Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research最新文献

{"title":"Tigers at higher elevations outside their range: What does it mean for conservation?","authors":"S. Shrestha, A. Sherpa, Sony Lama, Munmun Tamang, P. Paudel","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s43","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal’s population of endangered Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris) is on the rise. In recent years, the presence of tigers has been documented at higher elevations. The objective of this study is to explore the possible reasons for the tigers’ presence at the higher elevations. It is critical that these high-altitude habitats for tigers be further explored and protected. The study points out the importance of the Mahabharat range and a longitudinal conservation gradient approach in Nepal. Apart from this, it is imperative to assess the density of tigers and tiger prey in the area. Even though high-altitude ecology may be suitable for tiger growth, the formulation of a high-altitude tiger conservation action plan with effective coordination between stakeholder organizations and concerned departments is of great importance. Tigers are an apex species of the terrestrial ecosystem and exist in a precarious state throughout their range. The tiger is a globally endangered species (Goodrich et al. 2015). In the past, the tiger once existed as nine subspecies, now reduced to only six subspecies that exist in the wild. The subspecies Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) has the largest population and is restricted to South Asia, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal (Global Tiger Initiative 2010). In the past century, P. tigris numbers have plummeted from 100,000 to below 3,500. Presently, wild P. tigris’ habitat covers approximately 1.2 million km2 in 13 Tiger Range Countries (TRCs) (Global Tiger Initiative 2010). Faced with decreasing P. tigris populations, TRCs in 2010 proposed doubling P. tigris populations by 2022, from a global estimate of ~3,643 in the year 2010 to ~5,845 by the year 2022 under the Global Tiger Recovery Program (Global Tiger Initiative 2010). P. tigris are listed as endangered on the Red List of threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and under Appendix I by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In Nepal the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973, classified P. tigris as a protected species. India, along with Bhutan, Nepal, Russia and Indonesia, has successfully recovered wild P. tigris populations. In recent years, P. tigris have been recorded at higher elevations outside of their usual habitat (Figure 1). For example, presence of P. tigris was recorded from 3,602 m at Arunachal Pradesh and at 3,274 m in Uttarakhand in India, 4,038 m in Bhutan and 3,165 m from Nepal (Adhikarimayum & Gopi 2018; Bhattacharya & Habib 2016; Tempa et al. 2019). Similarly, the presence of P. tigris was documented at higher elevations in Nepal (i. e., 2,500 m) and in far-western Nepal bordering on Nanda Devi National Park in India, Uttarakhand. A camera trap also recorded P. tigris in Eastern Nepal at 3,165 m (Red Panda Network 2020) bordering on Singalila National Park in India, North Sikkim. P. tigris are not the only species that are being sighted ","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81637705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report on the International Symposium of Mountain Studies, part of the 34th International Geographical Congress, Istanbul (16–20 August 2021)","authors":"A. Gunya, F. Sarmiento","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s47","url":null,"abstract":"The 34th International Geographical Congress was held online from 16 to 20 August 2021. Its main themes were strengthening our collective response to global problems and building bridges between continents. The International Geographical Union Commission of Mountain Studies (IGU-CMS) organized an International Symposium of Mountain Studies (Istanbul) as part of the congress, with 11 presentations over three different sessions. Three explored the development of mountain research methodology (montology), which underpins the advancement of mountain science. These focused on: montology as applied to mountain conservation; getting to grips with urbanization; and the reality of periglacial geographies. Other topics covered by the presentations included disciplinary methods of ecosystem dynamics, land-use change, transhumance, climate change model simulations of terraced landscapes, conservation of flagship species and mountain responses to extreme weather scenarios. The IGU-CMS also presented its plans for an edited book series on montology and announced the launch of its first volume (Montology Palimpsest: A Primer of Mountain Geographies) in time for next year’s IGU Paris 2022. The range of participants and topics at the 34th International Geographical Congress reflected the current state of geography, which is influenced by global trends: environmental change under the influence of climate factors, diffusion of digital technologies into all spheres of life, pandemics, migration crises, etc. The overarching themes of the congress were strengthening our collective response to global problems and building bridges between continents. In his keynote lecture, Professor Mike Meadows called geography the “science of sustainability”, and the core objective of geography “the study of the relationship between humans and the environment”. He argued that, perhaps more than any other scientific discipline, geography makes a significant contribution to understanding human-environment relations, as demonstrated in the following areas: 1) hazard and risk research, 2) human impact studies, 3) Earth system science, 4) remote sensing and GIS, 5) environmental history, 6) landscape studies. This interaction between physical and human geography is evident in the study of mountains. The results of studies in the world’s mountain systems were presented in several sessions at the congress. Of particular note was the International Symposium of Mountain Studies, with 11 presentations given over three sessions. Three presentations explored the development of mountain research methodology (montology), which underpins the advancement of mountain science. The presentation by the Chair of the Commission of Mountain Studies, Professor Fausto Sarmiento (USA), focused on aspects of practical montology (Applied Montology: Critical Biogeography of Andean Treelines and the Humboldtian Paradigm on Satoyama Landscapes). Montology, as a complex science of mountains, where the issues of the","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77956866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Man and the Biosphere Reserve as a natural and socio-economic laboratory for the sustainable future of small rural communities","authors":"Sara Di Lonardo, A. Cinocca","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis125","url":null,"abstract":"The UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo-Alto Molise was established in 1977 in Molise Region (Central Italy) to safeguard local natural and managed ecosystems in two separate areas administered by two different municipalities. An association of seven small municipalities with various local bodies, the ASSOMAB Alto Molise Consortium, was established in 2006 to expand and zone the Reserve in order to promote innovative and environmentally sustainable approaches to economic and social development, by setting in place a new model of sustainable and integrated management in the area. In the renewal step of 2014, UNESCO agreed the expansion of the old protected areas into a single, larger reserve, to be managed by the Consortium. Today it covers nine Natura 2000 sites, seven of which are included in the European Habitats Directive, and two in the