International Health最新文献

Does climate change influence the spread of malaria in Benin? Insights from ecological niche modeling for surveillance efforts. 气候变化是否影响贝宁疟疾的传播？从监测工作的生态位模型中获得的见解。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf064

Donald Romaric Yehouenou Tessi, Eben-Ezer Apelete, Sunday Berlioz Kakpo, Romeo Thierry Yehouenou Tessi, Aysel Çağlan Günal

{"title":"Does climate change influence the spread of malaria in Benin? Insights from ecological niche modeling for surveillance efforts.","authors":"Donald Romaric Yehouenou Tessi, Eben-Ezer Apelete, Sunday Berlioz Kakpo, Romeo Thierry Yehouenou Tessi, Aysel Çağlan Günal","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf064","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria is a severe and endemic disease, remaining one of the most prevalent tropical illnesses and a leading cause of death among children aged <5 y. Anopheles gambiae, the primary vector of malaria in Benin, plays a critical role in its transmission. This study aims to contribute to the health protection of populations in Benin by assessing the risk of vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria, in the context of climate change.Methods: Using the Maxent algorithm for ecological niche modeling, we mapped the distribution of A. gambiae, a highly effective vector of Plasmodium parasites.Results: Our findings revealed that high-risk areas for malaria cover nearly all departments of Benin, with the majority of southern departments-Mono, Littoral, Couffo, Ouémé, Plateau and Zou-identified as high-risk zones. Projections for 2055 under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios indicate a significant expansion of high-risk areas, extending to Collines and parts of Donga, Borgou and Atacora.Conclusions: Climate change is expected to exacerbate the spread of A. gambiae, increasing the disease risk across the country. These results are crucial for guiding policymakers in Benin to mitigate the current impact of malaria and implement preventative measures to address future risks.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women empowerment and healthcare utilization for childhood illnesses: evidence from Ethiopia. 妇女赋权和儿童疾病保健利用：来自埃塞俄比亚的证据。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf062

Bazie Mekonnen, Abebe Gebremariam, Negussie Deyessa, John N Cranmer

{"title":"Women empowerment and healthcare utilization for childhood illnesses: evidence from Ethiopia.","authors":"Bazie Mekonnen, Abebe Gebremariam, Negussie Deyessa, John N Cranmer","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Five million children <5 y of age died globally in 2021, the majority (56%) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Many of the deaths in children <5 y of age could be prevented through early detection and treatment. However, healthcare utilization for childhood illnesses remains low in the region. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between women empowerment and healthcare utilization for childhood illnesses.Methods: The main predictor variable for this study was women's empowerment and the outcome variable was healthcare utilization for childhood illnesses. The data source for the study was the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey dataset. Complex sample ordinal regression analysis was employed, controlling for confounders. Adjusted cumulative odds ratios (cuORs) and 95% confidence intervals were computed to estimate effect size.Results: A total of 2101 (weighted) cases of children <5 y of age were included in this study. Children whose mothers were empowered with a wife-beating attitude were 59% more likely to get healthcare for all illnesses in children <5 y of age (β=0.46, cuOR 1.59, p<0.01). Children whose mothers had no problems with healthcare access were also more likely to receive health services for all illnesses in children <5 y of age (β=0.42, cuOR 1.52, p=0.01).Conclusions: Women's empowerment has a significant effect on healthcare utilization for illnesses in children <5 y of age. The finding indicates empowering women, sooner or later, is empowering the family.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunities and challenges in China's CDC system reform: a grassroots perspective. 基层视角下中国疾控体制改革的机遇与挑战。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf061

Yanqing Zhang, Yongtao Zheng, Chunmei Ye, Biao Li

引用次数: 0

Geographical disparities in maternal healthcare and mortality in the Philippines: a 10-year comparison. 菲律宾孕产妇保健和死亡率的地域差异：10年比较。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf059

