Medical Law Review最新文献_第2页

Regulating algorithmic care in the European Union: evolving doctor-patient models through the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI-Act) and the liability directives. 欧盟对算法医疗的监管：通过《人工智能法案》（AI-Act）和责任指令演变医患模式。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae033

Barry Solaiman,Abeer Malik

{"title":"Regulating algorithmic care in the European Union: evolving doctor-patient models through the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI-Act) and the liability directives.","authors":"Barry Solaiman,Abeer Malik","doi":"10.1093/medlaw/fwae033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwae033","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare, particularly under the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act (AI-Act), poses significant implications for the doctor-patient relationship. While historically paternalistic, Western medicine now emphasises patient autonomy within a consumeristic paradigm, aided by technological advancements. However, hospitals worldwide are adopting AI more rapidly than before, potentially reshaping patient care dynamics. Three potential pathways emerge: enhanced patient autonomy, increased doctor control via AI, or disempowerment of both parties as decision-making shifts to private entities. This article contends that without addressing flaws in the AI-Act's risk-based approach, private entities could be empowered at the expense of patient autonomy. While proposed directives like the AI Liability Directive (AILD) and the revised Directive on Liability for Defective Products (revised PLD) aim to mitigate risks, they may not address the limitations of the AI-Act. Caution must be exercised in the future interpretation of the emerging regulatory architecture to protect patient autonomy and to preserve the central role of healthcare professionals in the care of their patients.","PeriodicalId":49146,"journal":{"name":"Medical Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The short-lived verdict in Le Page v Center for Reproductive Medicine: why 'personhood' matters in the regulation of assisted reproductive technologies. Le Page 诉生殖医学中心案的短暂判决：为什么 "人格 "在辅助生殖技术监管中很重要？

IF 1.8 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae020

Edward R Grant

引用次数: 0

Money matters: a critique of 'informed financial consent'. 钱的问题：对 "知情财务同意 "的批判。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae015

Sara A Attinger, Ian Kerridge, Cameron Stewart, Isabel Karpin, Siun Gallagher, Robert J Norman, Wendy Lipworth

{"title":"Money matters: a critique of 'informed financial consent'.","authors":"Sara A Attinger, Ian Kerridge, Cameron Stewart, Isabel Karpin, Siun Gallagher, Robert J Norman, Wendy Lipworth","doi":"10.1093/medlaw/fwae015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/medlaw/fwae015","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, concerns about the financial burdens of health care and growing recognition of the relevance of cost to decision making and patient experience have increasingly focused attention on financial 'transparency' and disclosure of costs to patients. In some jurisdictions, there have been calls not only for timely disclosure of costs information, but also for 'informed financial consent'. However, simply putting the 'financial' into 'informed consent' and invoking an informed consent standard for cost information encounters several ethical, legal, and practical difficulties. This article will examine the viability and desirability of 'informed financial consent', and whether it is possible to derive ideas from traditional informed consent that may improve decision making and the patient experience. We argue that, while there are important legal, ethical, and practical challenges to consider, some of the principles of informed consent to treatment can usefully guide financial communication. We also argue that, while medical practitioners (and their delegates) have an important role to play in bridging the gap between disclosure and enabling informed (financial) decision making, this must be part of a multi-faceted approach to financial communication that acknowledges the influence of non-clinical providers and other structural forces on discharging such obligations.","PeriodicalId":49146,"journal":{"name":"Medical Law Review","volume":" ","pages":"356-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Michael Holmes v Poeton Holdings Ltd [2023] EWCA Civ 1377: a necessary clarification for a non 'de minimis' discussion in causation. Michael Holmes 诉 Poeton 控股有限公司 [2023] EWCA Civ 1377：对因果关系中非 "微不足道 "讨论的必要澄清。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae024

Patricia de Moraes Paisani Matthey Claudet

引用次数: 0

Mediating disputes under the Mental Capacity Act 2005: relationships, participation, and best interests. 根据《2005 年心智能力法》调解纠纷：关系、参与和最佳利益。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae014

Jaime Lindsey, Chris Danbury

引用次数: 0

France's constitutional right to abortion: symbolism over substance. 法国宪法规定的堕胎权：象征意义大于实质意义。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae019

Zoe L Tongue

引用次数: 0

A health-conformant reading of the GDPR's right not to be subject to automated decision-making. 从健康角度解读 GDPR 规定的不受自动决策影响的权利。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae029

Hannah B van Kolfschooten

{"title":"A health-conformant reading of the GDPR's right not to be subject to automated decision-making.","authors":"Hannah B van Kolfschooten","doi":"10.1093/medlaw/fwae029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/medlaw/fwae029","url":null,"abstract":"As the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare is expanding, patients in the European Union (EU) are increasingly subjected to automated medical decision-making. This development poses challenges to the protection of patients' rights. A specific patients' right not to be subject to automated medical decision-making is not considered part of the traditional portfolio of patients' rights. The EU AI Act also does not contain such a right. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) does, however, provide for the right 'not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing' in Article 22. At the same time, this provision has been severely critiqued in legal scholarship because of its lack of practical effectiveness. However, in December 2023, the Court of Justice of the EU first provided an interpretation of this right in C-634/21 (SCHUFA)-although in the context of credit scoring. Against this background, this article provides a critical analysis of the application of Article 22 GDPR to the medical context. The objective is to evaluate whether Article 22 GDPR may provide patients with the right to refuse automated medical decision-making. It proposes a health-conformant reading to strengthen patients' rights in the EU.","PeriodicalId":49146,"journal":{"name":"Medical Law Review","volume":" ","pages":"373-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How should we decide how to treat the child: harm versus best interests in cases of disagreement. 我们应该如何决定如何对待孩子：在意见不一致的情况下，伤害与最佳利益的比较。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad040

David Archard, Emma Cave, Joe Brierley

引用次数: 0

Heritable human genome editing: correction, selection and treatment. 可遗传的人类基因组编辑：矫正、选择和治疗。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae003

Rosamund Scott

{"title":"Heritable human genome editing: correction, selection and treatment.","authors":"Rosamund Scott","doi":"10.1093/medlaw/fwae003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/medlaw/fwae003","url":null,"abstract":"Heritable human genome editing (HHGE) to correct a nuclear gene sequence that would result in a serious genetic condition in a future child is presented as 'treatment' in various ethics and policy materials, and as morally preferable to the 'selection' practice of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), which is subject to the disability critique. However, whether HHGE is 'treatment' for a future child, or another form of 'selection', or whether HHGE instead 'treats' prospective parents, are now central questions in the debate regarding its possible legalisation. This article argues that the idea of 'treatment' for a future child is largely a proxy for 'seriousness of purpose', intended to distinguish HHGE to avoid serious genetic conditions from less obviously justifiable uses; that HHGE is best understood, and morally justified, as a form of 'treatment' for prospective parents who strongly desire an unaffected genetically related child and who have no, or poor, options to achieve this; that HHGE would be morally permissible if consistent with that child's welfare; that legalisation is supportable with reference to the right to respect for private and family life under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights; and that HHGE is morally distinguishable from PGT.","PeriodicalId":49146,"journal":{"name":"Medical Law Review","volume":" ","pages":"178-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11132701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case Comment-JJ v Spectrum Community Health: When Medical Paternalism Meets Prisoners' Dignity. 案例评论-JJ 诉 Spectrum Community Health：当医疗家长制遭遇囚犯尊严。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medical Law Review Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwae005

Angelika R Reichstein

引用次数: 0