Cancer Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"ERRATUM: Impact of TTF-1 Expression on the Prognostic Prediction of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with PD-L1 Expression Levels of 1% to 49%, Treated with Chemotherapy vs. Chemoimmunotherapy: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.","authors":"Naoya Nishioka, Tae Hata, Tadaaki Yamada, Yasuhiro Goto, Akihiko Amano, Yoshiki Negi, Satoshi Watanabe, Naoki Furuya, Tomohiro Oba, Tatsuki Ikoma, Akira Nakao, Keiko Tanimura, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Akihiro Yoshimura, Tomoya Fukui, Daiki Murata, Kyoichi Kaira, Shinsuke Shiotsu, Makoto Hibino, Asuka Okada, Yusuke Chihara, Hayato Kawachi, Takashi Kijima, Koichi Takayama","doi":"10.4143/crt.2024.748.E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.748.E","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Fecal Immunochemical Tests by Sex, Geographic Region, and Test Characteristics.","authors":"Hyeung-Min Park, Seung Joo Kang, Miyoung Choi, Jae Hyun Kim, Jieun Jang, Yonghoon Choi, Eunhae Cho, Nayoung Kim, Seun Ja Park","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative FIT for CRC and advanced neoplasm (AN), and examined variations in performance by sex, geographic region, study design, FIT platform, and positivity threshold.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed was conducted. Studies evaluating the accuracy of quantitative FIT for CRC or AN using colonoscopy as a reference standard were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated using a bivariate random-effects model. Meta-regression analysis was performed to analyze the diagnostic differences between sexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three studies were included. FIT showed higher sensitivity for CRC than for AN (78.6% vs. 32.3%), with high specificity for both outcomes (93.7% and 95.2%, respectively). Case-control studies yielded a significantly higher AN sensitivity than cohort studies (50.7% vs. 29.7%; p<0.05). Western studies showed significantly higher AN sensitivity and lower specificity than Eastern studies (31.6% vs. 24.2%, p<0.05; and 95.0% vs. 96.5%, p<0.05, respectively). In the sex-stratified analyses, males showed higher AN sensitivity than females (34.1% vs. 30.8%) and significantly lower CRC specificity (90.1% vs. 93.1%; p<0.05); however, the meta-regression showed no significant sex effect on the overall diagnostic accuracy for CRC or AN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quantitative FIT demonstrated strong performance for CRC detection but limited sensitivity for AN. Variations in the study design, FIT platform, threshold, region, and sex should be considered when interpreting FIT accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and Causes of Death in Penile Cancer from A Korean Nationwide Data.","authors":"Junhee Park, Hyun Bin Shin, In Young Cho, Jin Hyung Jung, Kyungdo Han, Jinsung Park, Dong Wook Shin","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Penile cancer is a rare malignancy. We aimed to update 5-year survival outcomes and cause of death in penile cancer using a nationally representative cohort dataset.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From the Cancer Public Library Database, we identified 415 men aged ≥30 years who were diagnosed with penile cancer between 2013 and 2019. Five-year overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and relative survival (RS) were evaluated according to age at diagnosis, cancer stage, and primary treatment modalities. Causes of death in penile cancer were also examined according to the above variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 2.9 years, 148 patients (35.7%) died. Five-year OS, CSS, and RS were 61.0%, 75.3% and 71.4%, respectively. Younger patients and those with localized stages exhibited more favorable survival. Patients treated with surgery alone had the highest survival. Among the 148 deaths, penile cancer accounted for 58.8%, followed by other cancers (18.9%). Non-penile cancer deaths predominated in older patients and those with localized stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Five-year survival outcomes for penile cancer in Korea were comparable to those reported in Western countries and remained largely unchanged from historical estimates. Age, stage, and treatment modality were strong determinants of survival. Older patients and those diagnosed with localized disease more frequently died from causes other than penile cancer itself, highlighting the importance of comprehensive survivorship care and consideration of overall health status and comorbidity burden beyond oncologic surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Research and Development in South Korea, 2006-2024: A Text-Mining Analysis of National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS) Records.","authors":"Kang Seo, So-Yoon Lee, Soohyun Yu, Taehoon Kim, Kyu-Tae Han, Kui Son Choi, Aesun Shin","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize trends and structural patterns in government-funded cancer research and development (R&D) in South Korea using National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS) records.