Cancer Control最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Radiologists' and Artificial Intelligence Performance Detecting Suspicious Microcalcifications on Screening Mammograms: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Sarah J Lewis, Jayden B Wells, Zhengqiang Jiang, Dania Abu Awwad, Melissa L Barron, Phuong Dung Yun Trieu","doi":"10.1177/10732748261470916","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261470916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionEarly breast cancer detection through periodic screening is crucial for reducing mortality due to later stage detection. Microcalcifications are common mammographic findings, present in both malignant lesions, benign pathologies, and normal tissues. This study aimed to assess radiologists' observer performance in determining suspicious calcifications requiring recall, and to compare reader performance to an in-house AI model trained and tested on Australian screening mammograms.MethodsIn this pilot proof-of-concept cross-sectional study, radiologists (n=27), breast physicians (n=2), and final year radiology trainees (n=6), completed the same mammographic test set consisting of 30 mammographic cases displaying different types of calcifications (10 breast cancer, 20 normal/benign). An in-house trained artificial intelligence model (<i>Sydney-GMIC)</i> was also applied to the same test set. Performance between readers was compared to AI via Spearman Rank-Order Correlation test. Work experience and caseload trends were compared using independent T tests and Mann-Whitney-U.ResultsSensitivity was significantly higher in radiologists with ≤ 10 years of experience compared to radiology trainees (72.2% vs 53.3%, <i>p</i>=0.042). Furthermore, readers with higher cases read per week (CPW) (i.e. 101-200 CPW compared to 0-20 CPW) had a decreased specificity (58.8% vs 74.6%, <i>p</i>=0.041), but higher sensitivity (68.8% vs 59.2%, <i>p</i>=0.12). In this pilot dataset, the <i>Sydney-GMIC</i> AI model demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity than the radiologist means. The cases perceived as difficult by AI differed substantially from those challenging for human readers.ConclusionsThis study highlights the challenging nature of recalling calcifications from screening mammograms only, with variable performance among readers. The findings of this small pilot study are exploratory in nature, but the AI performance signals the potential utility of AI models in mammographic analysis of screening cases to progress to recall.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261470916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-Based Gastric Cancer Screening in Japan: Evolution, Challenges, and Lessons for Implementation.","authors":"Fumiaki Ishibashi, Nobutake Yamamichi, Taishi Okumura, Chikamasa Ichita, Katsuro Ichimasa, Masashi Misawa, Chika Kusano, Manami Inoue, Kazuo Ohtsuka, Takuji Gotoda","doi":"10.1177/10732748261476091","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261476091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japan has developed one of the world's most established population-based gastric cancer screening systems through more than six decades of continuous refinement in public health policy, technological innovation, and quality assurance. This review summarizes the historical development, technological evolution, quality assurance framework, and future perspectives of gastric cancer screening in Japan, while providing comparisons with major gastric cancer screening programs and prevention initiatives worldwide. Japanese gastric cancer screening can be traced to the postwar adaptation of mass tuberculosis radiographic screening systems, followed by the nationwide implementation of double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography. Subsequent advances in gastrointestinal endoscopy, including high-resolution imaging, magnifying endoscopy, and image-enhanced endoscopy, have facilitated the transition toward endoscopic screening and improved early gastric cancer detection. Japan has also established highly standardized quality assurance systems, including structured training, credentialing, standardized examination protocols, defined quality indicators, and continuous program monitoring of screening performance. These efforts have supported the standardization and continuous quality improvement of population-based gastric cancer screening programs. The incidence and risk-factor profile of gastric cancer are changing rapidly because of declining <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> prevalence, population aging, and increasing recognition of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-naïve gastric cancer. Consequently, future screening systems will likely require greater incorporation of personalized risk stratification, optimized allocation of endoscopic resources, and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopy and structured digital quality assurance systems. Japan's experience provides a valuable case study illustrating how quality assurance, technological innovation, and public health infrastructure can be integrated to support population-based gastric cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261476091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Cervical Cancer Screening Disparities: At-Home Self-Collection Among LGBQ+ Populations.","authors":"Colleen McNicholas, Lisa Memmel, Clair Kaplan, Youri Hwang, LaShonda Crane, Ronald Orso, Kimberly Harshberger, R Lamar Parker, Ann Collins, Christine Conageski, Sangini Sheth, Lindsay Kuroki, Jenell Coleman, Elizabeth Sutton, Ashley Jennings, Emeline Aviki, Megan Fitzpatrick, Karl Hibler, Alexandra Ripkin, Meghna Mukherjee","doi":"10.1177/10732748261448263","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261448263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundOver 20 million people in the U.S. are behind on cervical cancer screenings (CCS). Sexual minority populations are 50% less likely to engage in routine screening, putting them at