{"title":"The secret lives of single cells","authors":"Thomas K. Wood","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13806","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Looking back fondly on the first 15 years of <i>Microbial Biotechnology</i>, a trend is emerging that biotechnology is moving from studies that focus on whole-cell populations, where heterogeneity exists even during robust growth, to those with an emphasis on single cells. This instils optimism that insights will be made into myriad aspects of bacterial growth in communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5837304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Li, Chao Pan, Zhicheng Liu, Peng Sun, Xiaoting Hua, Erling Feng, Yunsong Yu, Jun Wu, Li Zhu, Hengliang Wang
{"title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a new glycoengineered vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii in mice","authors":"Xin Li, Chao Pan, Zhicheng Liu, Peng Sun, Xiaoting Hua, Erling Feng, Yunsong Yu, Jun Wu, Li Zhu, Hengliang Wang","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> poses a serious threat to human health, mainly because of its widespread distribution and severe drug resistance. However, no licensed vaccines exist for this pathogen. In this study, we created a conjugate vaccine against <i>A. baumannii</i> by introducing an O-linked glycosylation system into the host strain. After demonstrating the ability of the vaccine to elicit Th1 and Th2 immune responses and observing its good safety in mouse a model, the strong <i>in vitro</i> bactericidal activity and prophylactic effects of the conjugate vaccine against infection were further demonstrated by evaluating post-infection tissue bacterial loads, observing suppressed serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, the broad protection from the vaccine was further proved via lethal challenge with <i>A. baumannii</i>. Overall, these results indicated that the conjugate vaccine could elicit an efficient immune response and provide good protection against <i>A. baumannii</i> infection in murine sepsis models. Thus, the conjugate vaccine can be considered as a promising candidate vaccine for preventing <i>A. baumannii</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"15 2","pages":"703-716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6006058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Young-Tae Park, Taejung Kim, Jungyeob Ham, Jaeyoung Choi, Hoe-Suk Lee, Young Joo Yeon, Soo In Choi, Nayoung Kim, Yeon-Ran Kim, Yeong-Jae Seok
{"title":"Physiological activity of E. coli engineered to produce butyric acid","authors":"Young-Tae Park, Taejung Kim, Jungyeob Ham, Jaeyoung Choi, Hoe-Suk Lee, Young Joo Yeon, Soo In Choi, Nayoung Kim, Yeon-Ran Kim, Yeong-Jae Seok","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> (<i>F</i>. <i>prausnitzii</i>) is one of the most abundant bacteria in the human intestine, with its anti-inflammatory effects establishing it as a major effector in human intestinal health. However, its extreme sensitivity to oxygen makes its cultivation and physiological study difficult. <i>F</i>. <i>prausnitzii</i> produces butyric acid, which is beneficial to human gut health. Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as dietary fibre in the large bowel. The genes encoding butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (BCD) and butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase (BUT) in <i>F</i>. <i>prausnitzii</i> were cloned and expressed in <i>E. coli</i> to determine the effect of butyric acid production on intestinal health using DSS-induced colitis model mice. The results from the <i>E. coli</i> Nissle 1917 strain, expressing BCD, BUT, or both, showed that BCD was essential, while BUT was dispensable for producing butyric acid. The effects of different carbon sources, such as glucose, <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (NAG), <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine (NAGA), and inulin, were compared with results showing that the optimal carbon sources for butyric acid production were NAG, a major component of mucin in the human intestine, and glucose. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of butyric acid production were tested by administering these strains to DSS-induced colitis model mice. The oral administration of the <i>E. coli</i> Nissle 1917 strain, carrying the expression vector for BCD and BUT (EcN-BCD-BUT), was found to prevent DSS-induced damage. Introduction of the BCD expression vector into <i>E. coli</i> Nissle 1917 led to increased butyric acid production, which improved the strain’s health-beneficial effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"15 3","pages":"832-843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5676428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard L. Kimber, Fabio Parmeggiani, Thomas S. Neill, Mohamed L. Merroun, Gregory Goodlet, Nigel A. Powell, Nicholas J. Turner, Jonathan R. Lloyd
