{"title":"Emission and discard priority scheme for optical burst switched networks","authors":"P. Acquaah, Jia-Ming Liu, H. Chan","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000977","url":null,"abstract":"A key issue in optical burst switched (OBS) networks is resolving burst contention in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Although deflection routing has been identified as a cost-effective solution, its viability has been questioned. We propose an emission and discard priority (EDP) scheme to alleviate the shortcomings of deflection routing by reducing late packet arrivals and hence improving network goodput. Simulation results show that the deflection with EDP scheme has a lower proportion of late packet arrivals than a basic deflection routing scheme. Furthermore, the deflection with EDP scheme has a higher goodput, when the normalized load is L≥0.7, and a higher efficiency, in terms of goodput per deflection, than the basic deflection routing scheme.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"977-988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Half-duplex 12-channel dense WDM 26-GHz-band radio-over-fiber system employing a 15 GHz bandwidth reflective semiconductor optical amplifier","authors":"J. Olmos, T. Kuri, K. Kitayama","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000989","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a half-duplex system for 2.6-GHz-band radio-over-fiber (RoF) signals. Twelve 156-Mbits/s differential phase-shift keying channels operating at the same frequency band as the WiMax standard are successfully distributed after being transmitted through 26.5 km of standard single-mode fiber. At the access point, we employ a 1.5 GHz limited bandwidth reflective semiconductor optical amplifier to remodulate the downlink signal with a 156 Mbits/s2.6 GHz uplink RoF signal. Both the downlink and uplink signals reach error-free operation after transmission, with a negligible power penalty with respect to the back-to-back operation.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"989-994"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66591563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Traffic management framework for optical routers with small buffers","authors":"A. Wander, A. Varma, M. Thottan","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000958","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of buffering within all-optical routers poses a significant challenge to their potential deployment in the Internet backbone. We present a thorough investigation into the performance of the integrated router interconnected spectrally (IRIS), an all-optical router, using network and traffic models representative of the Internet backbone. When exposed to the burstiness of Internet traffic, optical routers are susceptible to significant losses, even under light load conditions. We evaluate a rate control framework that uses electronics-based edge routers to control the rate and to shape the traffic entering the all-optical core. Our results from simulations show that IRIS can operate loss free at utilizations as high as 90% and that the severity of such losses beyond the 90% threshold can be greatly reduced with a slight increase in buffer size. Finally, we show that the reordering introduced by the load-balanced architecture of IRIS has almost no effect on the end-to-end packet ordering.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"958-976"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nejabati, G. Zervas, G. Zarris, Yixuan Qin, E. Escalona, M. O'Mahony, D. Simeonidou
{"title":"Multigranular optical router for future networks","authors":"R. Nejabati, G. Zervas, G. Zarris, Yixuan Qin, E. Escalona, M. O'Mahony, D. Simeonidou","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000914","url":null,"abstract":"The future optical network needs to offer dynamic bandwidth allocation with the ability to adapt to application bandwidth requirements by providing transport granularity at the appropriate bit rate. A key element in such a network is a high-speed multigranular optical router that is able to support wavelength and subwavelength switching. This paper proposes advanced switching and router technologies suitable for such a network. A generic architecture for a multigranular optical switch comprising optical wavelength switching, optical time division multiplexing, optical packet switchng, and optical burst switching is proposed followed by specific designs for each part of the multigranular switch. This includes a design for an optical time-slot switch followed by a design for optical-packet- and burst-switched core and edge routers. Finally, an example is provided to show how these technologies can be combined to provide connectivity for applications with different bandwidth granularities.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"914-927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scaling all-optical packet routers: how much buffering is required? [Invited]","authors":"H. Dorren, N. Calabretta, O. Raz","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000936","url":null,"abstract":"Taking all-optical packet-switched cross-connect architectures that are highly scalable as a starting point, we investigate how much buffering is required in optical packet routers. In particular, we investigate how the buffering depth scales with the number of ports of the router and how the packet loss and throughput depend on the network load. We treat the buffer as a queuing system with finite storage with a Markovian time evolution. This leads to an analytical expression for the buffer depth. Our results can act as a guideline for designing all-optical packet buffers.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"936-946"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Guo, Zheng Liang, Zhenyu Sun, S. Xiao, Yaohui Jin, Weiqiang Sun, Weisheng Hu