higher risk for cervical dysplasia and cancer due to undetected precancer and delayed diagnosis. Their barriers to speculum exams include access to care, sexual trauma, and provider bias. At-home HPV self-collection (SC) offers a clinically accurate, preferred alternative screening method.ObjectiveTo assess clinical agreement, usability, and screening experiences and preferences for an FDA-authorized at-home vaginal SC device among participants who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer, or other non-heterosexual identities (LGBQ+).MethodsSELF-CERV was a prospective, multi-site method-comparison study conducted across 16 U.S. sites. Participants completed SC in a simulated at-home setting and underwent clinician collection with a speculum and cervical brush; paired specimens were tested for primary HPV using the Roche cobas. Surveys assessed barriers to screening, prior screening experiences, usability, and preferences. 609 participants were enrolled; 599 had paired samples, including 74 LGBQ+ participants.ResultsCompared with heterosexual participants, LGBQ+ participants more frequently delayed or avoided screening, had lower preventive care engagement, and described worse prior speculum-based screening experiences, including higher pain, discomfort, and aversion. Clinical agreement between self- and clinician-collected specimens was comparable, with no unanticipated safety concerns. The SC device was rated as easy to use and acceptable across groups; LGBQ+ participants reported greater comfort and empowerment and a stronger preference for at-home self-collection. Qualitative comments emphasized privacy and reduced distress, including trauma- and dysphoria-related concerns.ConclusionAt-home SC is a clinically valid, usable, and strongly preferred CCS option, particularly among LGBQ+ populations who experience disproportionate barriers to speculum-based CCS. Broader adoption of FDA-authorized at-home SC paired with telehealth will enable future impact assessment to reduce persistent disparities in CCS for LGBQ+ populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261448263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13161634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognosis of Patients With Large Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Retrospective Study of the SEER Database and a Chinese Multi-Center Registry.","authors":"Yaxin Kang, Liangwu Zhuang, Lele Chang, Jing Liu, Cong Wang, Qin Xu","doi":"10.1177/10732748261449853","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261449853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionLarge cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (LCNEC), a rare and aggressive malignancy, has poor survival. Due to the scarcity of specific treatment guidelines and the limitations of small retrospective studies, this study aims to assess prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in cervical LCNEC using data from both the SEER database and a Chinese multicenter registry.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter cohort study included 130 patients diagnosed with cervical LCNEC between 2004 and 2021, including 87 from the SEER database and 43 from the Chinese registry. We compared clinicopathological variables, treatment approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and survival outcomes. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic factors.ResultsThe Chinese cohort exhibited a lower proportion of metastatic cases (13.95% compared to 49.43%, p<0.001), earlier disease stages (AJCC IV: 13.95% vs. 49.43%, p<0.001), and higher rates of surgery (76.74% vs. 56.32%, p=0.023) and chemotherapy (93.02% vs. 83.91%, p=0.147). The median overall survival was 22.0 months (95% CI: 17.0-29.5), with the Chinese cohort demonstrating superior 5-year survival (44.0% vs. 27.3%, p<0.001). Surgery was found to reduce the risk of mortality in both cohorts, particularly for locally advanced disease. Chemotherapy improved survival in the SEER cohort, while radiotherapy showed no significant benefit. Advanced T-stage and nodal involvement were identified as predictors of poor prognosis.ConclusionSurgery and chemotherapy remain cornerstone interventions for survival improvement, with surgical resection showing particularly pronounced benefits in locally advanced cases. Prospective studies are needed to optimize guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261449853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13172726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurse-Led Interventions for Sexual Dysfunction in Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Eilean Rathinasamy Lazarus, Gerald Amandu Matua, Joshua Kanaabi Muliira","doi":"10.1177/10732748261494382","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261494382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionSexual dysfunction is a common consequence of cancer that affects survivors' body image, social relationships, and quality of life more often than in the general population, yet it remains frequently overlooked in cancer care. This scoping review aimed to describe nurse-led interventions for sexual dysfunction and their outcomes among people with cancer and cancer survivors.MethodsA scoping review was conducted and reported following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Six databases and grey literature were searched for primary studies (2015-2025) focusing on nurse-led interventions for sexual dysfunction or related outcomes in adults with cancer or cancer survivors. Twenty-four eligible studies were identified, and the findings were narratively synthesized.ResultsMost studies used quasi-experimental or single-group designs, with few randomized controlled or mixed-method studies. The studies were geographically concentrated in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The interventions were mostly multicomponent psychoeducational or psychosexual programs combining tailored education, counselling, skills training, and strategies such as pelvic-floor