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed all NTIS projects during 2006-2024 (n=519,618), extracted via the NTIS OpenAPI. A bilingual regular-expression lexicon applied to Korean and English titles and keywords classified projects as definite (C2), possibly (C1), or unrelated (C0) to cancer, validated by two independent physicians on stratified samples. Outcomes included annual cancer-related project counts and funding, research-stage composition, and keyword dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lexicon identified 18,833 definite and 381 possible cancer-related projects, with high validated accuracy (κ=0.997). Cancer-related projects rose from 905 in 2006 (2.85% of NTIS projects) to a peak of 4,008 in 2021 (5.42%) and then plateaued (3,753 in 2023). In 2024, amid a government-wide R&D reduction, counts declined to 3,386 (5.67%), though cancer-related R&D was relatively protected as its NTIS share rose. Funding peaked at approximately 673 billion KRW in 2023 (1.9%-3.3% of annual government R&D). Basic research accounted for 71.7% of projects, whereas funding was more evenly distributed (basic 51.4%, development 23.0%, applied 17.5%). Keywords shifted from anticancer drugs and metastasis toward microenvironment, biomarkers, immunotherapy, liquid biopsy, organoids, and artificial intelligence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Government-funded cancer R&D in South Korea expanded through 2021 and was subsequently sustained-including relative protection during the 2024 government-wide R&D reduction-while retaining a basic-research backbone and shifting toward precision- and data-intensive oncology. NTIS-based monitoring may help guide strategic allocation of public cancer R&D.</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Immunotherapy Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer (KCSG LU23-15).","authors":"Yun-Gyoo Lee, Tae-Hwan Kim, Du-Young Kang, Ji Hyun Park, Kyoungmin Lee, Juwhan Choi, Sung Yong Lee, Ji Won Lee, Yoon Ji Choi, Ah-Reum Lim, Jung Yoon Choi, Jung Sun Kim, Hee Kyung Ahn, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Eun Joo Kang","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chemoimmunotherapy has improved outcomes in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but its benefit in older adults remains uncertain because this population is underrepresented in clinical trials. We evaluated the real-world efficacy of first-line atezolizumab plus etoposide-carboplatin according to age in patients with ES-SCLC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter retrospective study across seven Korean institutions and identified patients with ES-SCLC treated between 2016 and 2022 with atezolizumab plus etoposide-carboplatin or etoposide-platinum chemotherapy alone. Patients with recurrence after prior limited-stage disease or incomplete records were excluded. End points were overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 550 identified patients, 538 were included: 247 received atezolizumab plus chemotherapy and 291 received chemotherapy alone. Overall, 111 patients (20.2%) were aged 75-80 and 57 (10.4%) were older than 80years. In the overall population, atezolizumab was associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.93; p=0.006) and OS (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.93; p=0.006). Age-stratified analyses showed significant PFS benefit only in patients aged 70-75 (HR, 0.67; p=0.049) and significant OS benefit only in patients aged 65-70 (HR, 0.65; p=0.044). Beyond 75 years, neither PFS nor OS was significantly improved. Patients aged ≥75years also had lower ORR and more progressive or non-evaluable disease compared with <75years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical benefit of adding atezolizumab appears attenuated in ES-SCLC patients age 75 years or older, supporting careful selection and age-adapted treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Transplant-Eligible Dialysis-Dependent Multiple Myeloma Patients.","authors":"Myungwon Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Ho-Young Yhim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Sang Min Lee, Ho-Jin Shin, Jae-Cheol Jo, Jongheon Jung, Yundeok Kim, Jae Hoon Lee, Ji Hyun Lee, Sunghyun Kim, Sung-Hoon Jung, Kihyun Kim","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in transplant-eligible patients with dialysis-dependent multiple myeloma (DDMM) remains unclear. We compared outcomes between ASCT and non-ASCT approaches in newly diagnosed DDMM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this multicenter retrospective study, 117 patients with newly diagnosed DDMM who remained dialysis-dependent throughout induction therapy were included. Patients who achieved dialysis independence during induction were excluded. In the ASCT group, patients also remained dialysis-dependent at transplantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-induction overall response and ≥VGPR rates were comparable between groups. In the ASCT group, responses deepened significantly after transplantation. Among 53 paired-evaluable patients, ≥CR increased from 18.9% before ASCT to 60.4% after ASCT, while ≥VGPR from 52.8% to 83.0%; 67.9% experienced response deepening. In diagnosis-anchored analyses, ASCT was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (median, 39.4 vs. 12.1 months; p<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (median, 71.4 vs. 40.3 months; p=0.020); however, when ASCT was modeled as a time-dependent covariate and adjusted for baseline covariates, neither PFS (HR, 0.63; p=0.122) nor OS (HR, 0.78; p=0.463) remained statistically significant, indicating that the apparent survival advantage should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. Early post-transplant mortality was 5.5%, and non-relapse mortality was 3.6%. Durable dialysis discontinuation occurred in 16.4% and 12.9% of the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively (p=0.611).