Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Brushing effect on retentive force and surface roughness of three overdenture attachment patrices: An in vitro study.","authors":"Waritta Mangkorn, Krid Kamonkhantikul, Woraporn Homsiang, Mansuang Arksornnukit","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the brushing effect on retentive force and surface roughness of titanium, coated titanium, and zirconia patrices in implant-retained overdenture attachments.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patrices in three denture attachments (titanium [Mini Ball], coated titanium [LOCATOR], and zirconia [Zeramex Docklocs]) were embedded in resin blocks and brushed for 50,000, 100,000, and 150,000 cycles with toothpaste slurry. The retentive force and surface roughness of both the occlusal and lateral surfaces of each patrix were measured and averaged. Data were analyzed using the 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant interactions between attachments and brushing cycles were found for both retentive force and surface roughness (p < 0.001). Zeramex Docklocs exhibited the highest retentive force, while Mini Ball exhibited the lowest. After 150,000 cycles, the retentive force in Mini Ball and LOCATOR was similar (p = 1.00), while Zeramex Docklocs increased significantly (p < 0.001). Zeramex Docklocs had the lowest occlusal surface roughness (p < 0.001), while Mini Ball had the lowest lateral surface roughness (p < 0.001). After 150,000 cycles, the surface roughness on the occlusal surface of Mini Ball decreased (p < 0.001), that of LOCATOR increased (p < 0.001), and Zeramex Docklocs showed no change (p = 1.00). In contrast, the surface roughness on the lateral surface of Mini Ball showed no change (p = 0.139), that of LOCATOR decreased (p < 0.001), and Zeramex Docklocs increased (p = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The patrices in each tested denture attachment could provide retention and maintain surface characteristics after stimulated brushing for up to 150,000 cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of different palatal vault depths on tissue surface adaptation of 3D-printed maxillary denture bases.","authors":"Nihan Kaya, Nuran Yanıkoğlu","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the effect of palatal vault depth on the tissue surface adaptation of complete denture bases made with conventional and 3D printing methods.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 36 maxillary denture bases were fabricated from three edentulous models with different palatal depths (shallow, medium, deep; n = 12 per depth) and were scanned and duplicated in stereolithography format to create 2-mm-thick maxillary denture bases. Two 3D printing techniques, digital light processing (DLP) and liquid crystal display (LCD), were compared with conventional compression molding (CCM) as a control. The intaglio surface of the denture bases was scanned, superimposed onto the models, and a total of 108 superimposing images were obtained. A total of 432 deviation analyses were performed by digitally assessing both the total intaglio surface and three specific regions (palatal vault, crest of the ridge, and border apex). Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the total intaglio surface, there was no statistically significant difference in deviation values among DLP, LCD, and CCM at any palatal depth (p > 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between the deviation values according to the three specific regions in all production techniques and at all depths (p < 0.05). In shallow palatal depth, the palatal vault region showed significantly lower deviation in DLP than in LCD and CCM (p < 0.05). The lowest deviation values overall were observed in the palatal vault, while the border apex exhibited the highest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The DLP technique demonstrated superior adaptation in cases with shallow palatal depth. Among all groups, the highest deviation was noted in the border apex region, underlining the need for extra attention or adjustments in clinical applications. Maxillary denture bases produced using DLP, LCD, and conventional methods showed clinically acceptable adaptation values across different palatal depths. Different production techniques can be used safely at different palatal depths.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can an increase in abutment screw length enable biomechanical advantages for implants with increased crown height space?","authors":"Mert Keleş, Hamiyet Güngör Erdoğan, Burak Yılmaz","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this finite element analysis (FEA) study was to investigate how screw length and crown height affect the stresses generated in the implant-abutment complex and alveolar bone for anterior single implants and whether the use of longer abutment screw would compensate for increased stresses originated from increased crown height space (CHS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A maxillary anterior segment was modeled, and one implant (Straumann bone level implants, 4.1 mm × 12 mm) was placed at the central incisor site. Three different crown heights (11, 13, and 15 mm) with two different abutment screw lengths (regular [R] 7.9 and long [L] 9.9 mm) were modeled, and coded as M 11-R, M 13-R, M 15-R, M 11-L, M 13-L, and M 15-L depending on the height and length, respectively. Horizontal (25.5 N) and 30-degree oblique forces (178 N) were applied to the crown. The stress magnitude and distribution were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>M 15-L showed the highest von Mises stress value (869.72 MPa) at the abutment under oblique loads. For both screw lengths, von Mises stress values in the abutment, abutment screw, and inside and outside of the implant walls around the implant platform increased with increased crown height. With the increase in length of the abutment screw, the von Mises stresses decreased in the inside and outside walls of the implant, while the stresses in the abutment increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Abutment screw length and crown height affected the amount of stress generated on implant components. Increasing the screw length may reduce the stresses on the implant and bone without increasing the stresses in the screw, potentially mitigating the risk of implant platform fractures and bone resorption, both of which are critical failures. Screw related issues may decrease as the area stresses effect has a tendency to reduce when longer screw is used in increased CHS situation (tall crowns).