exercises, relaxation techniques, and guidance on lubricants or vaginal dilators. Many interventions improved pain during intercourse, lubrication, sexual distress, and sexual satisfaction. In some culturally adapted or theory-based programs, sexual function scores moved from severe dysfunction towards normal ranges. Larger pragmatic trials in settings with enhanced usual care showed modest or domain-specific benefits and no clear advantage in terms of overall sexual function.ConclusionsNurse-led interventions are beneficial and can ameliorate pain during intercourse, lubrication problems, and sexual distress, especially in patients with gynecological cancers. The size and durability of these benefits remain uncertain. Future work should focus on testing culturally adapted and partner-inclusive interventions, using designs that ensure longitudinal follow-up. Integration of nurse-led sexual care in routine care for male and other cancer patients is also needed to ensure comprehensive cancer rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261494382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Immunotherapy: Baseline 16S rRNA Profiling as a Pragmatic Tool for Clinical Stratification.","authors":"Giuliana Ciappina, Teresa Maltese, Giordana Di Mauro, Vincenzo Fiorentino, Antonio Ieni, Alessandro Ottaiano, Carmen Simone, Pierluigi Consolo, Teresa Pollicino, Massimiliano Berretta","doi":"10.1177/10732748261500279","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261500279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem involved in the modulation of host immune responses. Accumulating evidence links gut microbial composition to the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), although most evidence supporting microbiota-based biomarkers remains observational. Higher baseline alpha-diversity has been associated with favorable outcomes in several cohorts, but these associations are not uniform, and individual taxonomic signatures show substantial inter-study variability. In this perspective, we discuss baseline microbiota profiling as a promising investigational approach to patient stratification in immuno-oncology. Despite its methodological limitations, 16S rRNA sequencing remains a scalable, reproducible, and clinically feasible approach compared with more complex techniques such as shotgun metagenomics. Standardization of sampling procedures, sequencing methodologies, and bioinformatic pipelines is essential for the reliable implementation of microbiota-based biomarkers in routine clinical care. Integrating gut microbiota assessment into pre-treatment evaluation may improve patient selection and support a more biologically informed approach to immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261500279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity on Distribution and Outcomes Among Women With Choriocarcinoma in Florida.","authors":"Claud Crosby, Alex Sanchez-Covarrubias, Jovanka Ravix, Navya Nair, Abdulrahman Sinno, Maurice Chery, Sophia H L George, Matthew Schlumbrecht","doi":"10.1177/10732748251413803","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748251413803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionWhile race/ethnicity are established factors of risk and outcomes for multiple cancers in women, nativity may more precisely estimate cancer risk and survival. The role of nativity in choriocarcinoma, a form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia arising from the placenta, is unexplored. Our objective was to examine how race, ethnicity, and nativity influence disease presentation and survival in women with choriocarcinoma in Florida.MethodsUsing the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS), we identified women diagnosed with choriocarcinoma from 1981-2020. Clinicodemographic data were extracted, including nativity (US-born/Non-US-born). Statistical analyses included chi-square, Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan-Meier method, with significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.Results262 eligible patients were included. Black women more frequently presented with distant disease vs White women (63.8% vs 46.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.05). Non-US-Born women were older at diagnosis than US-born (32.8 vs 26.7 years, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and received fewer surgical and radiation treatments (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Nativity, ethnicity, and race were not associated with overall survival (OS) (all <i>P</i> > 0.05). Multivariable analyses adjusted for race and birthplace showed increasing age (HR 1.05 [1.02-1.09], <i>P</i> = 0.023) and surgical treatment (HR 0.28 [0.09-0.79], <i>P</i> = 0.016) were associated with OS. Despite favorable OS, survival curves diverged after initial treatment, favoring White over Black patients, and Hispanic over Non-Hispanic patients, though neither were statistically significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05).ConclusionRace and nativity are associated with variations in choriocarcinoma presentation and treatment course but do not affect survival. Race and ethnicity may predict post-treatment, long-term survival, though whether this reflects choriocarcinoma biology or broader disparities remain unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748251413803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12775359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Screening isn't Your Ticket to Vacation\": In-depth Interviews With Women in the United States Who Experienced an Interval Breast Cancer.","authors":"Veronica Irvin, Danielle Bertoni, Maritza Leon Gutierrez, Jimena Caballero Ignacio, Stephanie Hagerty, Kristen Moylan, Anthony Franklin","doi":"10.1177/10732748261417409","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261417409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionInterval breast cancers are detected symptomatically after a non-suspicious mammogram, but before the patient's next scheduled screen. Interval