International Health最新文献

{"title":"Perception, practice and associated factors of labour pain management among obstetric care providers in public health facilities in Harari Region, Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional study.","authors":"Loza Wondimu, Miressa Bekana, Abera Kenay Tura, Tamirat Getachew","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae084","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although providing relief from labour pain can improve the mother's satisfaction with the birthing process and lead to better reproductive outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the perceptions, practices and related aspects of labour pain management among obstetric care providers in public health institutions in the Harari Region of Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in the labour and delivery wards of public health facilities in the Harari Region. Data were collected using a semi-structured and pretested self-administered questionnaire among systematically selected obstetrics care providers (OCPs). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the practice of labour pain management. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the strength of associations and a p-value <0.05 was considered significantly associated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 234 OCPs were employed for analysis. A total of 70.9% of OCPs have positive perceptions and 69.7% practiced labour pain management in the past 4 weeks. Being a female (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.33 [95% CI 1.06 to 5.15]), having a positive perception (aOR 7.76 [95% CI 3.21 to 18.72]), being a physician (aOR 6.35 [95% CI 1.94 to 20.82]), being a midwife (aOR 5.28 [95% CI 1.78 to 15.63]) and being a highly qualified OCP (aOR 17.89 [95% CI 5.22 to 61.30]) were associated with being more likely to practice labour pain management. Positive attitude (aOR 2.77 [95% CI 1.51 to 8.72]), being a physician (aOR 6.01 [95% CI 1.23 to 29.35]) and practicing labour pain management (aOR 12.89 [95% CI 4.57 to 36.38]) were associated with labour pain management perceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seven of ten OCPs practiced labour pain relief methods and had a positive perception of managing labour pain. Therefore, facilitating training and improving the perceptions and attitudes of OCPs towards labour pain management should be encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"481-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in areas with a moderate tuberculosis burden.","authors":"John Patrick C Toledo","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"603-604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of joint external evaluation to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases mortality outcomes in 96 countries.","authors":"Yuri Lee, Siwoo Kim, Sieun Lee, Min Kyung Kim, Lawrence O Gostin, Juhwan Oh","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of Joint External Evaluation (JEE) scores with regard to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases performance in 96 countries. To propose a revised JEE tool, potential JEE indicators were also examined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>JEE data from 2016-2019 were linked with outcomes such as COVID-19 fatality rates and infections, as well as mortality rates for other infectious diseases. We also examined potential indicators such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Universal Health Coverage index to propose enhancements to the JEE tool. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess these associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average JEE score was 2.70 (SD=0.92) in 96 countries. Detection capabilities received the highest average score (3.23), while the other areas (2.30) section received the lowest scores. However, the analysis revealed that the JEE tool had limited predictive accuracy for COVID-19 outcomes. By contrast, the JEE scores showed a negative association with the performance of other infectious diseases. Notably, SDGs 2 (zero hunger), 4 (quality education) and 8 (decent work and economic growth) were strongly associated with better COVID-19 outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The JEE scores showed limited predictive value for COVID-19 mortality outcomes in 96 countries. The tool offers insights into health security, but needs revision to better handle future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"440-451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contraceptive use and determinants among sexually active unmarried adolescents and young women (aged 15-24 years) in East Africa: insights from Demographic and Health Survey data.","authors":"Saba Hailu, Helina Heluf, Galana Mamo Ayana, Belay Negash","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low contraception usage among adolescents is a significant public health issue, leading to a rise in unintended pregnancies and adolescent childbearing in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global efforts to improve access to contraception, sexually active adolescents and young women in East Africa are often overlooked, exposing them to substantial health risks. This study explored the factors influencing contraceptive use among unmarried and sexually active adolescents and young women in East African countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National representative data from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey for eight East African countries were used in the analysis. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 17 software. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify determinants of contraceptive use at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7813 sexually active unmarried adolescents and young women were considered for the final analysis. Among these young women, 24.9% were using a contraceptive method. Age, place of residence, knowledge of contraceptive methods, employment status and educational attainment were identified as significant determining factors of contraceptive use among sexually active unmarried adolescents and young women (aged 15-24 y) in East Africa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contraceptive utilization among sexually active unmarried adolescents and young women was relatively low in East African countries. Addressing the existing inequalities in access to contraceptive services for rural adolescents and young women in East African countries is crucial. Prioritizing policies that implement comprehensive sexual education is essential to enhance their knowledge of contraceptives and empower them to make informed decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"452-460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct economic costs related to antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections isolated from newborns in a perinatal hospital in Peru.","authors":"Maria J Pons, Antonio M Quispe, Miguel Tirado, Gabriela Soza, Joaquim Ruiz","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a priority for both public health and the global economy. Moreover, information on AMR is scarce, particularly in low/middle-income countries. We evaluated the direct economic cost of microorganisms and AMR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional study to assess the economic costs of neonatal cases diagnosed with bacteremia at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal in Lima, Peru, from January 2017 to June 2018. We used cost invoices calculated by the micro-costing bottom-up approach, as well as the strain identification and antimicrobial susceptibility data, to estimate the direct costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average costs of bacteremia were US$349 (SD 403) for multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and