{"title":"Biotechnological synthesis of Pd/Ag and Pd/Au nanoparticles for enhanced Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling activity","authors":"Richard L. Kimber, Fabio Parmeggiani, Thomas S. Neill, Mohamed L. Merroun, Gregory Goodlet, Nigel A. Powell, Nicholas J. Turner, Jonathan R. Lloyd","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13762","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts have attracted considerable attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties. The ability of metal-reducing bacteria to produce highly catalytically active monometallic nanoparticles is well known; however, the properties and catalytic activity of bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with these organisms is not well understood. Here, we report the one-pot biosynthesis of Pd/Ag (bio-Pd/Ag) and Pd/Au (bio-Pd/Au) nanoparticles using the metal-reducing bacterium, <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i>, under mild conditions. Energy dispersive X-ray analyses performed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) revealed the presence of both metals (Pd/Ag or Pd/Au) in the biosynthesized nanoparticles. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) suggested a significant contribution from Pd(0) and Pd(II) in both bio-Pd/Ag and bio-Pd/Au, with Ag and Au existing predominately as their metallic forms. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) supported the presence of multiple Pd species in bio-Pd/Ag and bio-Pd/Au, as inferred from Pd–Pd, Pd–O and Pd–S shells. Both bio-Pd/Ag and bio-Pd/Au demonstrated greatly enhanced catalytic activity towards Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling compared to a monometallic Pd catalyst, with bio-Pd/Ag significantly outperforming the others. The catalysts were very versatile, tolerating a wide range of substituents. This work demonstrates a green synthesis method for novel bimetallic nanoparticles that display significantly enhanced catalytic activity compared to their monometallic counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"14 6","pages":"2435-2447"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5865927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of multifunctional non-protein amino acids: γ-aminobutyric acid and δ-aminolevulinic acid","authors":"Anping Su, Qijun Yu, Ying Luo, Jinshui Yang, Entao Wang, Hongli Yuan","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13783","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), playing important roles in agriculture, medicine and other fields, are multifunctional non-protein amino acids with similar and comparable properties and biosynthesis pathways. Recently, microbial synthesis has become an inevitable trend to produce GABA and ALA due to its green and sustainable characteristics. In addition, the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has continuously accelerated and increased the GABA and ALA yield in microorganisms. Here, focusing on the current trends in metabolic engineering strategies for microbial synthesis of GABA and ALA, we analysed and compared the efficiency of various metabolic strategies in detail. Moreover, we provide the insights to meet challenges of realizing industrially competitive strains and highlight the future perspectives of GABA and ALA production.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"14 6","pages":"2279-2290"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6003451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack X. Chen, Boon Lim, Harrison Steel, Yizhi Song, Mengmeng Ji, Wei E. Huang
{"title":"Redesign of ultrasensitive and robust RecA gene circuit to sense DNA damage","authors":"Jack X. Chen, Boon Lim, Harrison Steel, Yizhi Song, Mengmeng Ji, Wei E. Huang","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13767","url":null,"abstract":"<p>SOS box of the <i>recA</i> promoter, P<sub>VRecA</sub> from <i>Vibrio natriegens</i> was characterized, cloned and expressed in a probiotic strain <i>E. coli</i> Nissle 1917. This promoter was then rationally engineered according to predicted interactions between LexA repressor and P<sub>VRecA</sub>. The redesigned P<sub>VRecA-AT</sub> promoter showed a sensitive and robust response to DNA damage induced by UV and genotoxic compounds. Rational design of P<sub>VRecA</sub> coupled to an amplification gene circuit increased circuit output amplitude 4.3-fold in response to a DNA damaging compound mitomycin C. A TetR-based negative feedback loop was added to the