Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic control of soybean resistance to brown spot (Septoria glycines): first studies","authors":"C.R.L. Brogin, C. Arias, J. Toledo","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A05","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the genetic effects that control a trait is essential to direct the breeding program for gains in the selection process. The main objective of this study was to investigate the genetic control of soybean resistance to brown spot. Two tolerant cultivars (FT-2 and Dourados) and two susceptible cultivars (Davis and Paraná) and the segregant F2 and F3 generations derived from the crosses between these cultivars were assessed for reaction to the disease after inoculation. Genetic models were adjusted to the means and variances of the generations. It could be concluded that the trait is governed by various genes with lesser effect, has low to medium heritability and selection should be made always using progeny from the F3 generation and can be made during the initial stages of soybean growth, based on the mean of at least two trifoliate leaves.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"966 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77590186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A plant binary vector with an antisense soybean UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene","authors":"A. Borém, P. Olhoft, L. Litterer, D. Plank, D. Somers","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A07","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean seeds are a valuable food and feed source because of their high protein and oil content. Conventional breeding has had limited success in increasing both oil and protein. Reducing the amount of cell wall polysaccharide in soybean seed could allow higher protein and oil content, thus increasing their economic value. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis. To investigate the role of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in seed development, a transgenic approach was initiated. A new binary vector has been constructed for soybean transformation that has the following features: i) the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt); ii) placement of the selectable marker adjacent to the T-DNA left border and, iii) an antisense copy of the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene driven by the seed-specific vicilin promoter. This genetic construct was engineered to suppress the expression of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in soybean seeds.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"49-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87164659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis of aluminum tolerance and grain quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"J. F. Silva, C. Riede, Maria Brígida, Santos Scholz","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A09","url":null,"abstract":"Grain quality has a major importance in the Brazilian wheat market and industry. However, one of the major limiting factor in quality wheat production is the presence of Aluminum (Al) toxicity in the soil. Twentyfive, 50 and 52 percent of soils in the world, Brazil and Parana state respectively, contain acidity. The present study had the objective of estimating genetic parameters to identify gene action and heritability of traits in segregating populations of wheat. The Al screening in hydroponic solution and MS-SDS sedimentation analysis for quality were used in a generation mean analysis. Predominantly additive gene effects were present controlling the traits under evaluation, indicating possibilities of selection progress. The relatively high values of narrow sense heritability for sedimentation volume in the crosses IPR 85/OR 1, Iapar 78/Minnpro, Grandin/Iapar 46 and Iapar 53/Trigo BR 23, and Al tolerance in IPR 85/OR 1 and Grandin/Iapar 46 suggests that successful selection can be accomplished in the early segregating generations.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"87 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76098112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint scaling test to estimate genetic parameters of soybean resistance to frogeye leaf spot","authors":"G. Gravina, S. M. Filho, C. Sediyama, C. Cruz","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A08","url":null,"abstract":"To study the inheritance of soybean resistance to Cercospora sojina Hara, genetic parameters were estimated using means and variances of populations derived from a cross between a resistant and a susceptible cultivar, namely, ‘Uberaba’ and ‘Bossier’, respectively. The parents and the F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 and BC 2 generations were evaluated for six characteristics associated with the disease: visually evaluated infection degree; number of lesions per leaflet; lesion mean diameter; percentage of lesioned leaf area, number of lesions per square centimeter and disease index. The additive genetic effect was the most important in the determination of all traits related to soybean resistance to frogeye leaf spot. The infection degree, a subjective trait that considers the set of all resistance related characteristics in its constitution, presented positive variance and lower influence of the environment, consisting in a useful variable in programs of soybean breeding aiming at the resistance to C. sojina. All traits presented at least one type (aa, ad or dd) of significant epistatic interaction and the full model (additive + dominant + epistatic) was more adequate to describe the resistance.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"89 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80922134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity analysis of peppers: a comparison of discarding variable methods","authors":"E. R. Rêgo, M. M. Rêgo, C. Cruz, P. Cecon, F. Finger","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A03","url":null,"abstract":"There are a lot of variables in genetic diversity studies, and it is necessary to know whether or not they are all important and which ones can be discarded. There are often little changes in clustering patterns if a subset of these variables is used, because the discarded variables are redundant or of little contribution to the variability. This study aimed at comparing two discards of variables methods – the Singh method and the principal components method – as well as evaluating the effect of the discards on the cluster analysis. In this analysis data of six ripe fruits traits were used. Other characters with previously known variability or collinearity were added to the analysis. The method considered being the most efficient was the one, which indicated variables that did not alter the initial clustering pattern when discarded. The Singh method did not detect variation differences when standardized data were used. When the distance was obtained by the non-standardized data, the pericarp thickness (0.018%), total soluble solids (0.1668%) and minimum width (2.99%) had the lowest contribution to the divergence. The principal components pointed out that the characteristics fruit length, total soluble solids and seeds yield/fruit were considered as dispensable variables. There were changes in the initial clustering pattern when the variable pericarp thickness was discarded, and the Singh method was not efficient in detecting the importance of this variable. There were no changes in the initial clustering pattern when fruit length was discarded. The data showed that the two compared methods differed, since Singh’s and principal component methods showed different variables to be discarded. The Singh method was not efficient in detecting multicollinearity among variables. The principal component method was more efficient in pointing out the variables that can be discarded. It is advisable that the genetic divergence is calculated based on the scores of the principal components. In future studies, when there is no replicated data, the genetic divergence and the pinpoint of characters should be calculated based on the principal component scores to avoid discarding some important variables when determining divergence. However, if the variable values differ independently, the Singh method based on Euclidean distance is appropriate.