Archives of Natural History最新文献_第2页

The illustrated natural history lectures of Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins given in Britain, 1850s–1880s 本杰明-沃特豪斯-霍金斯 1850-1880 年代在英国举办的图文并茂的自然历史讲座

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0866

Richard Fallon

{"title":"The illustrated natural history lectures of Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins given in Britain, 1850s–1880s","authors":"Richard Fallon","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0866","url":null,"abstract":"Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins (1807–1894), celebrated in Britain and the United States for his models and illustrations of extinct animals, also had an extensive lecturing career. This paper discusses the reports of Hawkins’s lectures in Britain, delivered between the 1850s and the early 1880s. Unabbreviated transcriptions of his lectures are rare, but newspaper reports are numerous. Hawkins spoke on comparative anatomy, geology, palaeontology and art, his most prominent themes being the origin of dragon myths and the impossibility of human evolution. Above all, he was known for his ability to sketch natural forms rapidly and accurately as he spoke. Hawkins saw significant success in metropolitan centres, but he also built rewarding relationships with provincial towns. This allowed for substantial engagement with civic scientific communities, whose fossil specimens were used by Hawkins and whose local science initiatives were promoted in press accounts of his lectures. Hawkins’s fervent anti-evolutionism aroused attention, although his alternative explanation of life’s development, “the unity of plan”, led to some confusion, and he became embittered by the spread of evolutionary naturalism. Hawkins’s career faded in the 1880s, but memories of his lecturing style lingered with audiences at the century’s close.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Benedykt Tadeusz Dybowski and Wiktor Ignacy Godlewski: ground-breaking studies of Siberian natural history in the nineteenth century Benedykt Tadeusz Dybowski 和 Wiktor Ignacy Godlewski：十九世纪对西伯利亚自然史的开创性研究

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0858

Dominika Mierzwa-Szymkowiak, Robert Rutkowski

{"title":"Benedykt Tadeusz Dybowski and Wiktor Ignacy Godlewski: ground-breaking studies of Siberian natural history in the nineteenth century","authors":"Dominika Mierzwa-Szymkowiak, Robert Rutkowski","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0858","url":null,"abstract":"Benedykt Tadeusz Dybowski (1833–1930) was a Polish naturalist who, in 1864, was sent into exile in Siberia after the Polish uprising of 1863–1864. In 1865, he began his environmental research near Chita and then in Darasun. In 1868–1872, with his exiled associate Wiktor Ignacy Godlewski (1831–1900) , he conducted the first limnological studies of Lake Baikal. In their work, they used an instruments, tools and traps constructed by themselves. They described the lake’s properties and many of the endemic species like amphipods that lived in the lake. They also discovered many species of molluscs and fishes new to science. Dybowski also studied the differences in the malacofauna of the Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal, the ichthyofauna of the River Amur, the Ussuri and Lake Baikal, and the origin of individual species. The research in Siberia also included birds, that were collected in an innovative way. It was characteristic of Dybowski to create a series of individuals from a particular species. Based on the collected materials, he pointed out the differences or similarities in populations of species from geographically distant regions. The bird specimens thus contributed not only to knowledge of the fauna of Siberia but also to ecological and zoogeographical studies. The wide range of research and scientific discoveries of Dybowski and Godlewski became the basis for shortening their prison sentences and made it possible to return to their homeland. The collections of these naturalists – comprising thousands of specimens of sponges, crustaceans, spiders, molluscs, fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals – are still used today. The purpose of the paper is to disseminate knowledge about these naturalists, who remain well known in Poland, Russia, Ukraine and Germany, and their scientific legacy.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ornithology of Agnes Block (1629–1704): Dutch naturalist, artist, collector and patron 艾格尼丝-布洛克（1629-1704 年）的鸟类学：荷兰博物学家、艺术家、收藏家和赞助人

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0860

Deniz Martinez

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History of the crested turkey, a rare variant of the domesticated turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) 凤头火鸡的历史--驯化火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo）的一种罕见变种