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In transplant-eligible patients with DDMM, ASCT was feasible and was associated with substantial deepening of response. After accounting for immortal time bias, the apparent survival advantage was attenuated and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating, warranting confirmation in prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative Imatinib Treatment Continuation Patterns and Long-Term Outcomes in Locally Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors After Neoadjuvant Therapy: An Exploratory Two-Center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Jin-Hu Chen, Zhi-Ming Cai, Zhen-Rong Yang, Tao Lin, Shi-Chai Hong, Xin-Cheng Su, Yue-Ming Lin, Zheng-Xing Lin, Zai-Sheng Ye, Yong-Jian Zhou","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe perioperative imatinib continuation patterns and explore associations with long-term outcomes in patients with locally advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) undergoing curative-intent surgery after neoadjuvant therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively screened 395 patients receiving preoperative imatinib at two centers from 2012 to 2024. The analytic cohort comprised 171 patients with primary locally advanced GIST who underwent curative-intent surgery after neoadjuvant imatinib. Total perioperative exposure combined neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment durations. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and a 36-month landmark analysis were performed. Recurrence patterns and post-recurrence management were reviewed in 39 recurrent cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median follow-up was 46 months; 39 patients (22.8%) recurred and 20 (11.7%) died. Five-year overall survival was 76.1%, 91.7%, and 96.7% for total exposure ≤36, >36 to ≤48, and >48 months, respectively, whereas recurrence-free survival did not differ significantly. In the landmark cohort (n=97), exposure >36 months was not significantly associated with post-landmark recurrence-free survival (HR, 0.881; 95% CI, 0.319 to 2.431; P=0.807) or overall survival (HR, 0.238; 95% CI, 0.043 to 1.303; P=0.098). Liver metastasis (53.8%) and peritoneal/abdominal dissemination (48.7%) were the most frequently documented first recurrence sites; 38.5% had multisite recurrence and 15.4% received local treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Longer perioperative imatinib exposure showed favorable survival patterns in fixed-exposure analyses, but the association was attenuated in landmark analysis. These surgery-conditioned findings are exploratory and do not establish an optimal treatment duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early On-Treatment Host Fitness Dynamics Refine Prognostic Stratification in Advanced NSCLC Receiving First-Line Immunotherapy.","authors":"Se-Il Go, Jinyong Kim, Sehhoon Park, Il Hwan Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Jang Ho Cho, Eun Kyung Cho, Hyun Woo Lee, Ji-Hyun Park, Eun Joo Kang, Youngjoo Lee, Nak-Hoon Son, So Hyeon Gwon, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn, Gyeong-Won Lee","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We assessed whether baseline and early on-treatment measurements of host fitness using the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) provide complementary prognostic information in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Within the prospective, multicenter OPTIMUS trial, 497 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving first-line pembrolizumab-based therapy were analyzed. PNI was calculated from serum albumin and lymphocyte count at baseline and before cycle 2 (early on-treatment). Using a cutoff of 50.5, 441 patients with paired measurements were classified by baseline/early on-treatment PNI status as high/high, high/low, low/high, or low/low.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low baseline PNI was associated with lower objective response and higher treatment-related mortality. Among responders, low early on-treatment PNI was associated with lower odds of 6-month response maintenance (adjusted OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17-0.97). Response-maintenance rates were lowest in the low/low group at both 6 and 12 months. In multivariable analyses including both PNI time points, low early on-treatment PNI was associated with shorter PFS (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.11-2.04), whereas low baseline PNI was not (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.94-1.71). Both low baseline PNI (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.07-2.19) and low early on-treatment PNI (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.02-2.12) were associated with shorter OS. The higher mortality risk in the low/low group was generally consistent across PD-L1 expression and treatment regimen subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PNI assessment at baseline and before cycle 2 provides complementary prognostic information, with early on-treatment PNI particularly related to PFS and response durability (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04909164).