Medical Law Review最新文献_第4页

The role of the right to life in respect of deaths caused by negligence in the healthcare context. 在医疗保健方面因疏忽造成的死亡方面生命权的作用。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad037

Elizabeth Wicks

引用次数: 0

Margaret Brazier, Law and Healing: A History of a Stormy Marriage Margaret Brazier，《法律与治愈》：风雨婚姻史

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad042

Rebekah McWhirter

引用次数: 0

Regulating non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal sex determination. 调节胎儿性别测定的无创产前检测(NIPT)。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad014

Michelle Taylor-Sands, Chanelle Warton, Hilary Bowman-Smart

{"title":"Regulating non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal sex determination.","authors":"Michelle Taylor-Sands, Chanelle Warton, Hilary Bowman-Smart","doi":"10.1093/medlaw/fwad014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/medlaw/fwad014","url":null,"abstract":"Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) can be used to determine the chromosomal sex of the fetus at an early stage in a pregnancy. The use of NIPT for fetal sex determination raises concerns about potential selective termination of pregnancy by prospective parents who desire a child of a particular sex. Although sex selection for medical reasons is generally accepted, non-medical sex selection (NMSS) has been the subject of considerable controversy. In this article, we explore the current regulatory landscape around reproductive genetic testing techniques that may lead to NMSS, both internationally and within Australia. Specifically, we contrast the approach to regulating preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) with the minimal regulation of NIPT in Australia as a case study for reform. We examine ethical concerns raised in relation to NMSS, which form the basis of the current moratorium on the use of PGT for NMSS. We then highlight some key differences between using PGT for NMSS and NIPT for fetal sex determination to determine whether access to the latter should be regulated and, if so, how. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to restrict access to NIPT for fetal sex determination and, based on our Australian case study, recommend a facilitative approach to regulating NIPT that would support individuals to make informed reproductive decisions.","PeriodicalId":49146,"journal":{"name":"Medical Law Review","volume":" ","pages":"521-537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10681358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9898503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Daisy Cheung and Michael Dunn (eds), Advance Directives Across Asia: A Comparative Socio-legal Analysis. 更正：Daisy Cheung和Michael Dunn（编辑），《亚洲各地的预先指示：比较社会法律分析》。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad036

引用次数: 0

The frontiers of medical negligence and diagnosis: an interview-based analysis. 医疗过失和诊断的前沿:基于访谈的分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad009

Annie Mackley, Kathleen Liddell, Jeffrey M Skopek, Isabelle Le Gallez, Zoë Fritz

{"title":"The frontiers of medical negligence and diagnosis: an interview-based analysis.","authors":"Annie Mackley, Kathleen Liddell, Jeffrey M Skopek, Isabelle Le Gallez, Zoë Fritz","doi":"10.1093/medlaw/fwad009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/medlaw/fwad009","url":null,"abstract":"While errors in medical diagnosis are common and often litigated, the different dimensions of diagnosis-formation, communication, recording-have received much less legal attention. When the process of diagnosis is differentiated in this way, new and contentious legal questions emerge that challenge the appropriateness of the Bolam/Bolitho standard. To explore these challenges, we interviewed 31 solicitors and barristers and asked them: (i) whether Montgomery should apply to information about alternative diagnoses; and (ii) whether the Bolam/Bolitho standard should be rejected in 'pure diagnosis' cases. Our qualitative analysis of the interviews sheds light not only on the two questions posed, but also on three cross-cutting themes. First, Bolam/Bolitho is criticised on two grounds that are often conflated: its paternalism for patients and its deference to medical professionals. Second, adopting different standards for different aspects of treatment and diagnosis may be justified in principle, but it can sometimes be difficult or not make sense in practice. Third, new conceptions of patients, doctors, and courts are being articulated in terms of rights or responsibilities over risks. In mapping these issues at the frontiers of medical negligence, this empirical study identifies potential pressure points for future legal developments.","PeriodicalId":49146,"journal":{"name":"Medical Law Review","volume":" ","pages":"485-500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10681357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9551500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The (mis)use of fetal viability as the determinant of non-criminal abortion in the Netherlands and England and Wales. 在荷兰、英格兰和威尔士，(错误地)使用胎儿生存能力作为非刑事堕胎的决定因素。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad015