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0867

Bruno M. Goddeeris, Boudewijn R. Goddeeris

{"title":"History of the crested turkey, a rare variant of the domesticated turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo)","authors":"Bruno M. Goddeeris, Boudewijn R. Goddeeris","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0867","url":null,"abstract":"In 1919, the famous Dutch poultry judge Cornelis van Gink (1890–1968) was aware of the existence of crested turkeys. Was this bird a natural rarity, variation or mutation? A search through historical records and published works yielded very few references to crested turkeys. From the financial accounts of the Great Condé in 1679 to pictures in books and journals of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in England and America, from a mounted specimen in Parma to a first photograph in 1938 in Newsweek, the beauty and rareness of this bird is evident. Attempts to breed crested turkeys were unsuccessful. In the nineteenth century William Bernhardt Tegetmeier (1816–1912), editor of The Field, had a major interest in these turkeys and together with Charles Darwin (1809–1882) studied and described skull deformations associated with well-known and common crested breeds of chickens. Deformation of the skull was also observed in the mounted specimen of the crested turkey preserved in Parma, Italy. Genetic analyses of crested poultry indicate that a mutation (autosomal incompletely dominant) in the crest gene is responsible for this phenotype. The mutation for crest formation with additional skull deformation might be responsible for some in ovo lethality or poor hatching which could explain the failure or difficulty in breeding this phenotype. In conclusion, all data indicate that the crested turkey is a mutation of the domestic turkey Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo and does not justify a new species or subspecies name.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GOSS, Andrew (editor). The Routledge handbook of science and empire GOSS, Andrew (editor).路特利奇科学与帝国手册

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0881

M. D. Eddy

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ASHBY, Jack. Platypus matters: the extraordinary story of Australian mammals; HOLMES, Branden and LINNARD, Gareth (editors). Thylacine: the history, ecology and loss of the Tasmanian tiger ASHBY, Jack.鸭嘴兽事务：澳大利亚哺乳动物的非凡故事》；霍尔姆斯、布兰登和林纳德、加雷斯（编辑）。塔斯马尼亚虎的历史、生态和消失

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0874

A. M. Lucas

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Mark Catesby, Cromwell Mortimer and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1730–1748): summarizing Catesby's The natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama islands 马克-凯茨比、克伦威尔-莫蒂默和《皇家学会哲学论文集》（1730-1748 年）：概述凯茨比的《卡罗莱纳、佛罗里达和巴哈马群岛的自然史》。

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0862

E. Nelson

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BIRKHEAD, Tim. Birds and us: a 12,000-year history, from cave art to conservation BIRKHEAD, Tim.鸟类与我们：从洞穴艺术到自然保护的 12000 年历史

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0876

Barbara Mearns

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The forgotten history of Oreortyx pictus (mountain quail), discovered by the Lewis and Clark expedition, 1806 路易斯和克拉克探险队发现的山鹑（Oreortyx pictus）被遗忘的历史，1806 年

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0865

Matthew R. Halley

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“Der fluglose Alk”: Johann Friedrich Naumann’s 1844 account of Pinguinus impennis (great auk) "Der fluglose Alk"：约翰-弗里德里希-瑙曼（Johann Friedrich Naumann）1844 年对大海鸥（Pinguinus impennis）的描述

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Archives of Natural History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.3366/anh.2023.0863

K. Schulze‐Hagen, Tim R. Birkhead

{"title":"“Der fluglose Alk”: Johann Friedrich Naumann’s 1844 account of Pinguinus impennis (great auk)","authors":"K. Schulze‐Hagen, Tim R. Birkhead","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0863","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the contribution of Johann Friedrich Naumann (1780–1857) to knowledge of the biology of Pinguinus impennis (great auk; “der fluglose Alk/ the flightless auk”), written for his natural history of German birds, Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands (1820–1844) and published in the twelfth and final volume in 1844, the year in which the great auk is generally accepted to have become extinct. Naumann, a farmer in a rural area of central Germany, never saw a live great auk, yet by careful examination of the literature, correspondence and conversations with other ornithologists, together with the examination of at least nine skins and three eggs, he produced an extraordinarily accurate and perceptive account of the bird. In the winter of 1830–1831, Naumann obtained his own great auk specimen – a bird in summer plumage – through Johann Heinrich Frank, one of several natural history dealers responsible for importing great auk specimens from Iceland to Denmark and Germany in the 1830s. Naumann noted several differences between the great auk and the smaller but morphologically similar Alca torda (razorbill), and suggested that the two species represented separate genera. Despite the plethora of publications relating to the great auk following its extinction, it is remarkable that Naumann’s exceptional account should have been almost entirely overlooked.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0