P<sub>VRecA-AT</sub> amplifier to achieve a robust SOS system, resistant to environmental fluctuations in parameters including pH, temperature, oxygen and nutrient conditions. We found that <i>E. coli</i> Nissle 1917 with optimized P<sub>VRecA-AT</sub> adapted to UV exposure and increased SOS response 128-fold over 40 h cultivation in turbidostat mini-reactor. We also showed the potential of this P<sub>VRecA-AT</sub> system as an optogenetic actuator, which can be controlled spatially through UV radiation. We demonstrated that the optimized SOS responding gene circuits were able to detect carcinogenic biomarker molecules with clinically relevant concentrations. The ultrasensitive SOS gene circuits in probiotic <i>E. coli</i> Nissle 1917 would be potentially useful for bacterial diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"14 6","pages":"2481-2496"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6121824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferran Balaguer, María Enrique, Silvia Llopis, Marta Barrena, Verónica Navarro, Beatriz álvarez, Empar Chenoll, Daniel Ramón, Marta Tortajada, Patricia Martorell
{"title":"Lipoteichoic acid from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPL1: a novel postbiotic that reduces fat deposition via IGF-1 pathway","authors":"Ferran Balaguer, María Enrique, Silvia Llopis, Marta Barrena, Verónica Navarro, Beatriz álvarez, Empar Chenoll, Daniel Ramón, Marta Tortajada, Patricia Martorell","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13769","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obesity and its related metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are major risk factors for morbidity and mortality in the world population. In this context, supplementation with the probiotic strain <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> BPL1 (CECT8145) has been shown to ameliorate obesity biomarkers. Analyzing the basis of this observation and using the pre-clinical model <i>Caenorhabditis elegans,</i> we have found that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of BPL1 is responsible for its fat-reducing properties and that this attribute is preserved under hyperglycaemic conditions. This fat-reducing capacity of both BPL1 and LTA-BPL1 is abolished under glucose restriction, as a result of changes in LTA chemical composition. Moreover, we have demonstrated that LTA exerts this function through the IGF-1 pathway, as does BPL1 strain. These results open the possibility of using LTA as a novel postbiotic, whose beneficial properties can be applied therapeutically and/or preventively in metabolic syndrome and diabetes-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"15 3","pages":"805-816"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5997852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongle Li, Aoqiang Li, Joseph R. Hoyt, Wentao Dai, Haixia Leng, Yanfei Li, Wei Li, Sen Liu, Longru Jin, Keping Sun, Jiang Feng
{"title":"Activity of bacteria isolated from bats against Pseudogymnoascus destructans in China","authors":"Zhongle Li, Aoqiang Li, Joseph R. Hoyt, Wentao Dai, Haixia Leng, Yanfei Li, Wei Li, Sen Liu, Longru Jin, Keping Sun, Jiang Feng","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13765","url":null,"abstract":"<p>White-nose syndrome, a disease that is caused by the psychrophilic fungus <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i>, has threatened several North America bat species with extinction. Recent studies have shown that East Asian bats are infected with <i>P. destructans</i> but show greatly reduced infections. While several factors have been found to contribute to these reduced infections, the role of specific microbes in limiting <i>P. destructans</i> growth remains unexplored. We isolated three bacterial strains with the ability to inhibit <i>P. destructans</i>, namely, <i>Pseudomonas yamanorum</i> GZD14026, <i>Pseudomonas brenneri</i> XRD11711 and <i>Pseudomonas fragi</i> GZD14479, from bats in China. <i>Pseudomonas yamanorum</i>, with the highest inhibition score, was selected to extract antifungal active substance. Combining mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses, we identified the active compound inhibiting <i>P. destructans</i> as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 50.12 μg ml<sup>−1</sup>. Whole genome sequencing also revealed the existence of PCA biosynthesis gene clusters. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified volatile organic compounds. The results indicated that 10 ppm octanoic acid, 100 ppm 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (isoprenol) and 100 ppm 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (BHA) inhibited the growth of <i>P. destructans</i>. These results support that bacteria may play a role in limiting the growth of <i>P. destructans</i> on bats.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"15 2","pages":"469-481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6151874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jo?o Heitor Colombelli Manfr?o-Netto, Fredrik Lund, Nina Muratovska, Elin M. Larsson, Nádia Skorupa Parachin, Magnus Carlquist
