Acta Bioethica最新文献

{"title":"General Data Protection Regulation and Horizon 2020 Ethics Review Process: Ethics Compliance under GDPR","authors":"Albena Kuyumdzhieva","doi":"10.12681/BIOETH.20832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/BIOETH.20832","url":null,"abstract":"The present manuscript examines the new ethics data protection requirements introduced for the research projects funded by the European Programme Horizon 2020.Initially, reference is made to the basic data protection principles introduced by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the derogations permitted in the research field in favor of the science advancement. Although these derogations are subject to a number of safeguards to protect personal data, new ethics requirements are introduced for research projects funded by the European Programme Horizon 2020. The aim of these safeguards is the increased transparency and accountability at the data processing and the consequent enhanced protection of the individuals’ rights. These requirements are geared to the main research ethics postulate, which requires free, voluntary and informed participation of the research subject.Under these new requirements, Horizon 2020 beneficiaries/applicants must comply with a set of predefined standards, reflecting their ethical and legal obligations, provide a detailed and precise description of the technical and organisational measures that will be implemented in order to safeguard the rights of the research participants and also demonstrate their observance. In addition, depending on the type of the data being processed and the data processing techniques, the H2020 applicants/beneficiaries may need to provide a number of additional documents/explanations and implement further measures.","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"1149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88325317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The question of the prohibition of prostitution in Europe: A comparative overview of the Nordic and the German- Dutch model and the inconsistencies of the Greek Legislation","authors":"Αριάδνη Πολυχρονίου","doi":"10.12681/BIOETH.20836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/BIOETH.20836","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to analyze and compare the two most influential systems that regulate prostitution in Europe: the Nordic model that is based on the total prohibition of prostitution and on the penalization of the purchase of sexual services and the German-Dutch model that introduces the normalization of prostitution via the legalization of the activity in question and the imposition of State controls and regulations.Furthermore, the article will focus on the policy of the European Union as well as on the Greek legislation regarding the confrontation of the phenomenon of prostitution. As far as the latter is concerned, the inconsistencies of the current legal framework and its applicability problems will be highlighted and the first efforts aiming at an alternative regulation of prostitution will be described.","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90302406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The two-fold significance of Research Ethics Committees (RECs): ensuring ethical research but also providing indirect ethics training of researchers","authors":"Βασιλική Μολλάκη (Vasiliki Mollaki)","doi":"10.12681/BIOETH.20831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/BIOETH.20831","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90524360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Προγενέστερες οδηγίες και το θέμα της προσωπικής ταυτότητας","authors":"Γεώργιος Μπούτλας, Στέλιος Βιρβιδάκης","doi":"10.12681/BIOETH.19688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/BIOETH.19688","url":null,"abstract":"Advance directives (ADs) are directives that a competent person gives in advance, for her treatment in case she is characterized (legally or by medical evaluation) incompetent for rational decision making that can guide action. ADs may be demands for active or passive euthanasia, raising legal and moral issues concerning their acceptance.In bioethics, although the view supporting the decisive authority of ADs, without any presuppositions, as expressions of self determination and of “critical interests”, remains dominant, there are strong philosophical objections to their unconditional acceptance. There are two opposed views on this issue: a) The so called extension view that supports the moral authority of ADs. b) The moral authority objection view that questions the moral acceptance of ADs, focusing on the continuity of personal identity (PI) and on the existence of experiential interests. In this paper we attempt to criticize the dominant bioethical view about the moral justification of ADs based on the extension view, dwelling mainly on cases of “happy demented” patients, who have strong experiential interests that can conflict with the “extended” critical interests.We thus examine first the more influential PI theories in bioethical discourse. These are the biological, the anthropological, the narrative and the psychological theories. Both psychological and narrative conceptions of PI adopt experiential data that are subject to relativistic evaluations and can lead to limitations of, and exceptions from, the concept of personhood. They both demand a thick first person identification of PI, which is then established as personal identity, supposedly grounding the authority of ADs. Despite their dominant position in bioethics, insofar as they lend support to the extension view, they face several objections.We try to defend the moral authority objection regarding ADs, by adopting a Kantian transcendental account of PI, which provides a rigid kernel that grounds a conception of human dignity as independent from any experiential assessment of abilities. This conception of human dignity also includes patients incompetent to express their will, and is endangered by the unconditional acceptance of ADs. We also investigate a possible moral justification of ADs in Kantian ethics which appeals to Kant’s positions on suicide.","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82979624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Το εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο των βιοηθικών προβλημάτων: ένας ενδεικτικός σχολιασμός","authors":"Μαρία Χωριανοπούλου","doi":"10.12681/bioeth.19689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/bioeth.19689","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to briefly examine and critically evaluate certain philosophical approaches of the utmost importance on the concepts of human dignity and autonomy. Since these notions are systematically invoked in the context of the current bioethical debates, it is imperative that their exact content be clarified. Thus, aspects of the human dignity are traced back to the