Francis Sarial Ganancial, Roditt Cruz-Delfino, Vivian Chia-Rong Hsieh

{"title":"Geographical disparities in maternal healthcare and mortality in the Philippines: a 10-year comparison.","authors":"Francis Sarial Ganancial, Roditt Cruz-Delfino, Vivian Chia-Rong Hsieh","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf059","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although the Philippines launched its Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health and Nutrition strategy in 2008 to reduce maternal mortality, its impact on maternal health services (MHS) utilization and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) remains unclear. This study examines MHS utilization trends and their association with MMR across the Philippines from 2010 to 2019.Methods: We conducted an ecological study using panel data in the Philippines during 2010-2019. Secondary analyses took place on datasets from the Department of Health and the Philippine Statistics Authority. Multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between MHS utilization and MMR.Results: From 2010 to 2019, national mean MMR declined from 74.85 to 57.19 deaths per 100 000 live births. Facility-based deliveries increased by 39.57% and births attended by medical doctors by 19.01%. Results from fixed-effects models revealed no significant association between MHS utilization and change in MMR over the 10-y period. However, utilization of antenatal care in Luzon (β=-1.528, p=0.005) and postpartum care in Mindanao (β=-1.604, p=0.020) was attributable to MMR reduction in 2019.Conclusions: While a national decline in MMR was observed from 2010 to 2019, significant regional disparities in MMR existed. The impact of MHS utilization varied over time and location.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experience of infertility-related stigma in Africa: a systematic review and mixed methods meta-synthesis. 非洲与不孕症有关的耻辱的经验：系统回顾和混合方法综合。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf060

Emmanuel Ekpor, Samuel Sanaa Brobbey, Cynthia Yaba Kumah, Samuel Akyirem

{"title":"Experience of infertility-related stigma in Africa: a systematic review and mixed methods meta-synthesis.","authors":"Emmanuel Ekpor, Samuel Sanaa Brobbey, Cynthia Yaba Kumah, Samuel Akyirem","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf060","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility is a significant reproductive health issue with high prevalence rates in Africa, where it is often stigmatized. This systematic review characterizes the experience of infertility stigma in Africa. A systematic search of relevant studies was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Global Health, Scopus and Web of Science, covering publications from their inception to March 2025. The search incorporated subject headings and keywords related to 'infertility' and 'stigma' in combination with terms specifying all African countries. A mixed methods approach was employed for data analysis, using the convergent thematic QUAL synthesis method. A total of 1987 records were identified, with 48 studies ultimately meeting the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed four overarching themes in the experience of infertility stigma: mechanisms of stigma-factors that drive or perpetuate stigma surrounding infertility; stigma marking-the social markers and identifiers that distinguish individuals as stigmatized; manifestations of stigma-the varied forms through which stigma is expressed; and consequences-the psychological, behavioural, relational and health-related repercussions for individuals experiencing infertility stigma. Infertility stigma was widespread, with a prevalence as high as 64%. However, no interventions were developed and implemented to mitigate this issue. Infertility stigma in Africa is deeply embedded within cultural norms and social structures, significantly impacting the lives of those affected. This review emphasizes the critical need for culturally tailored interventions to alleviate stigma and enhance access to reproductive health services.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical insurance coverage and its associated factors among children in urban and rural Chongqing, China. 重庆市城乡儿童医疗保险覆盖率及其相关因素分析

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf057

Caihui Hu, Jingyu Chen, Lanling Chen, Xinyuan Yao, Shunqing Luo, Xiaoping Jiang, Lan Chen, Fengming Wang, Jie Li, Jian Liu, Shihai Zheng, Xiaohua Liang