US$276 (SD 349) for non-MDR strains. Costs were higher for microorganisms associated with late-onset sepsis (LOS). We found that LOS, multidrug resistance and age were significantly associated with bloodstream infection (BSI) costs. Also, all microorganism groups were associated with increased costs, with the highest average costs for Acinetobacter, followed by Pseudomonas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Peru, BSI costs are strongly associated with AMR. Furthermore, costs increase significantly with LOS, multidrug resistance and the patient's age. We urge health authorities to strengthen measures and strategies against the pressing threat of AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"566-572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: An examination of the predictors of change in BMI among 38 026 school students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Katherine Ning Li","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae088","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary schools' readiness for SARS-CoV-2 preventive measures in Maputo City, Mozambique: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Adilson Fernando Loforte Bauhofer, Ramígio Pololo, Assucênio Chissaque, Fernanda Campos, Édio Ussivane, Luciana António, Fátima Iahaia, Emerson Miranda, Aline Gatambire, Luzia Gonçalves, Nilsa de Deus, Osvaldo Inlamea","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To reduce the spread and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), schools implemented a series of non-pharmacological interventions such as handwashing stations and cleaning protocols. A baseline assessment of the available interventions and readiness scores for SARS-CoV-2 prevention was conducted in primary schools in Maputo City, Mozambique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and October 2023. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that assessed the availability of preventive measures. Readiness scores were calculated, based on the relative frequency of available preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2, recommended by the government. Schools with readiness scores of 100% were considered ready.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the enrolled schools, 60.6% (66/109) were from the public sector. The median readiness score for preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 implemented in schools was 70%. Water was the most frequent available measure, with 98.2% (107/109). Ash/soap for handwashing (47.7% [52/109]) and functioning thermometers (31.2% [34/109]) were the least available measures. Private schools showed significantly higher readiness scores compared with public schools (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Private compared with public schools had higher readiness scores for preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 in Maputo City, Mozambique. These findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to improve readiness in public schools.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity and protein-intake strategies to prevent sarcopenia in older people.","authors":"Eunjae Lee, In-Dong Kim, Seung-Taek Lim","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the physical activity level and protein intake of older people with sarcopenia and investigate the adequate protein intake of older people in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1215 older people were recruited from the ninth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants' physical activity, handgrip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass and food intake were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A one-way ANOVA revealed that the normal group exhibited significantly higher values for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (male p=0.035 and female p=0.028), total intake kcal (p<0.001), carbohydrate (p<0.001), proteins (p<0.001) and fats (male p<0.001 and female p=0.005) compared with all other groups. Participants who met the recommended protein intake demonstrated significantly higher muscle mass (OR=2.16) and muscle strength (OR=2.31) compared with those who did not meet the recommended protein intake. A significant positive correlation between protein intake and skeletal muscle index (r=0.354, p<0.001) and handgrip strength (r=0.358, p<0.001) was observed across all participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older individuals who do not meet the recommended protein intake are more likely to experience a loss of muscle mass and strength compared with those who receive the recommended protein intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"423-430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of addressing the top 10 global causes of death on life expectancy in 2019: a global and regional analysis.","authors":"Fatemeh Shahbazi, Samad Moslehi, Zahra Mirzaei, Younes Mohammadi","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The life expectancy (LE) index reflects health changes in society, highlighting trends in health quality and quantity. This study focused on analysing the impact of the top 10 causes of death on the global increase in LE in 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on the top 10 causes of death in 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease website and a period life table was used to assess how eliminating these causes would impact LE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the global level, eliminating deaths from ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower respiratory infections, neonatal conditions, lung cancers, Alzheimer's disease, diarrheal diseases, diabetes mellitus and kidney diseases resulted in an increase in LE at birth of 2.44, 1.64, 0.75, 0.80, 4.06, 0.48, 0.36, 0.52, 0.36 and 0.35 y, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis reveals a gender gap in LE influenced by specific causes of death and regional differences. Therefore, public health policies should be customized for each area to target reductions in deaths that significantly improve LE.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"517-526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the influence of levels of physical activity and socio-economic conditions on body mass index of adolescents.","authors":"Li Liu, Yongsen Liu, Tingran Zhang, Jiong Luo","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihae083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We explored the relationship between adolescent physical activity levels, socio-economic conditions and body mass index (BMI) in order to gain a deeper understanding of the relevant factors affecting adolescent obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of middle school students in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone. Multiple linear and logistic regression analysis methods were used to statistically analyse the data obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) not only significantly reduces the incidence of obesity in adolescents, it also has a positive effect on avoiding underweight in adolescents. The impact of a father's BMI on a son's weight is higher than that of a daughter, while the impact of a mother's BMI on a child's weight is the opposite. High monthly income has a positive effect on reducing the BMI of male and female adolescents, but full-time working mothers actually increase the risk of obesity in their children. Teenagers who have exercise habits or view exercise as a form of enjoyment have a significantly reduced risk of obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The level of MVPA and exercise habits are important factors in inhibiting the development of obesity in adolescent students.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"470-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}