stoic, Christian, Kantian, and post-Kantian tradition, while on the other hand two major conceptions of autonomy are analysed (autonomy conceived as self-determination and as self-restriction) along with their respective bioethical implications. Human dignity and autonomy being related to extremely divergent meanings, it follows that conceptual clarity is an indispensable prerequisite for conducting fruitful bioethical discussions","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81382885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Φαρμακογονιδιωματική: Ηθικά διλήμματα","authors":"Θωμάς Κορδόνης","doi":"10.12681/BIOETH.19691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/BIOETH.19691","url":null,"abstract":"In the present article I will depict some of the emerging controversies that are expected to be of serious concern in the developing field of pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics is the branch of genetics concerned with determining the likely response of an individual to therapeutic medications. The first upcoming issue is the voluntary agreement of the patients, concerning the research of their genome, that is also reflected in their relatives, as well as in their wider social group (s). Secondly, the great financial costs of pharmacogeonomic therapies is most likely to lead to new social inequalities or upsurge the existing ones in commodity of health. Furthermore, this will possibly lead to more group minorities, based on the rarity of some alleles among individuals and their following response to the applied medication. As for cognitive functions, pharmacogenomics seems to be a great challenge for the enhancement of both cognitive dysregulation in patients and intellectual ability in healthy individuals. Consequently, this will lead to an unbridgeable gap between the users and nonusers of newer medications regarding their intellectual abilities, that are unachievable by normal training of physical abilities. Last but not least, l will refer to whether or not genetic data regard strictly confidential personal data, not allowed to be published, despite of possible social benefit and to what extent their carrier has the right of ignoring it.","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75050366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ηθική ενίσχυση: Μια κριτική βασισμένη στην ωφελιμότητα;","authors":"Κυριακή Παπακωνσταντίνου","doi":"10.12681/bioeth.19690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/bioeth.19690","url":null,"abstract":"Recent rapid advances in the field of life sciences such as medicine, biotechnology, genetics, biology and neurosciences alongside cognitive sciences raise serious moral concerns. Among the key issues is the one that concerns the way our genetic structure as well as our brain chemistry influences our behaviour. Questions are continually emerging, regarding the genetic basis of behaviour and its manipulation, leading eventually to the enhancement, moral, psychological, cognitive etc. of the human being through science. One of the most controversial issues in bioethics is the possibility of using our knowledge to biologically manipulate traits which have genetic basis as well as to strategically influence people's moral dispositions and behaviour by biomedical means in order to enhance moral behaviour. Therefore, in this article, Ι will try to evaluate the moral enhancement and its importance as set out in the article by Julian Savulescu and Ingmar Persson “Moral Enhancement, Free Will and the God Machine”, while at the same time exploring whether the implementation of such a challenge can be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80379388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ευθανασία: Το σημαντικότερο πρόβλημα της Βιοηθικής","authors":"Μυρτώ Δραγώνα Μονάχου","doi":"10.12681/BIOETH.19693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/BIOETH.19693","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87558302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Εστιάζοντας στην επικοινωνία με τον ασθενή: τo εισαγωγικό μάθημα “Σχέση Ιατρού-Ασθενούς” στην Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Κρήτης","authors":"Χρήστος Λιονής","doi":"10.12681/BIOETH.19692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/BIOETH.19692","url":null,"abstract":"This brief report focuses on the communication between doctor-patient and provides the brief description of the skills that should accompany the doctor in his / her meeting with the patient. This review article refers also to the experience gained at the Medical School of Crete where a course on the \"doctor-patient relationship\" and on “compassionate health care” have been included in its medical curriculum.","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82580209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOETHICAL ISSUES FROM VIEW POINTS OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS ADMINISTRATION IN TURKEY, ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND ORTHODOX JUDAISM.","authors":"Cemal Huseyin Güvercin,&nbsp;Kerim M Munir","doi":"10.4067/S1726-569X2017000200327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2017000200327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The arguments set forth by religious authority are important since they play a crucial role in shaping the social values of the public and influence the decision of individuals in practice pertaining to bioethical issues. The Religious Affairs Administration (RAA) was established at the inception of the Republic of Turkey in 1924 to guide religious considerations moving out of the Ottoman caliphate to a secular bioethical framework. In this article, the bioethical views of the RAA under Islamic tradition is examined and contrasted with those influenced by the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Judaic traditions. On bioethical deliberations related to the beginning and end-of-life, all three religious traditions justify sacredness of life and that of God's will in its preservation it. Assisted reproduction techniques between spouses is considered to be appropriate, although third party involvement is explicitly forbidden. Organ transplantation is approved by all three religious traditions, except uterine transplantation. Contraceptive practices are approved under certain conditions - views differ most on approaches to contraception and the appropriateness of methods. The RAA judgement on cloning is to prohibit it, like Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Judaism. In other topics, cosmetic surgery and gender determination are approved only for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49112,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"23 2","pages":"327-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S1726-569X2017000200327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35545982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}