Samantha Halliday, Elizabeth Chloe Romanis, Lien de Proost, E Joanne Verweij

引用次数: 2

Interpersonal influences on decision-making capacity: a content analysis of court judgments. 人际关系对决策能力的影响:法院判决的内容分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad017

Kevin Ariyo, Nuala B Kane, Gareth S Owen, Alex Ruck Keene

{"title":"Interpersonal influences on decision-making capacity: a content analysis of court judgments.","authors":"Kevin Ariyo, Nuala B Kane, Gareth S Owen, Alex Ruck Keene","doi":"10.1093/medlaw/fwad017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/medlaw/fwad017","url":null,"abstract":"For many purposes in England and Wales, the Court of Protection determines whether a person has or lacks capacity to make a decision, by applying the test within the Mental Capacity Act 2005. This test is regularly described as a cognitive test with cognitive processes discussed as internal characteristics. However, it is unclear how the courts have framed interpersonal influence as negatively impacting upon a person's decision-making processes in a capacity assessment context. We reviewed published court judgments in England and Wales in which interpersonal problems were discussed as relevant to capacity. Through content analysis, we developed a typology that highlights five ways the courts considered influence to be problematic to capacity across these cases. Interpersonal influence problems were constructed as (i) P's inability to preserve their free will or independence, (ii) restricting P's perspective, (iii) valuing or dependence on a relationship, (iv) acting on a general suggestibility to influence, or (v) P denying facts about the relationship. These supposed mechanisms of interpersonal influence problems are poorly understood and clearly merit further consideration. Our typology and case discussion are a start towards more detailed practice guidelines, and raise questions as to whether mental capacity and influence should remain legally distinct.","PeriodicalId":49146,"journal":{"name":"Medical Law Review","volume":" ","pages":"564-593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10681350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9599365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence and clinical decision support: clinicians' perspectives on trust, trustworthiness, and liability. 人工智能与临床决策支持:临床医生对信任、可信度和责任的看法。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Caroline Jones, James Thornton, Jeremy C Wyatt

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and clinical decision support: clinicians' perspectives on trust, trustworthiness, and liability.","authors":"Caroline Jones, James Thornton, Jeremy C Wyatt","doi":"10.1093/medlaw/fwad013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/medlaw/fwad013","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) could revolutionise health care, potentially improving clinician decision making and patient safety, and reducing the impact of workforce shortages. However, policymakers and regulators have concerns over whether AI and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are trusted by stakeholders, and indeed whether they are worthy of trust. Yet, what is meant by trust and trustworthiness is often implicit, and it may not be clear who or what is being trusted. We address these lacunae, focusing largely on the perspective(s) of clinicians on trust and trustworthiness in AI and CDSSs. Empirical studies suggest that clinicians' concerns about their use include the accuracy of advice given and potential legal liability if harm to a patient occurs. Onora O'Neill's conceptualisation of trust and trustworthiness provides the framework for our analysis, generating a productive understanding of clinicians' reported trust issues. Through unpacking these concepts, we gain greater clarity over the meaning ascribed to them by stakeholders; delimit the extent to which stakeholders are talking at cross purposes; and promote the continued utility of trust and trustworthiness as useful concepts in current debates around the use of AI and CDSSs.","PeriodicalId":49146,"journal":{"name":"Medical Law Review","volume":" ","pages":"501-520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10681355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The appeal in Bell v Tavistock and beyond: where are we now with trans children's treatment for gender dysphoria? 贝尔诉塔维斯托克案及其他案件的诉求是:我们现在对跨性别儿童性别焦虑症的治疗进展如何?

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad025

Kirsty L Moreton

引用次数: 0

R v Foster: Exemplifying the urgency of the decriminalisation of abortion. R v Foster:例证了堕胎合法化的紧迫性。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad026

Elizabeth Chloe Romanis

引用次数: 0