</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Genomic Analysis Reveals Molecular and Clinical Disparities between Bladder and Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in K-MASTER Program.","authors":"Jiwon Kim, Jwa Hoon Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Seok Ho Kang, Jae Lyun Lee, Woo Kyun Bae, Miso Kim, Jong Gwon Choi, Inkeun Park, Ji Hyun Park, Sang Joon Shin, Jungmin Jo, Se Hoon Park, Kwonoh Park, Ji Yoon Lee, Youjin Song, Dayoung Lee, Namsung Moon, Jason K Sa, Yoon Ji Choi","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The clinical outcome of urothelial carcinoma presents significant variability, reflecting its molecular composition, epidemiologic attributes, and primary site of origin. Despite histological similarities, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) represent two distinct disease entities with disparate treatment responses and mutational patterns.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To assess the impact of molecular heterogeneity on treatment outcomes, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of 231 metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients, including 175 patients with BLCA and 56 patients with UTUC, in the K-MASTER program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our investigation unveiled dynamic molecular properties and mutational patterns in key molecules, including TP53, FGFR3, CREBBP, and SPEN. BLCA patients demonstrated enrichment of APOBEC mutational signature activities, whereas UTUC patients were characterized by activation of the cell cycle pathway. Transcriptome analysis uncovered unique biological signatures, highlighting increased cell migration and WNT signaling in BLCA, while FGFR3 and stem-cell-like pathways predominated in UTUC. Moreover, our study highlighted increased resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy among UTUC patients. Importantly, tumor mutational burden (TMB) emerged as a robust independent predictor of immunotherapy response in BLCA. Additionally, a machine learning-based multivariable model identified FGFR3 mutation as a molecular determinant associated with favorable clinical outcomes, in contrast to FGFR2 mutations, which were linked to increased resistance to chemotherapy. The study also has limitations, including a limited sample size of UTUC patients and a lack of functional validation of the identified molecular mechanism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide unprecedented insights into the significance of molecular and clinical disparities in urothelial carcinoma, facilitating disease-specific treatment interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Risk of Lung Cancer among Korean Never-Smokers: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Sung Woo Moon, Jiyeong Kim, Dong-Woo Han, Dong Won Park","doi":"10.4143/crt.2026.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lung cancer risk in a large population-based cohort of never-smokers in Korea.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we identified adults who underwent national health screening in 2009 and consistently reported their never-smoker status at baseline and subsequent examinations. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for lung cancer incidence, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, residential area, income, and alcohol consumption. Analyses were further stratified according to sex and BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 2,721,804 never-smokers were followed up for a mean of 14.0 years. The incidence of lung cancer was higher among participants with MetS than those without (adjusted HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). MetS was significantly associated with lung cancer risk in men (HR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.11-1.25) but not in women (HR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.99-1.07), with the risk evident in normal-weight and pre-obese men but, in women, mainly in those with obesity (HR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.16).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MetS was associated with a modest increase in the risk of lung cancer among Korean never-smokers, showing a significant association among men but not women. MetS risk was evident even among normal-weight men, whereas among women, it was more pronounced in those with obesity. These findings suggest that metabolic abnormalities, relatively underrecognized as cancer-related risk factors, could contribute to the risk of lung cancer, even in the absence of tobacco exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":49094,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}