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76723240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype x environment interaction in common bean yield and yield components","authors":"N. D. Ribeiro, Leo Hoffmann Junior, Marcos Roberto, Dobler Stroschein, Borba Possebon","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A04","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed genotype x environment interaction effects on common bean yield and its components. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated in two agricultural years in two traditional cropping seasons in Rio Grande do Sul state - Brazil. The results obtained showed significant genotype x years interaction, which changed the genotype rank in each evaluation year. Path analysis showed that correlation between yield and its components was modified by the genotype x years interaction. These results suggest that more years of evaluation are necessary to obtain more reliable and useful estimates.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"385 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of traits evaluated in a split-plot or factorial experiment","authors":"C. Guilherme, Portela de Carvalho, C. Cruz","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A01","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper repeatability expressions are derived and their respective ANOVA estimators obtained by using split-plot and factorial models, both in a randomized complete block design. The paper also considers different fixed and random effect models and their assumptions and restrictions. Repeatability estimates, such as the correlation between successive measurements (over time) of the same genotype, always have the same value regardless of the model used, and this allows repeatability to be calculated using models based on the mean of the experimental units (mean of blocks) of each genotype in each time. This independence was not observed for repeatability estimates at the upper limit of broad-sense heritability based on the mean of successive measurements (over time) of the same genotype. The repeatability of traits evaluated in experimental trials of different designs is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75246645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivar x day period interaction effects on soybean artificial cross efficiency","authors":"Arlindo Harada, D. Destro, N. D. Silva, F. Júnior","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A06","url":null,"abstract":"Efficiency of artificially crossing soybean germplasm was investigated using the BR-16, CD 201 and CD 206 cultivars, which are recommended for cropping in Parana state, Brazil. The BR-16 x CD 206 and CD 201 x CD 206 hybridizations were carried out at seven different day of times: 8.30 am, 10.00 am, 11.30 am, 1.00 pm, 2.30 pm, 4.00 pm and 5.30 pm under controlled conditions in a greenhouse, in the town of Cambe, northern Parana state. A randomized complete block design with six replications and treatments in split plots was used. The results indicated that the efficiency, evaluated as percentage of successful pollinations, depended exclusively on the female parent genotype. The BR-16 cultivar requires more careful handling during artificial hybridization because its percentage of successful pollination was consistently lower than that of CD 201. The data confirmed the possibility of conducting artificial hybridizations in soybean throughout the day under controlled conditions in a greenhouse, increasing the effective capacity of carrying out a large number of hybrid combinations.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"45-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86846984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization of new varieties and hybrids of citrus table fruit through isoenzymes","authors":"C. Oliveira, E. B. Radmann","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to establish isoenzymatic patterns to genetically characterize the orange varieties ‘Lane Late’, ‘Navalete’, ‘Navelina’ and ‘Salustiana’, mandarin varieties ‘Clemenules’, ‘Marisol’ and ‘Satsuma Okitsu’, and the hybrids ‘Nova’ and ‘Ortanique’. The following isoenzymatic systems were utilized: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (APS), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), peroxidase (PRX), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH). Proteins were extracted from leaves and the isoenzymatic polymorphisms were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The PGM isoenzyme showed the highest differentiation among the genetic materials tested. The banding profiles observed for PGM, SKDH and EST were satisfactory to characterize the mandarin varieties and hybrids studied. However, no polymorphic bands were found in sweet oranges with the 14 isoenzymes tested.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84712000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among fruit firmness, morphological traits and RAPD markers in the \"firm\" tomato mutant","authors":"A. R. Schuelter, V. Casali, S. Brommonschenkel, F. Finger, C. T. Guimarães, A. Teixeira, Amaral","doi":"10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.V03N01A02","url":null,"abstract":"The Santa Clara Cultivar is widely known in the tomato-producing region of Vicosa (MG). Recently, tomato plants from the same cultivar with changes in morphological traits and post-harvest fruit characteristics have been identified. The inheritance study and the allelism test carried out by Schuelter et al. (2002) determined that a recessive gene with pleiotropic effects modified the expression of morphological traits, such as the color of stigma and fruits and the early leaf senescence. This gene, present in the ‘firm’ mutant ( frm ), was mapped on the tomato chromosome 10 region - the same region of the lutescent-2 ( l-2 ) gene. However, the identification and location of the genes that increase the firmness of ‘firm’ mutant fruits remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the inheritance of morphological and firmness characteristics of fruits which were modified by the mutation using RAPD markers. Results demonstrated that the genomic region comprising the l-2 gene increases the fruit firmness, explaining from 6.27 to 25.09% the phenotypic variation for this trait along the 15 day-period of storage. However, the AQ16 747 and AS8 622 markers, mapped at 11.67 and 21.67 cM from the mutation frm, indicated that the further they were located from this region, the smaller proportion of the phenotypic variation they had. Thus, we can conclude that that the genomic region flanking the l-2 gene also increases fruit firmness in the ‘firm’ mutant, a trait that has never been associated with this gene.","PeriodicalId":49085,"journal":{"name":"Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2003-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77055925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}