</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength to zirconia","authors":"Kushaldeep FNU BDS, MDS, CAGS, MS, FACP,&nbsp;Leen Musharbash DDS, MS, FACP,&nbsp;Fusun Ozer DMD, PhD,&nbsp;Francis Mante BDS, MSc, PhD, DMD, MA,&nbsp;Julian Conejo DDS, MSc,&nbsp;Viram Upadhyaya BDS, MDS,&nbsp;Eva Anadioti DDS, MSc, FACP,&nbsp;Markus B. Blatz DMD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14068","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopr.14068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the effect of various surface treatment methods on zirconia as it affects the bond strength to its substrate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sintered zirconium dioxide ceramic disks (KATANA Zirconia STML; <i>n</i> = 20; size 12 × 12 × 3 mm) were divided into five groups: no surface treatment (Group C), air-particle abraded with 50 µm aluminum oxide (Group AA), air-particle abraded with glass beads (Group GB), Zircos E etching solution for 2 h (Group ZE), and 48% hydrofluoric acid solution heated at 25°C for 30 min (Group HE). Cylindrical composite resin specimens (2.1 mm in diameter, 3 mm in height) were bonded to the zirconia samples with resin cement (Panavia V5) under a load of 1000 g and light cured for 80 s. Each group was divided into two subgroups, and shear bond strength (SBS) was tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min after storage in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C or after 10,000 thermocycles. The fractured surfaces of specimens were inspected with a stereo microscope, and failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed failures. One-way ANOVA test and paired <i>t</i>-test were applied for statistical analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Highest mean SBS values [MPa] were observed for Group AA (14.98 ± 3.19) followed by Group HF (14.8 ± 0.83), Group C (8.32 ± 1.95), Group GB (9.29 ± 0.99), and Group ZE (4.83 ± 0.47). Mean SBS values (MPa) of all the groups decreased significantly after thermal cycling and were for 5.45 ± 0.8 (Group C), 13.47 ± 2.33 (Group AA), 8.56 ± 1.35 (Group GB), 4.16 ± 0.63 (Group ZE), and 13.15 ± 1.27 (Group HF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Air-particle abrasion with alumina and heated 48% hydrofluoric acid provide higher bond strengths than the other surface treatments tested.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":"34 7","pages":"734-740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early management of cleft lip and palate using presurgical nasoalveolar molding and 3D-printed feeding plate and nasal stent: A narrative review and case report.","authors":"Santhanam Divakar, Manu Rathee, Sarthak Singh Tomar, Shefali Singla, Balavignesh Senthilvelpalani","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most prevalent congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region, ranking third among all congenital defects, with a multifactorial origin. While surgical intervention is essential to restore both form and function, it is often postponed due to the newborn's age. An 18-day-old female infant was referred from the Department of Plastic Surgery with a unilateral CLP. A treatment plan was devised involving presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) using the Grayson technique, alongside the use of a nasal stent incorporating both conventional and digital (3D) technologies. After 4 months, the cleft width in the alveolar region was reduced from 1.24 to 0.70 cm. Following primary lip repair, a feeding plate and nasal stent prosthesis were fabricated in preparation for the upcoming cleft alveolus and palate surgery. The combined prosthodontic and surgical approach led to optimal therapeutic results.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shade variability and stability in interim and definitive tooth-colored resin-based restorative materials: Comparing manufacturer-claimed shades to a universal shade guide.","authors":"Amal Alfaraj, Toshiki Nagai, Wei-Shao Lin","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the shade variability and stability of interim and definitive tooth-colored restorative materials by comparing manufacturer-claimed shades to a universal shade guide before and after thermocycling.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight commercially available tooth-colored restorative materials were tested, including conventional, milled, and 3D-printed types. Each material was categorized into three shade subgroups (A1, A2, and A3), with 10 samples per subgroup. The color differences (ΔE₀₀) between the materials' shades and a universal shade guide (VITA classical A1-D4) were measured using a digital spectrophotometer before (ΔE_00-R1) and after (ΔE_00-R2) thermocycling. A higher ΔE₀₀ indicated higher variability between the manufacturer-claimed shade and a corresponding universal shade guide. The ΔE₀₀ was analyzed using the CIEDE2000 formula, and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of materials, shades, and thermocycling. In addition, the ΔE₀₀ was compared against 50%:50% perceptibility threshold (PT) and 50%:50% acceptability threshold (AT) using one-sample t-tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observations from descriptive statistics showed that the milled Aidite group exhibited the lowest ΔE₀₀. In addition, shade A1 showed higher ΔE₀₀ than A2 and A3 within each group; however, the ΔE₀₀ between shade types A2 and A3 was similar. The three-way interaction among materials, shades, and thermocycling was significant (p < 0.0001), highlighting their combined effect on ΔE₀₀. No significant interaction between shade and thermocycling was observed (p = 0.6239), suggesting that thermocycling did not significantly affect ΔE₀₀ among shade subgroups. Comparison of ΔE_00-R1 and ΔE_00-R2 against 50%:50% PT (0.8) and 50%:50% AT (1.8) revealed significant color differences beyond both thresholds for most study groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Color variability in dental restorative materials is influenced by material, shade, and thermocycling. Most samples showed significant discrepancies from manufacturer-specified shades (A1, A2, and A3) when compared to the VITA classical A1-D4 guide. Clinicians might consider using a custom shade guide that is fabricated from the same material as the prostheses to improve shade matching outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maxillary reconstruction using subperiosteal dental implants: A clinical report","authors":"Hannah Machine DMD,&nbsp;Sassan Nadjmi DMD, FACP","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopr.14066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subperiosteal implants were first described in the literature in the 1940s. A new generation of subperiosteal implants that utilize digital and CAD-CAM technology to fit the implant precisely to the patient's bone anatomy are becoming more commonplace. This treatment modality can be very useful for patients who suffer from atrophic edentulous ridges where bone augmentation is not possible. This clinical report documents a clinical case where a subperiosteal titanium framework was inserted and restored with a maxillary implant-assisted complete denture in a patient who received a hemi-maxillectomy due to an ameloblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":"34 7","pages":"665-669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual milling technique for manufacturing monolithic complete dentures with 3D-printed occlusal surfaces: A dental technique.","authors":"Fu-Chuan Tsai, Wei-Shao Lin, Sheng-Wei Feng, Chi-Chun Liao, Wei-Chun Lin","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This technical report described a digital approach that utilized computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) workflows, integrating digital design, selective laser melting (SLM) metal 3D-printing, and a dual milling process to fabricate monolithic complete dentures with metal occlusal surfaces. The dual milling technology ensured accurate occlusion and minimized the risk of assembly errors. This technique is indicated for patients with severe occlusal wear in acrylic denture teeth by substituting metal for the occlusal surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trueness, precision, and internal fit of additively and subtractively manufactured definitive resin-based crowns.","authors":"Ahmet Orgev, Rui Li, Burak Yilmaz, Gulce Cakmak","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the fabrication trueness, precision, and internal fit of additively manufactured (AM) and subtractively manufactured (SM) resin-based definitive crowns.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A maxillary right first molar complete-coverage crown was designed and fabricated using 2 additively manufactured [Pro Resins Crown X (AM-S); Straumann USA LLC and Flexcera Smile Ultra+ (AM-F); Desktop Health] and 2 subtractively manufactured [Shofu HC (SM-S); SHOFU Dental Corp and Brilliant Crios (SM-C); Coltene/Whaledent AG] resins (n = 15). The crowns were scanned using an intraoral scanner (IOS) and then seated onto the abutment tooth and rescanned. Fabrication trueness was evaluated by superimposing test data (TD) over the reference crown and computing the root mean square (RMS, µm) error for overall, intaglio, and margin surfaces. Internal fit was evaluated by measuring the average gap distance between the crown and abutment tooth (µm) using a modified triple scan protocol (TSP) for overall, occlusal, and axial surfaces. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's comparison tests was used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed among the resin-based crown materials for trueness (RMS), precision deviation, and internal fit (p < 0.001). AM-F had the lowest intaglio RMS value. Margin RMS values for AM-F and AM-S were significantly lower than those for SM-C and SM-S (p < 0.001). SM-C and SM-S showed superior occlusal fit compared to AM-F and AM-S (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The type of CAD-CAM manufacturing method-additive or subtractive-significantly influenced the trueness and internal fit of resin-based definitive crowns.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of keratinized mucosa augmentation and peri-implant outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Anahita Moscowchi, Reza Amid, Mohammad Nahvi, Nazli Rastkar","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare different surgical timings for keratinized mucosa (KM) augmentation and assess the impact on peri-implant parameters stability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic searches were conducted through MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to June 13, 2024, which was completed with a manual search. The inclusion criteria focused on randomized and non-randomized human clinical studies that assessed outcomes of KM augmentation, with at least 3-months follow-up. The analysis included changes in KM width over time and several secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The studies included 855 patients and 1588 implants. The KM width significantly increased after surgery, regardless of the time or method of intervention (MD: 5.17, 95% CI: 4.59, 5.75, p<0.001). The second-stage surgery, particularly with the use of autogenous graft, indicated the lowest reduction in KM width up to 3 months after surgery, while a significant shrinkage was found when the augmentation was performed post-restoratively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evidence suggests that second-stage surgery is acceptable for KM augmentation, whereas the post-restorative phase is generally not the primary option. In cases where suboptimal soft tissue conditions are detected, it is advisable to either undertake KM augmentation or refer the patient for additional assessment before proceeding with the delivery of the restoration. Due to limited data, it is not possible to come to a definitive conclusion about the other surgical phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}