{"title":"Medical insurance coverage and its associated factors among children in urban and rural Chongqing, China.","authors":"Caihui Hu, Jingyu Chen, Lanling Chen, Xinyuan Yao, Shunqing Luo, Xiaoping Jiang, Lan Chen, Fengming Wang, Jie Li, Jian Liu, Shihai Zheng, Xiaohua Liang","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf057","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children face a heavy disease burden, while healthcare utilization remains low. This study seeks to assess the proportions of children in Chongqing covered by medical insurance and identify associated factors.Methods: From March to June 2019, a stratified cluster sampling was employed to cover 4705 participants in Chongqing's urban and rural districts. In a cross-sectional survey, univariate and multivariate mixed logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the determinants of medical insurance enrolment.Results: The participation rates of basic medical insurance (BMI) were 83.29%, 85.29% and 81.11% in total, urban areas and rural areas, respectively. For commercial medical insurance (CMI), the corresponding rates were 29.78%, 34.95% and 24.11%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, younger child age, better quality of life and higher annual household income were associated with a higher BMI participation rate. Conversely, children with asthma had lower odds of BMI coverage. For CMI, childhood obesity was a risk factor for being uninsured, while higher parental education, rhinitis, annual family income >150 000 RMB, caesarean section history and maternal gestational diabetes significantly increased the likelihood of CMI enrolment.Conclusions: In summary, universal health insurance coverage for children in Chongqing remains unfulfilled. To ameliorate the gaps and inequalities in children's insurance, sustained efforts are necessary, including improving household economic conditions, enhancing parental education levels and focusing on children's physical health. Therefore, policy supports should be enhanced, especially for economically disadvantaged rural areas in southwestern China.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A qualitative risk assessment of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Nigeria: implications for One Health response. 尼日利亚克里米亚-刚果出血热的定性风险评估：对One Health反应的影响。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf056

Abiodun Egwuenu, Sunday Makama, Nasir Ahmed, Olanrewaju Igah, Gloria Nwiyi, Yetunde Abioye, Damilola Kolade, Chika Okpala, Chinenye Emelife, Oyeladun Okunromade, Elsie Ilori, Jerry Pantuvo, Emmanuel Agogo, Olusola Aruna, Chinwe Lucia Ochu, Ifedayo M O Adetifa

{"title":"A qualitative risk assessment of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Nigeria: implications for One Health response.","authors":"Abiodun Egwuenu, Sunday Makama, Nasir Ahmed, Olanrewaju Igah, Gloria Nwiyi, Yetunde Abioye, Damilola Kolade, Chika Okpala, Chinenye Emelife, Oyeladun Okunromade, Elsie Ilori, Jerry Pantuvo, Emmanuel Agogo, Olusola Aruna, Chinwe Lucia Ochu, Ifedayo M O Adetifa","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne viral disease. Increasing cases in West Africa suggest potential undetected circulation in Nigeria.Methods: A One Health Joint Risk Assessment was conducted to identify transmission pathways and assess the likelihood and impact of human CCHF infections at the human-animal-environment interface in Nigeria. Risk framing involved developing structured questions for potential Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV) transmission scenarios. A scoping review was conducted and median seroprevalence values were reported. The likelihood, impact and data uncertainty for human infection scenarios were used for a qualitative estimation of risk.Results: Human contact with infected livestock during farming, veterinary practices and exposure to ticks was identified as a key infection route. Most cases in Nigeria (66.7%) were identified via serology, with a median human seroprevalence of 6.1% and cattle seroprevalence of 30.2%. CCHFV has been isolated from Rhipicephalus ticks. Four risk assessment questions were defined and focused on veterinarians, abattoir workers, herders, wildlife rangers and healthcare workers. Animal-related professions had a moderate likelihood of infection.Conclusion: Strengthening One Health surveillance, vector control and multisector infection prevention is crucial to reducing the risk of CCHF and averting future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between the Survey-based Women's Empowerment (SWPER) index and barriers to healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa. 基于调查的妇女赋权指数与撒哈拉以南非洲保健障碍之间的关系。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf023

Richard Gyan Aboagye, Mainprice Akuoko Essuman, Tarif Salihu, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, John Elvis Hagan, Frank Baiden, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah

{"title":"Association between the Survey-based Women's Empowerment (SWPER) index and barriers to healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Richard Gyan Aboagye, Mainprice Akuoko Essuman, Tarif Salihu, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, John Elvis Hagan, Frank Baiden, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women's health is an essential component of the Sustainable Development Goals. We examined how women's empowerment influences barriers to healthcare access in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: The study included a weighted sample of 188 572 women's data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 21 countries. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between women's empowerment and barriers to accessing healthcare.Results: Women in the medium and high categories of attitude towards violence, social independence and autonomy were less likely to experience problems in getting permission to go for treatment. Women who had high attitudes towards violence were less likely to experience problems in getting money for treatment. Women with high social independence were less likely to face problems getting money for treatment. Women with high scores for attitudes towards violence, social independence and decision-making had the lowest likelihood of experiencing difficulty with distance to a health facility. Similarly, those in the high categories for attitude towards violence, social independence and decision-making had the lowest odds of experiencing problems not wanting to go alone.Conclusions: Women's empowerment decreases the barriers to accessing healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa. Designing healthcare intervention programs for women should consider the contribution that women make to household decision-making, social independence and attitudes towards violence.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding contraception-use intentions among women of reproductive age not currently using contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa: key insights from Demographic and Health Surveys. 了解撒哈拉以南非洲目前未使用避孕药具的育龄妇女使用避孕药具的意图：来自人口与健康调查的重要见解。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf053

Alex Bawuah, Jacob Oppong Nkansah, Godness Biney, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sanni Yaya

{"title":"Understanding contraception-use intentions among women of reproductive age not currently using contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa: key insights from Demographic and Health Surveys.","authors":"Alex Bawuah, Jacob Oppong Nkansah, Godness Biney, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sanni Yaya","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf053","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study assesses the prevalence of contraception-use intentions and evaluates the associated factors among non-users in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Methods: Data from 2014-2023 Demographic and Health Surveys of 30 countries in SSA consisting of 332 986 women aged 15-49 y not already using contraception were used.Results: The overall prevalence was 41.18% (95% CI 41.01 to 41.34%). Zimbabwe had the highest prevalence (72.34%; 95% CI 71.11 to 73.57%), whereas Ethiopia had the lowest (15.96%; 95% CI 15.40 to 16.51%). Women aged 25-49 y had lower odds of intending to use contraception compared with those aged 15-19 y, and this was striking among those aged 45-49 y (adjusted OR [AOR]=0.06, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.07). Those with a higher level of education displayed a greater likelihood of intending to use contraception (AOR=1.93, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.05) compared with those with no education. The odds increased with the number of children born, particularly for those with ≥4 children (AOR=1.59, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.67) compared with those with no children.Conclusions: Promoting the use of contraception requires tailored, multi-pronged interventions that account for the diverse sociodemographic, fertility and informational needs of women in this population.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictors of iron status among preschool-age children in Malawi: insights from a micronutrient survey. 马拉维学龄前儿童铁状况的预测因素：来自微量营养素调查的见解。

IF 2.3 4区医学

International Health Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaf054

Peter A M Ntenda, Mfundi P S Motsa, Jane K Ntenda, Rex B Mbewe, Fentanesh N Tiruneh

{"title":"Predictors of iron status among preschool-age children in Malawi: insights from a micronutrient survey.","authors":"Peter A M Ntenda, Mfundi P S Motsa, Jane K Ntenda, Rex B Mbewe, Fentanesh N Tiruneh","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf054","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poor iron status is a common nutritional condition affecting preschool-age children (PSC) in low-income countries like Malawi. This study aimed to examine the determinants of iron deficiency (ID), functional iron deficiency (FID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among Malawian PSC.Methods: The study analysed data from the 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrients Survey, which collected information from a nationally representative sample of PSC across Malawi. Iron status was evaluated through biochemical markers, including serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors and haemoglobin levels. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent factors associated with iron status.Results: The prevalence of ID was 19.6%, FID was 50.3% and IDA was 4.7%. Males had higher odds of both ID and FID compared with females. Children <36 months of age were at significantly greater risk for ID, FID and IDA compared with children ages 48-59 months. Additionally, children referred for clinical malaria or those with inflammation were more likely to have ID and FID compared with those children who did not. Underweight children had a higher risk of both ID and IDA compared with children who were well nourished. Living in rural areas or the southern region of Malawi further increased the likelihood of developing ID compared with children from urban areas and the northern region.Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive healthcare initiatives addressing nutritional deficiencies and malaria prevention in vulnerable groups, particularly young children in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0