Birds Directive. Local administrators and stakeholders see the Reserve as an opportunity to develop sustainable actions while protecting and enhancing the extraordinary environmental richness, including the remarkable biodiversity. In this paper, the authors discuss the current situation and the socio-economic opportunities in this rural landscape, which is affected by population ageing, outmigration and a diminishing economy, all of which are significant drivers of land-use changes, particularly land abandonment and forest expansion. Profile","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77832622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About borders and limits: experiences with UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for transboundary cooperation in Ukraine and neighbouring countries","authors":"P. Ibisch, Angela Dichte, F. Hamor, Andrii Holovko, V. Pokynchereda, Mykola P. Rybak, Iuliia Shvediuk","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis136","url":null,"abstract":"In Eastern Europe, several UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs) have been important promoters of transnational and transboundary nature conservation and sustainable development. Nevertheless, political and institutional barriers and scarcity of resources have hindered successful cross-border cooperation. The prospects for BRs in Eastern Europe are mixed, especially in relation to the challenges of ecosystem degradation and climate change, as well as socioeconomic and (geo)political crises. Based on our own experience of one and a half decades of growing cooperation between partners in Ukraine and Germany, we conclude that transnational cooperation between BRs and science is particularly rewarding and mutually beneficial.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78576631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depopulation and rural shrinkage in Subantarctic Biosphere Reserves: envisioning re-territorialization by young people","authors":"Pablo Mansilla-Quiñones, S. Cortés-Morales, Andrés Moreira-Muñoz","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis108","url":null,"abstract":"Landscape-scale conservation at the regional level is an important challenge for Biosphere Reserves (BRs), especially those located in areas suffering from depopulation and rural shrinkage. This is the case of the BRs of the southernmost part of Chile, in the Magallanes region. An analysis of the implications of deterritorialization (the radical reduction or disappearance of inhabitants, their traditional ecological practices, and their material and affective links with the territory) is lacking in the literature, particularly in relation to the migration of young people towards other human settlements. This is a critical situation for BRs because there is a tight link between depopulation and the sustainability of socio-ecological systems. Here we discuss, on the one hand, the limitations and negative impacts of repopulation attempts by extractive industries and, on the other, the possibilities of involving rural youth in initiatives that encourage the re-territorialization of ecological practices and knowledge that have been developed by generations of local inhabitants, as a way of promoting bioculturally sustainable modes of re-inhabiting these territories. Profile","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72475754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table S1 – List of typical culinary products from Austrian BRs","authors":"G. Köck","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sisks1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sisks1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83716019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local residents’ place attachment and the perceived benefits for them of the UNESCO Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve","authors":"R. Eder, A. Arnberger","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis49","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding local residents’ perceptions of changes triggered by the creation of a biosphere reserve (BR) is important for a reserve’s successful management. This study asked 383 local residents of the Wienerwald BR, Austria, about their perceptions of changes, at individual and regional levels, nine years after the creation of the BR, and correlated these perceptions with place attachment. The vast majority of respondents perceived either no changes or positive ones in the region and for themselves. They saw the most positive impact of the BR as being the preservation of threatened landscape types and cultural landscapes. Study results revealed that local residents with stronger emotional, functional and social ties to the region perceived more positive impacts of the BR. The BR management could make use of the positive relationship between place attachment and perceptions of change, as high place attachment can be beneficial for the preservation of natural and cultural landscapes, and can contribute to greater involvement in participation processes by, and quality of life of, the local population. Profile","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80069566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A holistic assessment of the impacts of park management: findings from the evaluation of Regional Nature Parks in Switzerland","authors":"T. Hammer, R. Bär, A. Ehrensperger, Andreas Friedli, K. Liechti, A. Wallner, Thea Xenia Wiesli","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s14","url":null,"abstract":"In Switzerland, Regional Nature Parks are required to undergo an impact assessment after ten years of operation, in order for the federal government to award the Park of National Importance label for a further ten years and for the government, relevant canton and communes to continue to provide financial support for the park’s operation. To this end, is there a convenient way of identifying and holistically assessing the impacts of park management activities on the goals of the parks and the overarching targets of parks policy in Switzerland? Based on experience gained from the evaluation of three Regional Nature Parks, we have developed a framework model for the holistic evaluation of such parks and present it here for discussion. Research eco.mont – Volume 14, Number 1, January 2022 ISSN 2073-106X pr int vers ion – ISSN 2073-1558 onl ine vers ion: ht tp://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont ht tps://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s14 14","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77527020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture wars and protected areas: narratives against national parks. An exploratory qualitative comparison of the movements opposing Adula Park and Locarnese Park","authors":"Mosè Cometta","doi":"10.1553/0x003c9d96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/0x003c9d96","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the discourses of two movements opposing National Park projects in Switzerland, focusing on their strategies and the political causes of their actions. Five in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with the leaders of the opponents of Adula Park and Locarnese Park. The results reveal a cultural war between nature conservation advocates and park opponents. The existence of this radical opposition prevented bottom-up schemes from working. Further studies should aim to better understand the causes of this malaise in order to facilitate greater acceptance of new Protected Areas. Profile","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80971753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial by Miguel Clüsener-Godt","authors":"M. Clüsener-Godt","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89294638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}