluation of Ag Centers, because it captures cultural nuances that might have affected the implementation and/or outcome of the project. We conducted a scoping review of the literature in CRE to identify practical strategies for CRE implementation. We categorized the findings into four deductively formed groups about cultural competence: acknowledge the complexity of cultural identity, recognize the dynamics of power, recognize and eliminate bias in language, and employ culturally appropriate methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Most Important Thing is to Know What to Wear When Working in the Sun.","authors":"Whitney Pennington, Yessica Martinez, Kayna Hobbs-Murphy, John Rosecrance, Morgan Valley","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2540576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2540576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Crop workers face increasingly hot working conditions. Wearing light-colored, single-layer breathable clothing and wide-brimmed hats, on top of having water, rest, and shade, can reduce the risk of heat illness among crop workers. Clothing preferences and limited access may prevent crop workers from wearing optimal work apparel. However, little is known about crop workers' workplace clothing preferences or their clothing acquisition barriers (e.g., access to retailers, cost). This qualitative study aimed to document Spanish-speaking crop workers' ideal work clothing and understand the primary barriers that prevent them from wearing clothing that reduces heat-related illness risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four focus groups were conducted in Spanish on vegetable farms in Colorado during August and September 2023. Two researchers thematically analyzed qualitative focus group data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 54 Spanish-speaking crop workers who participated in focus groups during August and September 2023. Findings show participants know which work clothing options protect from heat-related illnesses. Participants purchased their work clothes primarily at second-hand stores. They preferred clothes made of light but durable materials and complete pieces that cover the head, neck, and trunk with long sleeves and pants that facilitate movement. Barriers to wearing worker-defined ideal clothing described include costs and the difficulty in finding the specific style of clothing at their preferred retail outlets. Participants described an interest in partnering with employers to purchase ideal clothing to prevent heat-related illness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spanish-speaking crop workers have a clear understanding of ideal work clothing and the link between clothing and heat illnesses prevention. However, based on thematic analysis of focus groups with crop workers in Colorado, cost and access to ideal clothing are the biggest barriers. Strategies that facilitate access to appropriate clothing for working in hot environments and involvement of employers in apparel choice are potential methods to promote worker safety and reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses among agricultural farmworkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Interventions to Reduce Pesticide Exposure Among Farmers: Application of an Intervention Mapping Approach to Development.","authors":"Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini, Mohammad Javad Assari, Jalal Poorolajal, Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai, Maryam Afshari","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2539975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2539975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Considering the intricate complexity of pesticide management, we applied the intervention mapping approach to develop, implement, and evaluate two interventions aimed at improving protective behaviors and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), thereby reducing pesticide exposure among farmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the steps of the Intervention Mapping (IM) process. First, a needs assessment was conducted, including a case study and a cross-sectional survey. Subsequently, the program outcomes and change objectives were specified. This was followed by program design and program production focusing on creating a culturally appropriate program. Finally, we conducted a three-armed randomized trial: 201 farmers were equally assigned to 1) education-only (<i>n</i> = 67); 2) education plus PPE provision (<i>n</i> = 67); or 3) control (<i>n</i> = 67) groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed group × time interaction for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significant (<i>p</i> = .001). There was significantly increased AChE activity in the two intervention groups compared with controls (education-only <i>p</i> = .037; combined <i>p</i> = .001), with no between-intervention difference (<i>p</i> = 1.00). For protective behavior, both interventions did better than the controls (<i>p</i> = .001 for both), and self-reported use of PPE revealed the combined intervention did better than education-only (<i>p</i> = .030).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results showed both interventions improved outcomes. Given its lower cost and high feasibility, educational intervention seems particularly suitable to more widespread use in farmer health programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing U.S. Media's Reaction to a Suggested Terminology Shift from \"Accident\" to \"Incident\" in News Reports of Childhood Agricultural Injury: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Christopher P Benny, Jakob Hanschu, Scott Heiberger, Barbara C Lee, Bryan Weichelt","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2539970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2539970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This pilot study aimed to: 1) quantify the usage of \"accident\" and related terms in media articles describing agricultural injuries and fatalities involving children; and 2) assess journalists' reactions to a suggested terminology shift from \"accident\" to \"incident\" in recent U.S. news media reports about youth agricultural injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>United States (U.S.) news reports covering agricultural injury events were obtained from the AgInjuryNews.org dataset. Quantitative text analysis was performed to identify news articles that mentioned \"accident\" or related terms (e.g., \"accidental,\" \"accidentally\") in their title or narrative. Chi-square tests, post-hoc procedures, and univariate logistic regression were used to determine whether and to what extent \"accident\" and related terms were used to describe