{"title":"Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for production of vanillylamine from lignin-derived substrates","authors":"Jo?o Heitor Colombelli Manfr?o-Netto, Fredrik Lund, Nina Muratovska, Elin M. Larsson, Nádia Skorupa Parachin, Magnus Carlquist","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13764","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whole-cell bioconversion of technical lignins using <i>Pseudomonas putida strains</i> overexpressing amine transaminases (ATAs) has the potential to become an eco-efficient route to produce phenolic amines. Here, a novel cell growth-based screening method to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> activity of recombinant ATAs towards vanillylamine in <i>P. putida</i> KT2440 was developed. It allowed the identification of the native enzyme Pp-SpuC-II and ATA from <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> (<i>Cv-ATA</i>) as highly active towards vanillylamine <i>in vivo</i>. Overexpression of <i>Pp-SpuC-II</i> and <i>Cv-ATA</i> in the strain GN442ΔPP_2426, previously engineered for reduced vanillin assimilation, resulted in 94- and 92-fold increased specific transaminase activity, respectively. Whole-cell bioconversion of vanillin yielded 0.70 ± 0.20 mM and 0.92 ± 0.30 mM vanillylamine, for <i>Pp-SpuC-II</i> and <i>Cv-ATA</i>, respectively. Still, amine production was limited by a substantial re-assimilation of the product and formation of the by-products vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol. Concomitant overexpression of <i>Cv-ATA</i> and alanine dehydrogenase from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> increased the production of vanillylamine with ammonium as the only nitrogen source and a reduction in the amount of amine product re-assimilation. Identification and deletion of additional native genes encoding oxidoreductases acting on vanillin are crucial engineering targets for further improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"14 6","pages":"2448-2462"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6055834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laurie Taylor, Santiago Gutierrez, Susan P. McCormick, Matthew G. Bakker, Robert H. Proctor, Jennifer Teresi, Ben Kurtzman, Guixia Hao, Martha M. Vaughan
{"title":"Use of the volatile trichodiene to reduce Fusarium head blight and trichothecene contamination in wheat","authors":"Laurie Taylor, Santiago Gutierrez, Susan P. McCormick, Matthew G. Bakker, Robert H. Proctor, Jennifer Teresi, Ben Kurtzman, Guixia Hao, Martha M. Vaughan","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is the primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most economically important diseases of wheat worldwide. FHB reduces yield and contaminates grain with the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which poses a risk to plant, human and animal health. The first committed step in trichothecene biosynthesis is formation of trichodiene (TD). The volatile nature of TD suggests that it could be a useful intra or interspecies signalling molecule, but little is known about the potential signalling role of TD during <i>F. graminearum</i>-wheat interactions. Previous work using a transgenic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> strain engineered to emit TD (<i>Th</i> + <i>TRI5</i>) indicated that TD can function as a signal that can modulate pathogen virulence and host plant resistance. Herein, we demonstrate that <i>Th</i> + <i>TRI5</i> has enhanced biocontrol activity against <i>F. graminearum</i> and reduced DON contamination by 66% and 70% in a moderately resistant and a susceptible cultivar, respectively. While <i>Th + TRI5</i> volatiles significantly influenced the expression of the <i>pathogenesis-related 1</i> (<i>PR1</i>) gene, the effect was dependent on cultivar. <i>Th + TRI5</i> volatiles strongly reduced DON production in <i>F. graminearum</i> plate cultures and downregulated the expression of <i>TRI</i> genes. Finally, we confirm that TD fumigation reduced DON accumulation in a detached wheat head assay.</p>","PeriodicalId":49145,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"15 2","pages":"513-527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1751-7915.13742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6027772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}