breast cancers are often diagnosed at a later stage and larger size, and have poorer prognostic factors and survival than screen-detected breast cancer. Our qualitative study heard from women with interval breast cancer to describe their symptoms and their reactions to the diagnosis; and identify themes for educational messaging.MethodsWe conducted 20 in-depth interviews with participants who were between the ages 40-69, had all screening, diagnostic, and treatment services completed within the same hospital system, and had a negative mammogram screen followed by breast cancer diagnosis before the next screen.ResultsFifteen women noticed a lump cyst during a breast self-exam or when dressing. Most women reached out to their gynecologist or their primary care provider. Main themes from their reactions to the diagnosis included: unaware that interval breast cancers could occur; surprised that screening tools could not see all cancer; worried to being seen as ridiculous based on previous experience with non-cancerous breast issues, and disappointed that they waited to reach out for care. Ideas for messaging included: listen to your body, prioritize your health, and keep doing breast self-exams.ConclusionBreast cancer prevention programs should focus on the awareness of interval breast cancers and the importance of breast self-exams and self-awareness in conjunction with screening mammograms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261417409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12827916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinician Nudge to Gynecologic Oncology Referral at Suspected Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Anna Jo Bodurtha Smith, Shivan J Mehta, Tessa Cook, Charlie Chambers, Shavon Rochester, Hanna Zafar, Lisa Jones, Elizabeth A Howell, Anne Marie McCarthy, Justin Bekelman","doi":"10.1177/10732748261424959","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261424959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionOnly two-thirds of patients with ovarian cancer ever see a gynecologic oncologist. Our objective was to examine the feasibility of an electronic health record-based nudge to clinicians for referral to gynecologic oncology at suspected ovarian cancer by imaging.MethodsWe developed a nudge, a short behavioral economics informed best practice advisory with a pended referral order for gynecologic oncology, for primary care, emergency medicine, and obstetrician/gynecology clinicians for when a patient had a O-RADS 4 or 5 lesion on imaging and had not already seen gynecologic oncology. In 2024, clinicians were sent the nudge within 2 business days of a patient's abnormal imaging through the electronic health record. Our primary outcome was referral rate to gynecologic oncology compared to a historic cohort of patients with O-RADS 4 or 5 lesions from 2020-2023.ResultsIn this prospective cohort study, we sent 20 clinician nudges for gynecologic oncology referral; six clinicians (30%) responded that the nudge changed their referral behavior. The 90-day referral rate was 75% compared to historic baseline of 61%. In the pilot, 92% patients undergoing surgery for complex adnexal mases had surgery with gynecologic oncology compared to historic baseline of 82%. One in four patients in the pilot were diagnosed with cancer, all early-stage disease.ConclusionsA clinician nudge for gynecologic oncology referral at suspected ovarian cancer diagnosis was acceptable and associated with 75% referral rate. A clinician nudge standardizes gynecologic oncology referral and may improve early detection of ovarian cancer. A randomized controlled trial of the clinician nudge is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261424959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12924968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Molecular Insights Into Epidemiological, Genetic, and Metabolic Risk Factors of Gallbladder Cancer: Implications for Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targeting, and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Deeptima Jaiswar, Vinay Jeeyar, Soham Choudhury, Manjusha Dixit","doi":"10.1177/10732748261433619","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748261433619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare yet highly aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract, characterized by a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. Its asymptomatic onset and the lack of reliable early diagnostic tools contribute to delayed detection and poor clinical outcomes. Although epidemiological and genetic studies have identified numerous risk factors, the molecular mechanisms linking these factors to tumor initiation and progression remain incompletely understood. This review integrates current evidence on the multifactorial etiology of GBC-including geographic variation, genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, chronic inflammation, and infections-with emerging insights into metabolic and molecular dysregulation. Particular focus is placed on metabolic reprogramming as a central driver of carcinogenesis. Altered lipid metabolism, bile acid signaling, and redox imbalance interact with inflammatory and oncogenic pathways, fostering a permissive microenvironment for malignant transformation. Key molecular cascades include inflammation-driven NF-κB activation, bile acid-induced oxidative stress, PI3K/AKT-mediated metabolic remodeling, and DNA damage and repair defects. By consolidating diverse epidemiological and mechanistic data into a unified molecular-metabolic framework, this narrative review identifies new opportunities for biomarker discovery, metabolic imaging, early detection, and targeted therapeutic development, advancing translational research to improve outcomes in this devastating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":49093,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"10732748261433619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12979908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}