{"title":"Task scheduling considering fault probability for distributed computing applications over an optical network","authors":"W. Guo, Zheng Liang, Zhenyu Sun, S. Xiao, Yaohui Jin, Weiqiang Sun, Weisheng Hu","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000947","url":null,"abstract":"The optical network integrated computing environment has been thought of as a promising technology to support large-scale data-intensive distributed computing applications. For such an environment involving so many heterogeneous resources, such as high-performance processors and optical links, faults seem to be inevitable. The faults will lead to the failure of the applications or highly delay the applications' finish times. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze resources' fault probability and then to better schedule the tasks of the application onto the appropriate resources so as to minimize the fault probability of the application. We address the task-scheduling problem based on the fault probability analysis for distributed computing applications over an optical network. We quantitatively analyze the fault probability of the processors and optical links in a given interval and propose a minimal fault probability (MFP) task-scheduling algorithm to minimize the fault probability of the application. We develop a simulator to evaluate the performance of the MFP algorithm. The simulation results prove the efficiency of the MFP algorithm.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"46 1","pages":"947-957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun-Hoi Chung, Jae-Uk Park, Byungchul Choi, Youngil Park, Jae-Hoon Yoo Yoo, Byoung-whi Kim
{"title":"Application of 2W-PON to the backhaul of a wireless network","authors":"Jun-Hoi Chung, Jae-Uk Park, Byungchul Choi, Youngil Park, Jae-Hoon Yoo Yoo, Byoung-whi Kim","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000905","url":null,"abstract":"A passive optical network (PON) is a good candidate for the infrastructure of next-generation IP-based wireless backhaul because it saves the network both fiber length and transceivers. For the fast processing of time-sensitive packets such as control and voice-over-IP data, two upstream wavelengths are evenly assigned to optical network units (ONUs) and efficiently managed so that real-time packets from each ONU are transmitted with a smaller cycle time compared with that of normal packets. Algorithms of a two-upstream-wavelength PON (2W-PON) are proposed and the performance is analyzed. A prototype of a 2W-PON is implemented and the test results are provided.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"905-913"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ellis, D. Cotter, S. Ibrahim, R. Weerasuriya, C. Chow, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, S. Sygletos, P. Vorreau, R. Bonk, D. Hillerkuss, Ioannis Tomkos, A. Tzanakaki, C. Kouloumentas, D. Richardson, P. Petropoulos, F. Parmigiani, G. Zarris, D. Simeonidou
{"title":"Optical interconnection of core and metro networks","authors":"A. Ellis, D. Cotter, S. Ibrahim, R. Weerasuriya, C. Chow, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, S. Sygletos, P. Vorreau, R. Bonk, D. Hillerkuss, Ioannis Tomkos, A. Tzanakaki, C. Kouloumentas, D. Richardson, P. Petropoulos, F. Parmigiani, G. Zarris, D. Simeonidou","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000928","url":null,"abstract":"A network concept is introduced that exploits transparent optical grooming of traffic between an access network and a metro core ring network. This network is enabled by an optical router that allows bufferless aggregation of metro network traffic into higher-capacity data streams for core network transmission. A key functionality of the router is WDM to time-division multiplexing (TDM) transmultiplexing.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"928-935"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximum throughput traffic grooming in optical networks","authors":"Yong Wang, Q. Gu","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000895","url":null,"abstract":"In synchronous optical networks (SONETs) and WDM networks, low-rate traffic demands are usually multiplexed to share a high-speed wavelength channel. The multiplexing-demultiplexing is known as traffic grooming and is performed by SONET add-drop multiplexers (SADM). The grooming factor, denoted by k, is the maximum number of low-rate traffic demands that can be multiplexed into one wavelength channel. SADMs are expensive, and thus an important optimization problem for traffic grooming is to maximize the number of accommodated traffic demands subject to a given number of SADMs. We focus on the unidirectional path-switched ring (UPSR) networks with unitary duplex traffic demands. We assume that each network node is equipped with a limited number L of SADMs, and our objective is to maximize the number of accommodated traffic demands in a given set. We prove the NP-hardness of this maximum throughput traffic grooming problem and propose a (k+1)-approximation algorithm. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the performance of the algorithm. We also study the all-to-all traffic pattern for the maximum throughput traffic grooming problem and propose an algorithm that accommodates at least (nL⌊k⌋)/2 demands for a UPSR with n nodes. We also prove that any optimal solution can accommodate at most (nLk)/2 demands. Thus the solution of our algorithm is at most a constant factor (approximately 2) away from the optimum.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"895-904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Stavdas, C. Politi, T. Orphanoudakis, A. Drakos
{"title":"Optical packet routers: how they can efficiently and cost-effectively scale to petabits per second","authors":"A. Stavdas, C. Politi, T. Orphanoudakis, A. Drakos","doi":"10.1364/JON.7.000876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.7.000876","url":null,"abstract":"Today's data-centric networks are becoming progressively dynamic with respect to the transported traffic volume, to the spatial and temporal variations of traffic patterns, and to the subsequent interconnection request patterns. Optical packet routers (OPRs) aim to provide a viable answer to these requirements by rendering the optical layer adaptable, reconfigurable at will, and cost-effective by means of statistical multiplexing of the network resources while satisfying end-to-end quality-of-service requirements. We study the role of OPRs in two different network approaches: an OPR adopting the legacy of a telecommunication solution and a solution pertinent to the role and the functionality of an IP world. To benchmark the two scenarios, a multilayer, multigranular OPR architecture is presented and its potential to cost-effectively scale toward petabit-per-second throughput is justified by means of physical layer performance and power consumption estimations for each case. Furthermore, the blocking and frame-loss performance of the proposed OPRs is presented, proving the viability of the proposed solutions.","PeriodicalId":49154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Networking","volume":"7 1","pages":"876-894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/JON.7.000876","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}