youth agricultural injuries. To assess journalists' reactions to using \"incident\" instead of \"accident\" when describing youth agricultural injuries, a one-question survey was emailed to authors of news reports. Qualifying articles in the AgInjuryNews.org database were from June 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023, describing an agricultural injury involving victims under the age of 18 and featuring \"accident\" or its variations. Responses were coded based on sentiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,675 U.S. media reports were included in the quantitative text analysis for aim 1. \"Accident\" or related terms were used in 66% of the articles about youth agricultural injuries, compared to only 53% for reports about adult agricultural injuries. Agricultural injury events involving youth were more likely to be described using \"Accident\" or derived terms in U.S. news media than incidents involving adults (odds ratio: 1.73). For the second aim, 31 articles met the inclusion criteria for the journalists' survey. The survey response rate was 39% (<i>n</i> = 12). Of the 12 journalists who responded, 1 disagreed with the proposed terminology shift, 5 were neutral, and 6 were in agreement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from the quantitative text analysis and survey results support the need for additional research and provide evidence to support efforts to create lasting change in the way youth agricultural injury and fatality events are reported by U.S. news media.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Health Literacy & Cancer Screenings in Agricultural Workers.","authors":"Irem Huri Karabiyik, Aysegul Ilgaz","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2539968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2025.2539968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Agricultural workers may experience various health problems as a result of exposure to toxic substances, particularly to pesticides. Adequate health literacy is necessary to protect and enhance the well-being of agricultural workers. Agricultural workers have a poor rate of participation in cancer screening. This study aimed to explore the relationship between health literacy levels and participation in cancer screening among agricultural workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive study was conducted with 340 agricultural workers between December 2023 and May 2024. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the Descriptive Characteristics Questionnaire, Turkey Health Literacy Scale-32 (THLS-32), and Cancer Screening Participation Status Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were found to have a 32.6% adequate health literacy level. In this study, of the female agricultural workers, 37.3% had HPV DNA testing, 35.7% had mammography, 56.7% performed breast self-examination, and 26.3% had clinical breast examination. Among the participants, 27.6% participated in the fecal occult blood test and 21.1% in colonoscopy. An urologist examined 38.8% of male agricultural workers, and 34.9% had their prostate specific antigen levels checked. The health literacy levels of individuals who were older, female, single, of lower education level, had more annual working time and daily working hours in agriculture were significantly lower. A statistically significant relationship was found between participants' status of performing breast self-examination or participating in prostate cancer screenings and their health literacy levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two-thirds of agricultural workers did not have adequate health literacy. The percentage of participants who took part in cancer screening did not exceed one-third. Therefore, qualitative studies should be conducted to investigate why agricultural workers do not participate in cancer screening initiatives to increase health literacy should be planned, and cancer screening should be recommended to agricultural workers by health professionals. Furthermore, future efforts to improve the health literacy of agricultural workers should focus on target individuals who are older, female, single, of lower education level, and more experienced (more daily working hours and years) in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The Hill in Front of You\": A Qualitative Study of the Mental Health Impact of Livestock Diseases and Depopulation on Farmers.","authors":"Rebecca J Purc-Stephenson, J Doctor","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2470967","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2470967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Livestock disease outbreaks are challenging to control and often lead to animal deaths, sometimes necessitating the mass euthanasia of an entire herd or flock, a process known as depopulation. Depopulation is essential for safeguarding animal welfare, human health, and economic stability, as well as preventing the further spread of disease. While significant advancements have been made in the surveillance, detection, and disposal of affected farm animals, less attention has been given to the impact of livestock diseases and depopulation on farmers' mental health. This study explored the mental health effects of these events on farmers and identified strategies to enhance their resilience in coping with such stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a qualitative study, 20 farmers, veterinarians, and industry experts were recruited to describe the experience of livestock diseases and depopulation in Alberta, Canada through semi-structured, one-on-one interviews. All had experience with livestock diseases, and 18 had direct depopulation experience. To capture a broad spectrum of the impact on farmers, we gathered feedback from those raising cattle, swine, poultry, deer and elk, sheep, goats, and bees. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach to identify common themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes and five sub-themes emerged from the analysis: emotional distress (with sub-themes of shock and helplessness, anxiety and hypervigilance, despondency and waning motivation, fear of judgment and stigma, and contextual variables), threats to identity, economic burden, distrust and frustration with authorities, resilience and adaptation. Using our findings, we adapted the Emergency Management Framework to show what activities could be integrated to support farmers' mental health needs before, during, and after a depopulation event.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Farm animal diseases threaten the livelihoods and well-being of farmers as well as pose a significant threat to Canada's food security and national economy. Our findings indicate farmers who experience livestock diseases and depopulation may be at risk for poor mental health. Implications for education and training, as well as changes to policy to support the mental health and well-being of farmers is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"519-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychological Demands, Decision Authority and Social Support at Work in Norwegian Farmers Compared to Other Major Occupational Groups: The HUNT Study, Norway.","authors":"Jonil Tau Sperstad, Eystein Skjerve, Karianne Muri, Kjersti Selstad Utaaker, Magnhild Oust Torske","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2473449","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2473449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Farming is an occupation with high levels of occupational stress. The objective of this study was to explore psychological job demand, decision authority, and social support at work in Norwegian farmers compared to other occupational groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4) was used, in which participants were registered with their main occupation, and items from the Swedish Demand-Control-Support (DCS) Questionnaire were included to measure self-reported psychosocial work environment. Each DCS dimension was dichotomized into high and low scores. Four job types were created by combining high and low scores of demand and decision authority (active, passive, low and high strain). Logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations between occupational groups and the three DCS dimensions, as well as job type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 20,268 participants in our sample, 800 were farmers. A small proportion of farmers had a combination of high demands and low decision authority (2.3%). Overall, farmers stood out from the other manual occupational groups with high levels of demand and decision authority. Compared with other main occupational groups, farmers were most similar to managers in terms of having an active job (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-0.94) and a high strain job (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.57-1.74).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although having a demanding occupation, the high decision authority experienced by most farmers prevents them from being in the high strain job category. Despite socioeconomic differences, farmers are more similar to managers than they are to other blue-collar workers with regards to psychosocial work environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":"30 3","pages":"506-518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Benefit and Cost Valuations for Occupational Injury and Fatality Prevention in Agriculture: A Generalizable Framework.","authors":"Anita Alves Pena","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2465638","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2465638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a toolkit based in applied economic analysis to provide net impact values in dollar terms for direct and indirect benefits minus costs associated with a policy or intervention. CBA can include valuations of lives saved and of lives preserved via fatality and injury avoidance. The application of conceptually correct CBA to agricultural health and safety to date is limited. This article reviews how economic \"shadow prices\" can be used to estimate costs and benefits of interventions adjusted for farmwork populations relative to a \"do nothing\" status quo. The article provides a generalizable framework for future analyses of specific interventions, as well as background on tangible valuation methodologies that could contribute to impact analyses and funding requests highlighting the importance of farm health and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"436-440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Pesticide Labeling Literacy Scale for Thai Rice Farmers: Item Generation and Content Validity Testing.","authors":"Phiranut Saeneewong Na Ayuttaya, Nuttaporn Lawthong, Mark Gregory Robson, Wattasit Siriwong","doi":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2468416","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1059924X.2025.2468416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Occupational exposure to pesticides in rice cultivation poses health risks, exacerbated by factors contributing to the improper use of pesticides. One significant factor is the limited literacy skills of farmers, hindering their ability to read and comprehend pesticide labels. Research in this area is limited by the lack of an acceptable method for measuring pesticide labeling literacy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess pesticide labeling literacy in Thai rice farmers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The scale development involved identifying components and dimensions of pesticide labeling, formulating question items, and designing the scale based on literature reviews and expert interviews. The content validity of items was evaluated by experts using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). After the pilot test, the difficulty, discrimination index, reliability and construct validity of the scale were examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was evaluated on 400 rice farmers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pesticide labeling literacy scale was structured into five components: Access, Understanding, Awareness, Analysis, and Application. The CVI and CVR results fell within the acceptable range, confirming content validity. After refining the questionnaire based on the pilot test, a 40-item scale was derived, with items exhibiting suitable difficulty indices (0.28-0.76) and discrimination indices (0.20-0.70). The overall pesticide labeling literacy scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.896 The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that the scale was suitable for factor analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated that the model aligned well with the empirical data and exhibited acceptable fit indices for the proposed model. The final version of the scale comprised 35 questionnaire items.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 35-item questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing pesticide labeling literacy among Thai rice farmers. It encompassed five components: Access, Understanding, Awareness, Analysis, and Application This innovative scale has the potential to serve as an effective tool for evaluating the level of pesticide labeling literacy among Thai rice farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agromedicine","volume":" ","pages":"603-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}